Deerfield Academy: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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| campus_type = Rural

| colors = Hunter green and white {{Color box|DarkGreen}}{{Color box|White}}

| athletics_conference = [[Six Schools League]]<br />[[New England Preparatory School Athletic Council|NEPSAC]]

| team_name = Big Green

| accreditation = <!-- or | accreditations = -->

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| newspaper = The Deerfield Scroll

| yearbook = The Pocumtuck

| endowment = $791920 million (JuneSeptember 20222024)

| tuition = $6874,230440 (boarding)<br />$4853,950860 (day)

| affiliations = [[Eight Schools Association]]<br />[[Ten Schools AdmissionsAdmission Organization]]

| website = {{URL|www.deerfield.edu}}

}}

'''Deerfield Academy''' (often called '''Deerfield''' or '''DA''') is an [[Independent school|independent]] [[College-preparatory school|college-preparatory]] boarding and day school in [[Deerfield, Massachusetts]]. Founded in 1797, it is one of the oldest secondary schools in the United States. It is a member of the [[Eight Schools Association]] and the [[Ten Schools Admission Organization]].

Deerfield has approximately 650 students and 150 faculty. Its acceptance rate was 13% for the 2023–24 school year, and its students come from 32 states and 42 countries. 89% of its students live on campus, 17% of its students are international, and 44% identify as students of color.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://deerfield.edu/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216142744/https://deerfield.edu/ |archive-date=2024-02-16 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Deerfield Academy}}</ref> 39% of its students are on financial aid.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Financial Aid |url=https://deerfield.edu/admission/financial-aid |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Deerfield Academy}}</ref>

Deerfield is a member of the [[Eight Schools Association]], the [[Ten Schools Admissions Organization]], and the [[Six Schools League]].

==History==

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=== Early history ===

Deerfield Academy was founded in 1797 when Massachusetts governor [[Samuel Adams]] granted a charter to found a school "for the promotion of Piety, Religion & Morality, & for the Education of Youth in the liberal Arts & Sciences, & all other useful Learning."<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=General Court of Massachusetts |url=http://archive.org/details/actsresolvespass179697mass |title=Acts and resolves passed by the General Court |date=1663 |publisher=Boston : Secretary of the Commonwealth |others=State Library of Massachusetts |pages=125-26125–26 |chapter=1796 - Chapter 62. "An act for establishing an academy in the town of Deerfield, by the name of Deerfield Academy."}}</ref> Having opened its doors to students in 1799, it is one of the oldest secondary schools in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Private School Search |url=http://www.privateschoolsearch.com/pss/page/hsps-list.do |access-date=June 3, 2013 |publisher=Handbook of Private Schools}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{cite web |title=School History |url=http://www.deerfield.edu/admissions/index.cfm?page_ID=16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215044208/http://www.deerfield.edu/admissions/index.cfm?page_ID=16 |archive-date=2007-12-15 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Deerfield Academy}}</ref>

The academy was established in the remote town of Deerfield, at the time "the principal [European] settlement on the western frontier."<ref>{{cite book |last=McPhee |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K4L_IDwB6ckC |title=The Headmaster: Frank L. Boyden of Deerfield |date=September 1, 1992 |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |isbn=978-0-374-70868-9 |pages=41-4241–42}}</ref> A Mr. John Williams organized a coalition of local grandees, including future U.S. congressmen [[Ebenezer Mattoon]] and [[Samuel Taggart]],<ref name=":0" /> to raise $1,300 to build a school house and another $1,400 for an [[Financial endowment|endowment]].<ref>{{Cite bookjournal |last=Orcutt |first=Leon Monroe |url=https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2987&context=theses |title=The influence of the academy in Western Massachusetts |journal=Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 |publisher=University of Massachusetts Amherst |year=1934 |location=Amherst, MA |pages=40 |doi=10.7275/6871421}}</ref> From the start, Deerfield educated both boys and girls.<ref>Orcutt, p. 41.</ref>

Like many early "boarding" academies in New England, Deerfield did not have its own dormitories when it opened, and out-of-town students were required to rent rooms from local families. Deerfield did not open its first dormitory for another ten years.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McLachlan |first1=James |title=American boarding schools: a historical study |date=1970 |publisher=Scribner |location=New York |page=46}}</ref> Even so, the newly opened academy was able to attract many students from the surrounding area; of the school's first 269 students, only 68 were from the town of Deerfield.<ref>Orcutt, p. 48.</ref> At the turn of the nineteenth century, Deerfield had over 100 students.<ref name=":1">McPhee, p. 4.</ref> Early Deerfield graduates occupied many [[United States Congress|congressional]] and [[gubernatorial]] seats in [[New England]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

Deerfield became a semi-[[Public school funding in the United States|public school]] in 1859, after the [[Massachusetts General Court|Massachusetts legislature]] ordered the town of Deerfield to establish a free public high school.<ref>Orcutt, p. 51.</ref> In 1876, the academy was reincorporated as the '''Deerfield Academy and Dickinson High School''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Commonwealth of Massachusetts |url=http://archive.org/details/actsresolvespass1876mass |title=Acts and resolves passed by the General Court |date=1876 |publisher=Boston : Secretary of the Commonwealth |others=State Library of Massachusetts |pages=74}}</ref> after local resident Esther Dickinson left the town $50,000 to build a new academic building (since demolished) and town library.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Deerfield Academy/ Dickinson High School |url=http://americancenturies.mass.edu/collection/itempage.jsp?itemid=5468 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association}}</ref> As late as the 1920s, the academy was still relying on tax revenue from the town.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fuller v. Trustees of Deerfield Academy, 252 Mass. 258 |url=https://casetext.com/case/fuller-v-trustees-of-deerfield-academy |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=casetext.com}}</ref>

Despite the town's financial support, the academy was in deep financial trouble by the end of the 19th century. Industrialization had depopulated large portions of western Massachusetts, depriving the academy of many potential students. From 1880 to 1900, the [[Deerfield, Massachusetts#Demographics|population of the town of Deerfield]] nearly halved, falling from 3,543 to 1,969. When headmaster [[Frank Boyden]] arrived in 1902, there were only fourteen students left,<ref name=":1" /> and the boarding department had already shut down.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Fowle |first=Farnsworth |date=1972-04-26 |title=Frank L. Boyden, 92, Principal Of Deerfield Academy, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/26/archives/frank-l-boyden-92-principal-of-deerfield-academy-is-dead.html |access-date=2024-02-27 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

=== Reinvention as a college-preparatory school ===

In 1902, Deerfield hired the 22-year-old Frank Boyden as its new headmaster. Its financial position was so precarious that Boyden was the only person willing to apply for the job.<ref name=":1" /> Boyden revitalized the academy by transforming it into a private, boys-only [[College-preparatory school|college-preparatory]] boarding school that drew its students not from the surrounding area but the entire country.

Boyden gradually rebuilt the academy's enrollment, invested in teacher salaries,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Lewis |date=1942-12-01 |title=Boyden of Deerfield |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1942/12/boyden-of-deerfield/657354/ |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> and developed strong relationships with college administrators. (According to one story, a strong recommendation from Boyden could get a student into [[Princeton University]] even if Princeton had already decided to reject him.<ref>McPhee, p. 69.</ref>) He restored Deerfield's boarding department in 1916, hoping to attract wealthy families whose tuition payments could rescue the school's financial situation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cooke |first=Brian P. |title=Frank Boyden of Deerfield: The Vision and Politics of an Educational Idealist |publisher=Madison Books |year=2000 |edition=Paperback |location=Lanham, MD |pages=53-5553–55}}</ref> To attract boarders to what was essentially a brand-new school, Boyden hired advertising executive [[Bruce Fairchild Barton|Bruce Barton]] to pitch Deerfield to prospective parents as "the cradle ... of the New England conscience,"<ref>Cooke, pp. 86-87.</ref> and popularized "[t]he notion of the Deerfield Boy ... intelligent, but more important[ly], well-rounded, ... plac[ing] a high value on ethics, morals and sportsmanship."<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Gold |first=Allan R. |date=1988-02-01 |title="Deerfield Boy" Is Wary Of Life After Girls |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/01/us/deerfield-journal-deerfield-boy-is-wary-of-life-after-girls.html |access-date=2024-02-27 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> By 1923, Deerfield had 140 students, including 80 boarders.<ref>McPhee, p. 59.</ref>

A capable fundraiser, Boyden saved Deerfield a second time in 1923, when the town exiled Deerfield from the public school system in favor of the brand-new [[Frontier Regional School]] in [[South Deerfield, Massachusetts|South Deerfield]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> When Deerfield was re-privatized, the headmasters of [[Phillips Exeter Academy|Exeter]], [[Taft School|Taft]], and [[Phillips Academy|Andover]] raised $1.5 million from their own alumni to save Deerfield from extinction.<ref>McPhee, p. 61.</ref> They also boosted Deerfield's enrollment by referring students that they had expelled to Boyden, who had reportedly established a reputation for rehabilitating such students.<ref>McPhee, pp. 53-54 ("In the nineteen-twenties, Deerfield regularly had a number of students who, for disciplinary or academic reasons, had been kicked out of places like Andover, Exeter, or Taft. ... Frank Boyden could be counted on to turn the lout into an interested scholar and a useful citizen.").</ref> (Boyden may have welcomed the change, because "Deerfield's rising population of immigrant Polish farmers" conflicted with his desire "to maintain the school as a [[Yankee#New England use|Yankee]] institution"; he told a colleague that Deerfield needed a boarding department "to help settle the Polish problem."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Greenfield |first1=Briann G. |author-link1=Briann Greenfield |title=Out of the Attic: Inventing Antiques in Twentieth-Century New England |date=2009 |publisher=University of Massachusetts Press |isbn=978-1558497108 |location=Amherst [Mass.] |page=142}}</ref><ref>Cooke, p. 96.</ref> However, Exeter principal [[Lewis Perry]]—a personal friend of Boyden's—pushed back against the suggestion that Boyden was uninterested in educating Poles, writing that Boyden had "put a good many Polish boys and girls" through Deerfield.<ref name=":4" />)

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The academy has maintained its strong reputation in the 21st century. It has been described as an "elite boarding school" by the ''[[New York Times]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bidgood |first1=Jess |date=2 April 2013 |title=Former Students Recall Teachers Accused of Abuse |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/03/education/ex-students-recall-deerfield-teachers-accused-of-abuse.html |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=New York Times}}</ref> "one of the nation's ... most elite boarding schools" by the ''[[Boston Globe]],''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lazar |first1=Kay |date=28 December 2018 |title='Better dead than coed': Deerfield Academy confronts its male-only past |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/12/28/better-dead-than-coed-deerfield-academy-confronts-its-male-only-past/63sZu3NRllpW2N9cu1fGkM/story.html |access-date=9 April 2023 |work=BostonGlobe.com}}</ref> and "an elite private school" by the ''[[Associated Press]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pratt |first1=Mark |last2=Kole |first2=William J. |date=2 August 2019 |title=Robert F. Kennedy's granddaughter Saoirse Hill dies at 22 |url=https://www.providencejournal.com/story/special/2019/08/02/robert-f-kennedys-granddaughter-saoirse-hill-dies-at-22/4554029007/ |access-date=9 April 2023 |work=The Providence Journal |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

Deerfield's admission rate was 17% in 2024.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |last=Randazzo |first=Sara |date=2024-09-12 |title=More Elite Prep Schools Are Offering a Free Ride for the Middle Class |url=https://www.wsj.com/us-news/education/deerfield-academy-boarding-school-free-tuition-102a15ec?st=l6z19mw7fhwz9ki |access-date=2024-09-13 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> In previous years it has been as low as 13%.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://deerfield.edu/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Deerfield Academy}}</ref> The academy's 650 students come from 32 states and 42 countries. 17% of students are international, and 44% identify as students of color.<ref name=":15" />

== Finances ==

=== Tuition and financial aid ===

In the 2024–25 school year, Deerfield charged boarding students $74,440 and day students $53,860. 40% of the student body was on financial aid, and the average boarding aid grant was $60,850 (i.e., 82% of the total cost of attendance).<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Financial Aid |url=https://deerfield.edu/admission/financial-aid |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913193920/https://deerfield.edu/admission/financial-aid |archive-date=2024-09-13 |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Deerfield Academy}}</ref> 48 students (7.4% of the student body) were on full scholarships.<ref name=":10" />

In the 2023–24 school year, Deerfield charged boarding students $68,230 and day students $48,950, plus other mandatory and optional fees.<ref name=":9" />

In September 2024, Deerfield announced that going forward, domestic students with household incomes under $150,000 will attend Deerfield for free, and domestic students with household incomes under $500,000 will have their tuition capped at 10% of household income. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' noted that $150,000 was "almost double the median U.S. household income" at the time.<ref name=":10" /> Although this policy does not apply to international students, Deerfield commits to meet 100% of an admitted international student's demonstrated financial need.<ref name=":9" /> The academy states that (as with most boarding schools) requesting financial aid may [[Need-blind admission|affect an applicant's chances of admission]].<ref name=":9" />

Deerfield offers need-based [[Student financial aid (United States)|financial aid]]. 39% of the student body is on financial aid, and the average boarding aid grant is $58,345 (i.e., 82% of the total cost of attendance). The academy commits to meet 100% of an admitted student's demonstrated financial need.<ref name=":9" />

=== Endowment and expenses ===

Deerfield's no[[financial longerendowment]] publicizesstands theat exact$920 sizemillion as of itsSeptember [[financial endowment]]2024.<ref However,name=":9" in/> In its [[Internal Revenue Service]] filings for the 2021–22 school year, Deerfield reported total assets of $1.17 billion, net assets of $1.07 billion, investment holdings of $829.9 million, and cash holdings of $33.5 million. Deerfield also reported $61.6 million in program service expenses and $13.4 million in grants (primarily [[Student financial aid in the United States|student financial aid]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=IRS Form 990 |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/42103563/202301299349305000/full |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=ProPublica|date=9 May 2013 }}</ref>

Deerfield's endowment has rapidly increased in recent years. From December 2018 to June 2022, the endowment increased from $590 million to $791 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Better Dead than Coed |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/12/28/better-dead-than-coed-deerfield-academy-confronts-its-male-only-past/63sZu3NRllpW2N9cu1fGkM/story.html |access-date=January 10, 2019 |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-17 |title=Deerfield Academy Is Raising $89 Million to Build a Dining Hall |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-08-17/deerfield-academy-is-raising-89-million-to-build-a-dining-hall |access-date=2024-02-27 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref> In 2022, Deerfield announced that [[Televisa]] vice-chairman Rodolfo Wachsman '53 had left Deerfield $80 million in his will; it is the largest donation in the academy's history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Remarkable Gift From a Remarkable Alumnus: Rodolfo E. Wachsman ’53'53 T |url=https://deerfield.edu/pulse/a-remarkable-gift-from-a-remarkable-alumnus-rodolfo-e-wachsman-53-t |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Deerfield Academy}}</ref>

== Academics ==

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== Faculty sexual abuse and Deerfield's response ==

In 2004 an alumnus revealed to Deerfield's then-headmaster [[Eric Widmer]] that he had been [[sexual abuse|sexually abused]] in the winter of 1983 by faculty member Peter Hindle.<ref name=":12">{{cite web |last=Sheppard |first=Whit |date=2013-07-22 |title=What Happened at Deerfield |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2013/07/20/the-former-deerfield-academy-student-making-sex-abuse-allegations-comes-forward/U5kfi3aik8LGVaHy3h9zmN/story.html |access-date=2015-08-20 |website=The Boston Globe Magazine |newspaper=}}</ref> Widmer responded sympathetically but did not press for details.<ref name=":12" /> A parent had previously raised concerns about Hindle to the academy in the 1980s, and Deerfield had responded with written and verbal warnings.<ref name=":13">{{cite web |last=Bidgood |first=Jess |date=2013-04-02 |title=Former Students Recall Teachers Accused of Abuse |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/03/education/ex-students-recall-deerfield-teachers-accused-of-abuse.html?_r=0 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=The New York Times |newspaper=}}</ref> Nearly a decade later in 2012, the alumnus raised the matter again, this time with the new headmaster Margarita Curtis, who he says "displayed clear moral authority and offered unconditional support from the start."<ref name=":12" />

An investigation by the academy's lawyers confirmed the allegations and uncovered more: In late March 2013 the academy published information that two former faculty members had engaged in multiple sexual contacts with students: Peter Hindle (who taught at Deerfield from 1956 to 2000), and Bryce Lambert (who retired in 1990 and died in 2007).<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14">{{cite news |author=Fox |first=Jeremy |date=2013-03-31 |title=Deerfield Academy finds teacher misconduct |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/03/30/deerfield-academy-investigation-concludes-former-teacher-had-sexual-contact-with-students/dK9ziRhSHQUY7o1r9HNt7L/story.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=[[The Boston Globe]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2015-08-21 |title=A recent history of New England prep school scandals |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2015/08/21/the-recent-history-new-england-prep-school-sex-scandals/LYLnywG3cgNvdlR7ADgixK/story.html?p1=stream_news |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151001/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2015/08/21/the-recent-history-new-england-prep-school-sex-scandals/LYLnywG3cgNvdlR7ADgixK/story.html?p1=stream_news |archive-date=2015-09-24 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=The Boston Globe |newspaper=}}</ref> The school stripped Hindle's name from an endowed mathematics teaching chair and a school squash court, and barred him from campus events.<ref name=":12" /><ref name =":14" /> A subsequent criminal investigation by the District Attorney's office revealed that at least four teachers—three deceased and one still alive—had engaged in sexual conduct considered "criminal in nature" with students extending back into the 1950s. Their deaths, and the statute of limitations, precluded criminal charges.<ref name=":16">{{cite web |last=Molloy |first=Tim |date=2015-08-18 |title=DA can’tcan't charge prep school teacher who ‘partially’'partially' admitted relationship |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2015/08/18/charges-for-prep-school-teacher-who-partially-admitted-relationship-with-student/eqfpsBQR1gVHpRX427SR3I/story.html?p1=takeover |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150959/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2015/08/18/charges-for-prep-school-teacher-who-partially-admitted-relationship-with-student/eqfpsBQR1gVHpRX427SR3I/story.html?p1=takeover |archive-date=2015-09-24 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=The Boston Globe |newspaper=}}</ref>

Deerfield spokesman David Thiel said "I think you saw from us an amount of transparency when this came to light that was unusual, and I hope that sets a good example for institutions and helps to assure that students are safer everywhere."<ref name=":16" />

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== In books and popular culture ==

* In his book ''[[The Headmaster (book)|The Headmaster]]'' (1966), Deerfield alumnus [[John McPhee]] reviewed the life and work of headmaster Frank Boyden, who he hailed as one of the last of the "magnanimous despots who ... created enduring schools through their own individual energies, maintained them under their own absolute rules, and left them forever imprinted with their own personalities."<ref>McPhee, p. 7.</ref>

* [[Alexander Payne]]'s 2023 film ''[[The Holdovers|]]''The Holdovers'']] was partially shot on Deerfield's campus.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rathe |first=Adam |date=2023-11-04 |title=How The Holdovers Makes a Star of Boarding School |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/arts-and-culture/a45726766/the-holdovers-movie-filming-locations-alexander-payne-interview/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226002441/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/arts-and-culture/a45726766/the-holdovers-movie-filming-locations-alexander-payne-interview/ |archive-date=2024-02-26 |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |language=en-US}}</ref> The production team auditioned several Deerfield students for acting roles,<ref>{{Cite newsmagazine |last=Schulman |first=Michael |date=2023-12-04 |title=A Prep-School Movie Star |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/12/11/a-prep-school-movie-star |access-date=2024-02-26 |workmagazine=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref> and Deerfield student [[Dominic Sessa]] was selected to play one of the two male leads.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=How The Holdovers Star Dominic Sessa Got Discovered |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/arts-and-culture/a45792712/the-holdovers-movie-alexander-payne-dominic-sessa-interview/ |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=Town & Country |language=en-US}}</ref>

* In'' [[The Departed]]'', [[Leonardo DiCaprio|Leonardo DiCaprio's]]'' ''character went to Deerfield before being expelled for hitting a gym teacher with a folding chair''

* [[John Gunther]]'s book [[Death Be Not Proud (book)|''Death Be Not Proud'']] (1949) discusses the long struggle of his son John "Johnny" Gunther Jr., a Deerfield student, against a deadly brain tumor.<ref>{{cite book |author=Gunther |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/deathbenotproud00gunt |title=Death Be Not Proud |publisher=Harper Collins |year=1949 |isbn=0-06-092989-8 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Johnny managed to complete his studies before dying less than a month after graduation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Death Be Not Proud - Reading Guide |url=https://b0f646cfbd7462424f7a-f9758a43fb7c33cc8adda0fd36101899.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/reading-guides/RG-9780061230974.pdf |access-date=July 2, 2023 |publisher=HarperCollins |at=}}</ref> The book was later made into a 1975 television movie starring [[Robby Benson]] as Johnny Gunther.<ref>{{cite web |title=Death Be Not Proud (1975) |url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/463220/Death-Be-Not-Proud/ |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref>

* Novelist [[Hannah Pittard]] discusses her time at the school in her 2023 memoir ''We Are Too Many''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pittard |first1=Hannah |author1-link=Hannah Pittard |title=We Are Too Many: A Memoir <nowiki>[Kind of]</nowiki> |date=2023 |publisher=Henry Holt |isbn=9781250869050}}</ref>

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{{Eight Schools Association}}

{{The Ten Schools Admissions Organization}}

{{New England Preparatory School Athletic Council}}

{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:High schools in Franklin County, Massachusetts]]

[[Category:Six Schools League]]

[[Category:Ten Schools Admission Organization]]