Gutian people: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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| footer='''Top:''' An inscription dated c. 2130 BC, mentioning the Gutians: "[[Lugalanatum]], prince of [[Umma]] ... built the <small>''E.GIDRU''</small> [Sceptre] Temple at [[Umma]], buried his foundation deposit [and] regulated the orders. At that time, [[Siium]] was king of Gutium." The name {{cuneiform|𒄖𒋾𒌝𒆠}}, ''gu-ti-um^KI'' appears in the last column. [[Louvre Museum]].<br />'''Bottom:''' Approximate location of original Gutium territory

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The '''Guti''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|uː|t|i|}}), also known by the derived [[exonym]]s '''Gutians''' or '''Guteans''', were a people of the ancient Near East. who both appeared and disappeared during the [[Bronze Age]] Their homeland was known as '''Gutium''' ([[Sumerian language|Sumerian]]: {{cuneiform|𒄖𒌅𒌝𒆠}}, ''Gutūm^KI'' or {{cuneiform|𒄖𒋾𒌝𒆠}}, ''Gutium^KI'').<ref>{{cite web|website=ETCSL |url=https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.2.1.1&display=Crit&charenc=gcirc&lineid=c211.308#c211.308 |title=The Sumerian King List line 308 |access-date=19 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=ETCSL |url=http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.2.1.5&display=Crit&charenc=gcirc&lineid=t215.p12#t215.p12 |title=The Cursing of Agade |access-date=18 December 2010}}</ref>

Conflict between people from Gutium and the [[Akkadian Empire]] has been linked to the collapse of the empire, towards the end of the 3rd millennium BC. The Guti subsequently overran southern [[Mesopotamia]] and formed the short lived [[Gutian dynasty of Sumer]]. The [[Sumerian king list]] suggests that the Guti ruled over [[Sumer]] for several generations following the fall of the Akkadian Empire.<ref>{{cite web|website=ETCSL |url=http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.2.1.1&display=Crit&charenc=gcirc&lineid=t211.p18#t211.p18 |title=Sumerian king list page 18}}</ref>

By the mid 1st millennium BC, usage of the name Gutium, by the peoples of lowland [[Mesopotamia]], had expanded to include all of westernnorthwestern [[Medes|MediaIran]], between the [[Zagros Mountains]] and the [[Tigris River]]. Various tribes and places to the east and northeast, regardless of ethnicity, were often referred to as ''Gutians'' or ''Gutium''.<ref>Parpola, S., "Neo-Assyrian Toponyms", (AOAT 6). Kevelaer and Neukirchen-Vluyn: Butzon & Bercker and Neukirchener Verlag, 1970</ref> For example, Assyrian royal annals use the term Gutians in relation to populations known to have been [[Medes]] or [[Mannae]]ans. As late as the reign of [[Cyrus the Great]] of Persia, the famous general [[Gobryas (general)|Gubaru]] (Gobryas) was described as the "governor of Gutium".<ref>Oppenheim, A. Leo, "VIII. Assyrian and Babylonian Historical Texts", The Ancient Near East: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures, edited by James B. Pritchard, Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 246-286, 2011</ref>

== Origin ==