Same-sex marriage: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia


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{{Same-sex unions}}

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'''Same-sex marriage''', also known as '''gay marriage''', is the [[marriage]] of two people of the same legal [[Legal sex and gender|sex]]. {{As of|2024|post=,}} marriage between same-sex couples is legally performed and recognized in 36 countries, with a total population of 1.5<!--counting 1,532.467M722 M, including Nepal and Thailand but not Israel, 2023 UN data, out of 7,795.311M world (deducting 250M for systemic over-count in China) --> billion people (20%<!--19.66% including Nepal and Thailand--> of the world's population). The most recent countryjurisdictions to legaliselegalize same-sex marriage isare [[Same-sex marriage in Greece|Greece]] and [[Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten|Aruba and Curaçao]] in the Netherlands. Two more countries, [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]] and [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Thailand|Thailand]], are set to begin performing same-sex marriages in late 2024 or in earlyJanuary 2025.

Same-sex marriage is legally recognized in a large majority of the world's [[developed country|developed]] [[The Economist Democracy Index|democracies]]; notable exceptions are [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Italy|Italy]], [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan|Japan]], [[Recognition of same-sex unions in South Korea|South Korea]] and the [[Recognition of same-sex unions in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]. [[Same-sex adoption|Adoption rights]] are not necessarily covered, though most states with same-sex marriage allow those couples to jointly adopt as other married couples can. Same-sex marriage is not recognized in any of the world's Muslim-majority states, though first steps are being taken in [[LGBT rights in Kosovo|Kosovo]]. Some countries, such as [[China]] and [[Russia]], restrict advocacy for same-sex marriage.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=VERPOEST |first=LIEN |date=2017 |title=The End of Rhetorics: LGBT policies in Russia and the European Union |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26531664 |journal=Studia Diplomatica |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=3–20 |jstor=26531664 |issn=0770-2965}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Bay Area Reporter |last=Huang |first=Wen |title=Gayness as a Western disease |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=BAR20010104.1.35&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 |date=4 January 2001 |volume=31 |issue=1 |publisher=Center for Bibliographical Studies and Research |access-date=31 August 2020}}</ref> A few of these are among the 35 countries (as of 2023) that constitutionally define marriage to prevent marriage between couples of the same sex, with most of those provisions enacted in recent decades as a preventative measure. Other countries have constitutionally mandated [[Islamic law]], which is generally interpreted as prohibiting marriage between same-sex couples.{{cn|date=June 2024}} In six of the former and most of the latter, homosexuality itself [[criminalization of homosexuality|is criminalized]].

There are records of marriage between men dating back to the [[1st century|first century]].<ref name="WilliamsRoman2">Williams, CA., ''Roman Homosexuality: Second Edition'', Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 280, p. 284.</ref> [[Michael McConnell and Jack Baker]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last1=Padnani|first1=Amisha|author1-link=Amy Padnani|last2=Fang|first2=Celina|date=June 26, 2015|title=Same-Sex Marriage: Landmark Decisions and Precedents|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/06/26/us/samesex-marriage-landmarks.html|access-date=|issn=}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|last=Baume|first=Matt|date=March 1, 2019|title=Meet the Gay Men Whose 1971 Marriage Was Finally Recognized|url=https://www.advocate.com/people/2019/3/01/meet-gay-men-whose-1971-marriage-was-finally-recognized|access-date=|website=The Advocate|language=en}}</ref> are the first same sex couple in modern recorded history<ref name="auto2">[[StoryCorps]] Archive (September 12, 2017). {{Cite web|url=https://archive.storycorps.org/interviews/dda002648/|title=Michael McConnell, Jack Baker, and Lisa Vecoli}}

There are records of marriage between men dating back to the [[1st century|first century]].<ref name="WilliamsRoman2">Williams, CA., ''Roman Homosexuality: Second Edition'', Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 280, p. 284.</ref> The first same-sex couple to be [[Timeline of same-sex marriage#1970s|married legally]] in modern times were [[Michael McConnell and Jack Baker]] in 1971 in the [[United States]].<ref name=":0">William N. Eskridg Jr. and Christopher R. Riano, "Marriage Equality: From Outlaws to In-Laws", ''Yale University Press'' (2020), Chapter 24.</ref> The first law providing for marriage equality between same-sex and opposite-sex couples was [[Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands|passed in the continental Netherlands]] in 2000 and took effect on 1 April 2001.<ref name="bloomberg-2014-12-04">{{Cite web |last=Winter |first=Caroline |date=December 4, 2014 |title=In 14 years, same-sex marriage has spread round the world |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-04/gay-marriage-same-sex-partners-can-wed-in-many-countries |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113164339/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-04/gay-marriage-same-sex-partners-can-wed-in-many-countries |archive-date=13 January 2022 |access-date=2022-02-20 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> The application of [[marriage law]] equally to same-sex and opposite-sex couples has varied by jurisdiction, and has come about through legislative change to marriage law, court rulings based on constitutional guarantees of equality, recognition that marriage of same-sex couples is allowed by existing marriage law, and by direct popular vote, such as through [[referendum]]s and [[Popular initiative|initiative]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2013 |title=Same-sex Oklahoma couple marries legally under tribal law |url=http://www.koco.com/news/oklahomanews/around-oklahoma/samesex-oklahoma-couple-marries-legally-under-tribal-law/-/12530084/22553184/-/101ihp0z/-/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022022830/http://www.koco.com/news/oklahomanews/around-oklahoma/samesex-oklahoma-couple-marries-legally-under-tribal-law/-/12530084/22553184/-/101ihp0z/-/index.html |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=22 October 2013 |publisher=KOCO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2022 |title=Clela Rorex, former Boulder County Clerk who issued first same-sex marriage license in 1975 dies at 78 |url=https://www.coloradodaily.com/2022/06/19/former-boulder-county-clerk-who-issued-first-same-sex-marriage-license-in-1975-dies-at-78/}}</ref> The most prominent supporters of same-sex marriage are the world's major medical and [[Scientific community|scientific communities]],<ref name="science" /><ref name="amici" /><ref name="cpa2006" /> along with [[human rights]] and [[civil rights]] organizations,<ref name="bbc" /> while its most prominent opponents are [[fundamentalism|religious fundamentalist]] groups.<ref name="religion" /> [[#Public opinion|Polls consistently show]] continually rising support for the recognition of same-sex marriage in all developed democracies and in many developing countries.▼

* Michael McConnell (75) and husband Jack Baker (75) talk with friend Lisa Vecoli (55) about having the first same-sex marriage legally recognized by a U.S. civil government in 1971, why they chose to get married, and what the response to their marriage was like.

* JB describes the decades-long (46-year) process from the denial of their marriage license in 1971 until a second request that same year in [[Blue Earth County, Minnesota|Blue Earth County]], [[Minnesota]], was "declared to be in all respects valid" by Order of Gregory J. Anderson, Judge of District Court.</ref> known to obtain a [[marriage license]],<ref name="National Archives">Newsletter, "Hidden Treasures from the Stacks", ''The National Archives at Kansas City'', p.&nbsp;6 (September&nbsp;2013).

* [https://www.archives.gov/files/kansas-city/press/newsletter/2013-september.pdf#page=6 Available online.]</ref> have their marriage solemnized, which occurred on September 3, 1971, in [[Minnesota]],<ref name="3Sept1971">Source: Blue Earth County

* Certificate 434960: [https://moms.mn.gov/ Minnesota Official Marriage System]

:* Applicants: James Michael McConnell and Pat Lyn McConnell

:* Date of Marriage: September 3, 1971

* Certified Copy: [https://www.blueearthcountymn.gov/DocumentCenter/View/4933/Application-for-Certified-Copy-of-Marriage-Certificate Marriage Certificate]</ref> and have it legally recognized by any form of government.<ref name=ruling>"The September&nbsp;3, 1971 marriage of James Michael McConnell and Pat Lyn McConnell, a/k/a Richard John Baker, has never been dissolved or annulled by judicial decree and no grounds currently exist on which to invalidate the marriage."

* Sources: CONCLUSIONS OF LAW by Assistant Chief Judge Gregory Anderson, Fifth Judicial District, (page&nbsp;4);

* Copy: [https://www.mncourts.gov/Help-Topics/Self-Help-Centers/Self-Help-Centers-Contact.aspx Minnesota Judicial Branch], File Number 07-CV-16-4559, "Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law and Order for Partial Summary Judgment" from Blue Earth County District Court in re James Michael McConnell et al. v. Blue Earth County et al. (September 18, 2018);

* [https://www.lib.umn.edu/sites/www.lib.umn.edu/files/2021-09/McConnellvBlueEarthCounty-17-Sept-2018-ConclusionsofLaw_ORDER.pdf#page=4 Available online] from ''U of M Libraries'';

▲There* areMcConnell recordsFiles, of"America’s marriageFirst betweenGay menMarriage" dating(binder&nbsp;#4), backTretter toCollection thein [[1stGLBT century|firstStudies, century]]''U&nbsp;of&nbsp;M&nbsp;Libraries''.</ref><ref name="WilliamsRoman2epilogue">Williams,Michael CA.McConnell, ''Romanwith Homosexuality:Jack Second Edition''Baker, Oxfordas Universitytold Press,to 2009,Gail p.Langer 280Karwoski, p"[https://www. 284upress.<umn.edu/ref> The first samebook-sex couple to be [[Timeline of samedivision/books/the-wedding-heard-around-the-sexworld marriage#1970s|marriedThe legally]]Wedding inHeard modernHeard times'Round werethe [[MichaelWorld: McConnellAmerica's andFirst JackGay Baker]Marriage] in{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826235010/https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/the-wedding-heard-around-the-world 1971|date=August in26, the2015 [[United States]].<ref name=}}":0">William N. EskridgUniversity Jr.of andMinnesota ChristopherPress R(2016). RianoReprint, "MarriageWith Equality:A FromNew Outlaws to In-LawsEpilogue", ''Yale University Press'' (2020), Chapter 24.</ref> The first law providing for marriage equality between same-sex and opposite-sex couples was [[Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands|passed in the continental Netherlands]] in 2000 and took effect on 1 April 2001.<ref name="bloomberg-2014-12-04">{{Cite web |last=Winter |first=Caroline |date=December 4, 2014 |title=In 14 years, same-sex marriage has spread round the world |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-04/gay-marriage-same-sex-partners-can-wed-in-many-countries |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113164339/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-04/gay-marriage-same-sex-partners-can-wed-in-many-countries |archive-date=13 January 2022 |access-date=2022-02-20 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> The application of [[marriage law]] equally to same-sex and opposite-sex couples has varied by jurisdiction, and has come about through legislative change to marriage law, court rulings based on constitutional guarantees of equality, recognition that marriage of same-sex couples is allowed by existing marriage law, and by direct popular vote, such as through [[referendum]]s and [[Popular initiative|initiative]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2013 |title=Same-sex Oklahoma couple marries legally under tribal law |url=http://www.koco.com/news/oklahomanews/around-oklahoma/samesex-oklahoma-couple-marries-legally-under-tribal-law/-/12530084/22553184/-/101ihp0z/-/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022022830/http://www.koco.com/news/oklahomanews/around-oklahoma/samesex-oklahoma-couple-marries-legally-under-tribal-law/-/12530084/22553184/-/101ihp0z/-/index.html |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=22 October 2013 |publisher=KOCO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2022 |title=Clela Rorex, former Boulder County Clerk who issued first same-sex marriage license in 1975 dies at 78 |url=https://www.coloradodaily.com/2022/06/19/former-boulder-county-clerk-who-issued-first-same-sex-marriage-license-in-1975-dies-at-78/}}</ref> The most prominent supporters of same-sex marriage are the world's major medical and [[Scientific community|scientific communities]],<ref name="science" /><ref name="amici" /><ref name="cpa2006" /> along with [[human rights]] and [[civil rights]] organizations,<ref name="bbc" /> while its most prominent opponents are [[fundamentalism|religious fundamentalist]] groups.<ref name="religion" /> [[#Public opinion|Polls consistently show]] continually rising support for the recognition of same-sex marriage in all developed democracies and in many developing countries.

Scientific studies show that the financial, psychological, and physical well-being of gay people are enhanced by marriage, and that the children of same-sex parents benefit from being raised by married same-sex couples within a marital union that is recognized by law and supported by societal institutions. At the same time, no harm is done to the institution of marriage among heterosexuals.<ref>Molly Ball, 2024 May 13, ''Wall Street Journal'', [https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/how-20-years-of-same-sex-marriage-changed-america/ar-BB1mhZ6p How 20 Years of Same-Sex Marriage Changed America]</ref> Social science research indicates that the exclusion of same-sex couples from marriage stigmatizes and invites public discrimination against gay and lesbian people, with research repudiating the notion that either civilization or viable social orders depend upon restricting marriage to heterosexuals.<ref>Multiple sources:

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===Contemporary===

[[File:NewlyMarriedCoupleAtCourthouse.jpg|thumb|Newly married couple in [[Minnesota]] shortly after the federal legalization of [[same-sex marriage in the United States]], 2015]]

The[[Michael McConnell and Jack Baker]]<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/> are the first same- sex couple toin bemodern [[Timelinerecorded ofhistory<ref same-sexname="auto2"/> known to obtain a [[marriage#1970s|married legallylicense]],<ref inname="National modernArchives"/> timeshave weretheir [[Michaelmarriage McConnellsolemnized, andwhich Jackoccurred Baker]]on inSeptember 3, 1971, in [[Hennepin County, Minnesota]].,<ref name="3Sept1971"/>William N.and Eskridghave Jr.it andlegally Christopherrecognized R.by Riano,any "Marriageform Equality:of Fromgovernment.<ref Outlaws to In-Lawsname="ruling", ''Yale University Press'' (2020), Chapter 24</><ref name="epilogue"/> Historians variously trace the beginning of the modern movement in support of same-sex marriage to anywhere from around the 1980s to the 1990s. During the 1980s in the [[United States of America|United States]], the [[HIV/AIDS in the United States|AIDS epidemic]] led to increased attention on the legal aspects of same-sex relationships.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March–April 2013 |title=How Same-Sex Marriage Came to Be |url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2013/03/how-same-sex-marriage-came-to-be |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502173822/https://harvardmagazine.com/2013/03/how-same-sex-marriage-came-to-be |archive-date=2 May 2019 |access-date=28 March 2015 |website=[[Harvard Magazine]]}}</ref> [[Andrew Sullivan]] made the first case for same sex marriage in a major American journal in 1989,<ref name=intelligent>{{cite web|url=http://www.moreintelligentlife.com/story/andrew-sullivan-thinking-out-loud|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425202254/http://www.moreintelligentlife.com/story/andrew-sullivan-thinking-out-loud|archive-date=25 April 2009 |title=Andrew Sullivan: Thinking. Out. Loud. |newspaper=Intelligent Life |date=Spring 2009 |access-date=24 October 2013|first=Johann |last=Hari}}</ref> published in ''The New Republic''.<ref name="groom">{{cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Andrew|title=Here Comes the Groom|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2012/11/gay_marriage_votes_and_andrew_sullivan_his_landmark_1989_essay_making_a.html|access-date=24 October 2013|newspaper=Slate|date=9 November 2012}}</ref>

In 1989, Denmark became the first country to legally recognize a relationship for same-sex couples, establishing [[registered partnership]]s, which gave those in same-sex relationships "most rights of married heterosexuals, but not the right to adopt or obtain joint custody of a child".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rule |first=Sheila |date=2 October 1989 |title=Rights for Gay Couples in Denmark |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/02/world/rights-for-gay-couples-in-denmark.html |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080523/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/02/world/rights-for-gay-couples-in-denmark.html |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> In 2001, the [[Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands|continental Netherlands]] became the first country to broaden marriage laws to include same-sex couples.<ref name="bloomberg-2014-12-04" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 May 2009 |title=Same-sex marriage around the world |work=CBC News |location=Toronto |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/same-sex-marriage-around-the-world-1.799137 |url-status=live |access-date=6 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125125134/http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2009/05/26/f-same-sex-timeline.html |archive-date=25 November 2010}}</ref> Since then, same-sex marriage has been established by law in 34 other countries, including most of the [[Americas]] and [[Western Europe]]. Yet its spread has been uneven — [[Same-sex marriage in South Africa|South Africa]] is the only country in [[LGBT rights in Africa|Africa]] to take the step; [[Same-sex marriage in Taiwan|Taiwan]] and [[Same-sex marriage in Thailand|Thailand]] are the only ones in [[LGBT rights in Asia|Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2021 |title=The Dutch went first in 2001; who has same-sex marriage now? |url=https://apnews.com/article/europe-africa-netherlands-job-cohen-western-europe-e08b053af367028737c9c41c492cc568 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821101311/https://apnews.com/article/europe-africa-netherlands-job-cohen-western-europe-e08b053af367028737c9c41c492cc568 |archive-date=21 August 2021 |access-date=21 August 2021 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sangwongwanich |first=Pathom |date=June 18, 2024 |title=Thai Same-Sex Marriage Bill Clears Final Hurdle With Senate Nod |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-18/thai-same-sex-marriage-bill-clears-final-hurdle-with-senate-nod?srnd=all |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref>

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|{{flatlist}}

* [[Same-sex marriage in Illinois#Lawsuits|Cook County, Illinois]] (21 February)

* {{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|Wales}} '''[[Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom|England and Wales]]''' (13 March)

* [[Same-sex marriage in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]] (13 March)

* [[Same-sex marriage in Oregon|Oregon]] (19 May)

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* [[Same-sex marriage in South Carolina|South Carolina]] (20 November)

* [[Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States#Keweenaw Bay Indian Community|Keweenaw Bay Indian Community]] (13 December)

* {{flagicon|Scotland}} '''[[Same-sex marriage in Scotland|Scotland]]''' (16 December)

{{endflatlist}}

|-

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* [[Same-sex marriage in Veracruz|Veracruz]] (13 June)

* {{flagicon|Switzerland}} '''[[Same-sex marriage in Switzerland|Switzerland]]''' (1 July)

* {{flagicon|Slovenia}} '''[[Same-sex marriage in Slovenia|Slovenia]]''' (8 or 9 July)

* [[Same-sex marriage in Durango|Durango]] (19 September)

* {{flagicon|Cuba}} '''[[Same-sex marriage in Cuba|Cuba]]''' (27 September)

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|{{flatlist}}

* ''{{flagicon|Liechtenstein}} '''[[Same-sex marriage in Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]]''' (1 January)''

* ''{{Flagicon|Thailand}} '''[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Thailand|Thailand]]''' (TBD22 or 23 January)'' ▼

{{endflatlist}}

|-

!''TBD''

|{{flatlist}}

▲* ''{{Flagicon|Thailand}} '''[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Thailand|Thailand]]''' (TBD)''

{{endflatlist}}

|}

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]]

Same-sex marriage iswill expectedbegin soonto inbe performed by [[Recognition of sameSame-sex unionsmarriage in Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]] and [[Recognition of sameSame-sex unionsmarriage in Thailand|Thailand]] in January 2025, and is under [[Same-sex union legislation|consideration by the legislature]] or the courts in [[Recognition of same-sex unions in El Salvador|El Salvador]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/sala-de-lo-constitucional-resolveria-demanda-sobre-matrimonio-igualitario-en-los-primeros-tres-meses-de-2020/674550/2020/|title=Sala de lo Constitucional resolvería demanda sobre matrimonio igualitario en los primeros tres messes de 2020|work=elsalvador.com|date=6 January 2020|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://observador.cr/bukele-busca-que-se-apruebe-el-aborto-terapeutico-y-la-union-homosexual/|title= Bukele busca que se apruebe el aborto terapéutico y la unión homosexual|work=El Observador|date=18 August 2021|language=es}}</ref> [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Italy|Italy]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tg.la7.it/politica/diritti-matrimonio-egualitario-opinioni-a-confronto-scalfarotto-vs-bonaldi-vs-centinaio-09-03-2023-180977|title=Diritti: matrimonio "egualitario". Opinioni a confronto: Scalfarotto vs Bonaldi vs Centinaio|date=9 March 2023|access-date=10 March 2023|archive-date=10 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310113805/https://tg.la7.it/politica/diritti-matrimonio-egualitario-opinioni-a-confronto-scalfarotto-vs-bonaldi-vs-centinaio-09-03-2023-180977|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/23_marzo_10/da-zaia-centinaio-cosi-lega-cambia-diritti-lgbt-perche-pesa-l-effetto-francesca-a2e451f8-bf1b-11ed-a204-070182f2d425.shtml|title=Da Zaia a Centinaio: la Lega ora cambia sui diritti lgbt (e c'entra "l'effetto Francesca")|date=10 March 2023|access-date=10 March 2023|archive-date=10 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310104916/https://www.corriere.it/politica/23_marzo_10/da-zaia-centinaio-cosi-lega-cambia-diritti-lgbt-perche-pesa-l-effetto-francesca-a2e451f8-bf1b-11ed-a204-070182f2d425.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan|Japan]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Japan opposition party submits bill for same-sex marriage |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2023/03/61f05630333c-japan-opposition-party-submits-bill-for-same-sex-marriage.html|publisher=[[Kyodo News]]|date=6 March 2023|accessdate=31 May 2023}}</ref> [[Same-sex marriage in Nepal|Nepal]],{{efn|name=nepal|text=Nepal is waiting for a final decision by its supreme court, but meanwhile all local governments are ordered to temporarily register same-sex marriages in a separate record. In April 2024 the National ID and Civil Registration Department issued a circular to all local governments that they register such marriages. However, simply being registered does not grant same-sex couples the legal rights of marriage, and registered same-sex couples cannot inherit property, get tax subsidies, make spousal medical decisions, adopt children etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/nepal-same-sex-couples-face-hurdles-on-road-to-recognition/a-69620274|title=Nepal: Same-sex couples face hurdles on road to recognition|work=DW|date=2024-07-10|first=Swechhya|last=Raut}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/12/03/how-court-laid-the-ground-for-same-sex-marriage-in-nepal|title=How court laid the ground for same-sex marriage in Nepal|first=Binod|last=Ghimire|date=2023-12-03|work=The Kathmandu Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apcom.org/long-road-lasting-marriage-equality-nepal/|title=The Long Road to Lasting Marriage Equality in Nepal|work=APCOM|first=Manisha|last=Dhakal}}</ref>}} and [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Venezuela|Venezuela]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=Diputada plantea iniciativa para el matrimonio civil igualitario en la Asamblea Nacional |url=https://elacarigueno.com/ini/diputada-plantea-iniciativa-para-el-matrimonio-civil-igualitario-en-la-asamblea-nacional/ |website=El Acarigueño |language=es |access-date=17 April 2022 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520104213/https://elacarigueno.com/ini/diputada-plantea-iniciativa-para-el-matrimonio-civil-igualitario-en-la-asamblea-nacional/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Civil union]]s are being considered in a number of countries, including [[LGBT rights in Kosovo|Kosovo]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/kosovo-promises-to-introduce-same-sex-unions-in-may/|title=Kosovo promises to introduce same-sex unions in May|first1=Alice|last1=Taylor|first2=Nick|last2=Alipour|date=26 –April Euractiv2024|website=www.euractiv.com}}</ref> [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Lithuania|Lithuania]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lithuanian MPs propose civil union as compromise on same-sex partnership |url=https://www.baltictimes.com/lithuanian_mps_propose_civil_union_as_compromise_on_same-sex_partnership/ |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=www.baltictimes.com}}</ref> [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Peru|Peru]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 October 2021 |title=Presentan proyecto de ley sobre el matrimonio igualitario entre personas del mismo sexo |newspaper=El Comercio |url=https://elcomercio.pe/politica/congreso/congreso-de-la-republica-presentan-proyecto-de-ley-sobre-el-matrimonio-igualitario-entre-personas-del-mismo-sexo-juntos-por-el-peru-somos-peru-partido-morado-nndc-noticia/?ref=ecr |access-date=2022-06-28 |publisher=elcomercio.pe}}</ref> [[Recognition of same-sex unions in the Philippines|the Philippines]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Padilla wants same-sex unions institutionalized |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/841251/padilla-wants-same-sex-unions-institutionalized/story/ |first=Hana|last=Bordey|website=GMA News Online|date=11 August 2022}}</ref> [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Poland|Poland]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilles |first=Daniel |date=2023-12-18 |title=New Polish ruling coalition outlines plans to introduce same-sex unions |url=https://notesfrompoland.com/2023/12/18/new-polish-ruling-coalition-outlines-plans-to-introduce-same-sex-unions/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Notes From Poland |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Ukraine|Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kholodnova |first=Anna |date=2 August 2022 |title=Zelensky responded to the petition on the legalization of same-sex marriages in Ukraine. |url=https://babel.ua/en/news/82388-zelensky-responded-to-the-petition-on-the-legalization-of-same-sex-marriages-in-ukraine |website=Бабель}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lavers |first=Michael K. |date=2023-03-07 |title=Ukrainian MP introduces bill to legally recognize same-sex couples |url=https://www.washingtonblade.com/2023/03/07/ukrainian-mp-introduces-bill-to-legally-recognize-same-sex-couples/,%20https://www.washingtonblade.com/2023/03/07/ukrainian-mp-introduces-bill-to-legally-recognize-same-sex-couples/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=www.washingtonblade.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 12 March 2015, the [[European Parliament]] passed a non-binding resolution encouraging EU institutions and member states to "[reflect] on the recognition of same-sex marriage or same-sex civil union as a political, social and human and civil rights issue".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Duffy |first=Nick |date=13 March 2015 |title=UKIP and Tories abstain on EU motion to recognise same-sex marriage |url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2015/03/13/ukip-and-tories-abstain-on-eu-motion-to-recognise-same-sex-marriage/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809064225/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2015/03/13/ukip-and-tories-abstain-on-eu-motion-to-recognise-same-sex-marriage/ |archive-date=9 August 2015 |access-date=26 July 2015 |website=PinkNews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Texts adopted – Thursday, 12 March 2015 – Annual report on human rights and democracy in the world 2013 and the EU policy on the matter |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P8-TA-2015-0076+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807122729/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FTEXT+TA+P8-TA-2015-0076+0+DOC+XML+V0%2F%2FEN&language=EN |archive-date=7 August 2015 |access-date=26 July 2015 |publisher=European Parliament}}</ref> In 2018, the [[Inter-American Court of Human Rights]] ruled that all signatory countries must allow same-sex marriage.

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[[File:Constitutional bans on same-sex unions by country.svg|thumb|center|upright=3|

{{legend|#D40000|Same-sex marriage [[Same-sex union legislation#Bans|banned]] by secular constitution}}

{{legend|#800000|Same-sex marriage banned by constitutionally mandated Islamicreligious law or morality}}{{OR|date=June 2024}}

{{legend striped|#800000|#DCDCDC|Same-sex marriage banned for Muslims|up=yes}}{{OR|date=June 2024}}

{{legend|#CCCCCC|No constitutional ban}}

]]

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==== Inter-American Court of Human Rights ====

[[File:María Alexandra Chávez y Michelle Pamela Avilés - Primer matrimonio entre dos mujeres en Ecuador.jpg|thumb|right|Alexandra Chávez and Michelle Avilés, the first same-sex couple to marry in Ecuador]]

On 8 January 2018, the [[Inter-American Court of Human Rights]] (IACHR) ruledissued an advisory opinion that states party to the [[American Convention on Human Rights]] mandatesshould and requires the legal recognition ofgrant same-sex marriage.couples Theaccession landmarkto rulingall wasexisting fullydomestic bindinglegal onsystems [[Same-sexof marriagefamily inregistration, Costaincluding Rica|Costamarriage, Rica]]along andwith setall bindingrights precedentthat inderive thefrom other signatory countriesmarriage. The Court recommended that governments issue temporary decrees recognizing same-sex marriage until new legislation is brought in. Among states without same-sex marriage, the ruling applies to [[LGBT rights in Barbados|Barbados]], [[LGBT rights in Bolivia|Bolivia]], the [[LGBT rights in the Dominican Republic|Dominican Republic]], [[LGBT rights in El Salvador|El Salvador]], [[LGBT rights in Guatemala|Guatemala]], [[LGBT rights in Haiti|Haiti]], [[LGBT rights in Honduras|Honduras]], [[LGBT rights in Nicaragua|Nicaragua]], [[LGBT rights in Panama|Panama]], [[LGBT rights in Paraguay|Paraguay]], [[LGBT rights in Peru|Peru]] and [[LGBT rights in Suriname|Suriname]].{{cn|date=December 2023}} The Court said that governments "must recognize and guarantee all the rights that are derived from a family bond between people of the same sex". They also said that it was inadmissible and discriminatory for a separate legal provision to be established (such as [[civil union]]s) instead of same-sex marriage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2018 |title=Major Advance for Marriage Equality and Gender Identity Rights in Latin America |work=San Francisco Bay Times |url=http://sfbaytimes.com/major-advance-marriage-equality-gender-identity-rights-latin-america/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141726/http://sfbaytimes.com/major-advance-marriage-equality-gender-identity-rights-latin-america/ |archive-date=29 January 2018 |access-date=13 April 2018 |publisher=Sfbaytimes.com}}</ref> The ruling has directly led to the legal recognition of same-sex marriage in [[Costa Rica]] and [[Ecuador]].{{cn|date=December 2023}}

==Other arrangements==

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</div>

A 2016 survey by the [[Varkey Foundation]] found similarly high support of same-sex marriage (63%) among 18–21-year-olds in an online survey of 18 countries around the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What the world's young people think and feel. |url=https://www.varkeyfoundation.org/media/4487/global-young-people-report-single-pages-new.pdf|title=What the world's young people think and feel.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aifs.gov.au/research/family-matters/no-100/who-supports-equal-rights-same-sex-couples|title=Who supports equal rights for same-sex couples? |website=Australian Institute of Family Studies}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=Jun 2, 2015 |title=Age is decisive factor when it comes to supporting same-sex marriage: LAPOP |url=https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2015/06/02/age-is-decisive-factor-when-it-comes-to-supporting-same-sex-marriage-lapop/ |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=Vanderbilt University |language=en-US}}</ref>

{{ #invoke:Chart | bar-chart

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== See also ==

{{Portal|LGBTLGBTQ|Human sexuality|Law}}

* [[LGBT rights by country or territory]]

* [[List of same-sex married couples]]

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{{Marriage amendments}}

{{Types of marriages}}

{{LGBTLGBTQ|state=collapsed|rights=expanded}}

{{Discrimination}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Same-sex marriage| ]]

[[Category:LGBTLGBTQ-related legislation]]