List of European colonies in Africa
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The following is a list of European colonies in Africa, organized alphabetically by the colonizing country. France had the most colonies in Africa with 35 colonies followed by Britain with 32.[1]
Belgian colonial empire
- Belgian Congo (Congo Free State annexed as a colony, today's Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- Ruanda-Urundi (comprising modern Rwanda and Burundi, 1922–62)
- Egypt
- British Cyrenaica (1943-1951, now part of Libya)
- British Tripolitania (1943-1951, now part of Libya)
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956)
- British Somaliland (now part of Somalia)
- British East Africa
- British Mauritius
- Bechuanaland (now Botswana)
- Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)
- Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)
- British Seychelles
- British South Africa
- British West Africa
- Gambia Colony and Protectorate
- British Sierra Leone
- Colonial Nigeria
- British Togoland (1916–56, today part of Ghana)
- Cameroons (1922–61, now part of Cameroon and Nigeria)
- Gold Coast (British colony) (now Ghana)
- Nyasaland (now Malawi)
- Basutoland (now Lesotho)
- Swaziland (now Eswatini)
- St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
- Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
Dutch colonial empire
- Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
- Dutch Cape Colony
- Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
- Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
- Gorée (Senegal)
- Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
- São Tomé
- South Africa
- Mauritius
French colonial empire
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- French North Africa
- French Algeria (1830-1962; was administered as an integral part of France itself from 1848)
- French Protectorate of Tunisia (1881–1956)
- French Protectorate of Morocco (1912–1956)
- Fezzan-Ghadames (1943–1951) (administration given by the UNO after its conquest by Charles de Gaulle)
- Egypt (ownership 1798–1801; Condominium of France and the United Kingdom 1876–1882)[2]
- French West Africa
- Ivory Coast (1843–1960)
- Dahomey or French Dahomey (now Benin) (1883–1960)
- Independent of Dahomey, under French protectorate in 1889
- Porto-Novo (protectorate) (1863–1865, 1882)
- Cotonou (protectorate) (1868)
- French Sudan (now Mali) (1883–1960)
- Senegambia and Niger (1902–1904)
- Guinea or French Guinea (1891–1958)
- Mauritania (1902–1960)
- Adrar emirate (protectorate) (1909)
- The Taganit confederation's emirate (protectorate) (1905)
- Brakna confederation's emirate (protectorate)
- Emirate of Trarza (protectorate) (1902)
- Niger (1890–1960)
- Sultanate of Damagaram (Zinder) (protectorate) (1899)
- Senegal (1677–1960)
- French Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) (1896–1960)
- French Togoland (1918–1960) (formerly a German colony, mandate became a French colony) (now Togo)
- Nigeria
- The Enclaves of Forcados and Badjibo (territory under a lease of 30 years) (1900–1927)
- The Emirate of Muri (Northeast of Nigeria) (1892–1893)
- Gambia
- Albreda (1681–1857)
- Kunta Kinteh Island (1695–1697, 1702)
- French Equatorial Africa
- Chad (1900–1960)
- Oubangui-Chari (currently Central African Republic) (1905–1960)
- Dar al Kuti (protectorate) (1897) (in 1912 its sultanate was suppressed by the French)
- Sultanate of Bangassou (protectorate) (1894)
- Present-day The Republic of Congo, then French Congo (1875–1960)
- Gabon (1839–1960)
- French Cameroon (91% of current Cameroon) (1918–1960) (formerly a German colony, Mandate, Protectorate then French Colony)
- São Tomé and Príncipe (1709)
- French East Africa and Indian Ocean
- French Madagascar (1896–1960)
- Kingdom of Imerina (protectorate; 1896)
- Isle de France (1715–1810; now Mauritius)
- Djibouti (French Somaliland) (the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas; French Somalia; 1862–1977)
- French Egypt (1798–1801, 1858–1882, 1956)
- Mayotte (1841–present)
- Seychelles (1756–1810)
- Chagos Archipelago (1721–1745, 1768–1814)
- The Scattered Islands (Banc du Geyser, Bassas da India, Europa Island, Juan de Nova Island, Glorioso Islands, Tromelin Island)
- Comoros (1866–1975)
- Réunion (1710–present)
- French Madagascar (1896–1960)
The following were German African protectorates:
- German South West Africa, 1884 to 1915
- German West Africa, 1884 to 1915
- Togoland, 1884 to 1916
- Kamerun, from 1884 to 1916
- Kapitaï and Koba, 1884 to 1885
- Mahinland, March 11, 1885 to October 24, 1885
- German East Africa, 1885 to 1918
- Witu Protectorate, 1885 to 1890
- German Somali Coast, 1885 to 1888
- German Congo, 1884 to 1885
- German Katanga, 1886
- Gando Protectorate, 1895 to 1897
- Gulmu Protectorate, 1895 to 1897
- German South Africa, 1884 to 1885
Italian colonial empire
Former colonies, protectorates and occupied areas
- Italian Eritrea (1882–1947)
- Italian Somalia (1889–1947)
- Trust Territory of Somaliland (1950–1960)
- Libya (1911–1947)
- Italian Tripolitania & Cyrenaica (1911–1934)
- Italian Libya (1934–1943)
- Italian East Africa (1936–1941)
- Italian Ethiopia (1936–1941)
- Tunis (1942–1943)
Portuguese colonial empire
- Portuguese Angola (now Angola)
- Mainland Angola
- Portuguese Congo(now Cabinda Province of Angola)
- Portuguese Mozambique(now Mozambique)
- Portuguese Guinea(now Guinea-Bissau)
- Portuguese Gold Coast now part of Ghana
- Portuguese Cape Verde
- Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
- Angola
- Annobón
- Cabinda
- Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
- Ceuta
- Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá
- Gorée (in Senegal)
- Malindi
- Mombasa
- Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
- Nigeria (Lagos area)
- Mozambique
- Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
- Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
- Quíloa
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Tangier
- Zanzibar
- Ziguinchor
- Sagallo (6 January 1889–5 February 1889)
Spanish colonial Empire
- Northern Spanish Morocco
- Chefchaouen (Chauen)
- Jebala (Yebala)
- Kert
- Loukkos (Lucus)
- Rif
- Chefchaouen (Chauen)
- Spanish West Africa
- Ifni
- Southern Spanish Morocco (Cape Juby)
- Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara)
- ^ "A map of Europe based on how many colonies each country had". 2023-09-26. Retrieved 2023-09-26.
- ^ "Centenaire de l'Entente cordiale : les accords franco-britanniques de 1904" (PDF) (in French). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-08-29.