New York, Ontario and Western Railway

The New York, Ontario and Western Railway, commonly known as the O&W or NYO&W, was a regional railroad founded in 1868. The last train ran from Norwich, New York, to Middletown, New York, in 1957, after which it was ordered liquidated by a U.S. bankruptcy judge. It was the first Class I U.S. railroad to be abandoned in its entirety.^[11]

New York, Ontario and Western Railway

A New York, Ontario and Western Railway diesel locomotive in 1947
Overview
Headquarters	New York City, New York, U.S.
Reporting mark	NYOW
Locale	North Jersey, Upstate New York, and Northeastern Pennsylvania
Dates of operation	1884–1957
Technical
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Length	541 mi (871 km)
Route map v t e New York, Ontario & Western Legend Oswego Central Square Oneida Rome Utica Clinton Randallsville Norwich Sidney Delhi Walton Cadosia Hancock New York Pennsylvania Carbondale Mayfield Yard Scranton Sibley Livingston Manor Ferndale Fallsburgh Monticello Valley Junction Port Jervis Summitville Kingston Middletown Campbell Hall Maybrook (NH) Cornwall New York New Jersey Weehawken Terminal (NYC)   Running rights (Owner) NYO&W N'n Div 325.27 Oswego NYC to Ottawa 319.45 Minetto 317.40 Bundy's 315.69 Arrowhead 312.91 Fulton (Oneida St) 312.60 Fulton (Bdway) 311.69 NYC Jct 309.54 Ingell's 305.24 Pennellville 302.24 Caughdenoy 298.88 Ctrl Sq 295.13 W Monroe 291.34 Constantia 287.81 Bernhards 285.13 Cleveland 281.29 Jewell (W Vienna) 278.20 N Bay 276.44 Sylvan Beach Sylvan Jct (LVRR) Beacon Beach Landing Fish Creek Tower 275.43 Fish Creek (Sylvan) 271.99 State Br 269.89 Durhamville 267.74 Oneida NYC to Buffalo, Suspension Br 266.53 Castle (Oneida Castle) 264.21 Kenwood 260.50 Valley Mills (Cooks Corners) 258.80 Stockbr 258.47 Munns (Munnsville) 253.80 Pratts 253.67 Whites Corners NYC to Lake Placid, Montreal, Ottawa 280.19 Rome D&H to Montreal 276.50 Dix 275.81 Utica (Genesee St) Schenectady NYC to Troy, Delanson Utica (Wash St) 274.20 Bartlett 273.42 Canal Branch 272.10 Westmoreland 271.96 New Hartford 269.95 Clarks' Mills 269.05 Kirkland Rome Branch Utica Branch 266.84 Clinton 265.36 Franklin Springs 262.09 Deansboro 257.72 Oriskany 254.19 Solsville 251.93 Bouckville Utica Branch N'n Div Mainline N'n Div Mainline Eaton Line 251.81 Morrisville 249.98 Pecksport 249.25 Eaton 246.88 Hamilton Eaton Line N'n Div Mainline 244.66 Randallsville (Smith Valley) 240.75 Earlville 235.42 Wilbers 233.67 Sherburne 4 Corners 231.14 Galena (N Norwich) 227.21 Woods 225.38 Norwich DL&W to Buffalo 221.31 Barbers 216.93 Oxford 212.17 Summit 210.06 Guilford 208.58 Parker (Guilford Ctr) 232.16 Edmeston 230.56 Ambler 227.96 Pittsfield 225.36 New Berlin 222.42 Sages Corners 221.24 New Berlin Ctr 220.23 Davis Xing 217.59 S New Berlin 216.12 Holmesville 214.08 White Stone 212.21 Latham's Corners 211.33 Rockwell's Mills 209.69 Upton (Mt Upton) 206.04 Rockdale New Berlin Branch N'n Div Mainline 203.21 New Berlin Jct Sidney D&H Tower 200.55 Sidney D&H to Binghamton N'n Div Mainline S'n Div Mainline S'n Div Mainline to Weehawken, Delhi, Scranton, Kingston, Prt Jervis [1][2][3][4][5] v t e NYO&W Southern Division Legend NYO&W owned and operated tracks Station Tower NYO&W tracks leased from other companies Flag stop Interchange station Other tracks Non-passenger station Switch N'n Div Mainline to Oswego, Utica DL&W to Syracuse 200.55 Sidney D&H to Binghamton N'n Div Mainline S'n Div Mainline D&H to Montreal 197.56 S Unadilla 196.23 Youngs 193.57 Niles (Niles Switch) 193.08 Sidney Ctr 189.71 Franklin 187.94 Merrickville 186.65 N'field (Zig Zag) 182.62 Ogdens 196.06 Delhi 192.88 Frasers 190.17 Delancy 188.46 Hamden 187.20 Hawleys 183.12 Colchester 180.01 Br St Delhi Branch S'n Div Mainline 179.45 Walton 174.58 Beerston 171.58 Rock Rift 167.25 Apex (Cadosia Smt) 164.16 Kerry's 213.91 Scranton (CNJ) 213.47 Scranton Mulberry St 213.04 Diamond Xing Tower 212.61 Pk Pl 212.00 Von Storch Jct 211.65 Providence 210.33 Throop D&H Pancoast Cxn Coxton (Lehigh Valley) LV to Buffalo Pittston Jct Austin Jct 218.69 Sibley Jct Pyne Breaker 215.59 Luzerne 213.85 Capouse Ext 213.79 Cayuga Jct Tower 212.82 Farrell Coal Co & McCormicks' Coal 212.70 Taylor's Mine 211.45 Leggett's Crk Branch & Mine Capouse Branch Scranton Div Mainline 209.79 Capouse Jct 209.40 Dickson Yd 209.40 Dickson 208.95 Johnson Branch 208.20 Olyphant 206.40 Peckville 209.46 Hackley's Slope 209.05 Raymond Mine & Shaft Sturges Mine R'side Mine Ontario Breaker R'side Branch Scranton Div Mainline 205.07 R'side Jct 204.87 Winton 204.11 Archibald Washery Jct 203.70 Archibald 201.97 Jermyn Trans D&H to Wilkes-Barre 201.17 Jermyn CNJ to Jersey City 199.39 Mayfield Yd 198.50 White Br 196.98 Carbondale 196.12 Carbondale Yd Belmont (Erie Cxn) Richmondale Mine NW Mine Elk Crk Mine NW Branch Scranton Div Mainline 193.66 NW Jct 191.31 Grays 190.75 Forest City 183.81 Pleasant Mount 178.18 Orson (Belmont) 176.11 Poyntelle (Preston Summit) 172.92 Lakewood (Winwood) 170.27 Preston Park 168.82 Holbert's Switch 167.30 Starlight 162.92 Delaware Switch NYO&W RR Br over the Delaware River Pennsylvania New York 161.91 Hancock Scranton Div Mainline S'n Div Mainline 159.90 Cadosia (Hancock Jct) Wheeler Tower Delaware Tower 154.33 Fish's Eddy 150.31 E Branch 148.24 Trout Brook 144.78 Chiloway 143.24 Horton's 140.82 Cook's Falls 135.38 Roscoe (Rockland) 129.13 Livingston Manor 123.86 Parksville 118.58 Liberty 116.34 Ferndale (Liberty) 111.34 Luzon (Hurleyville) 109.28 Brown's Pond 107.97 Fallsburgh Neversink Tower N Portal 105.94 Neversink 104.36 Woodridge (Centerville) 101.79 Mountaindale 96.97 Adam's 95.76 Red Hill 128.16 Kingston 125.39 Hurley 123.72 Monticello 119.99 Cottekill 118.22 St Joseph's (Gilman's) 117.58 High Falls 115.57 Prt Jervis Erie Sta 115.52 Hartwood 114.63 Prt Jervis Main St 114.53 Kyserike 112.41 Oakland 112.39 CJI Camps 111.67 Mountain Spring 111.54 Accord 110.40 Huguenot 108.25 Godeffroy's Monticello Branch Prt Jervis Branch 107.77 Kerhonkson 107.56 Valley Jct 106.57 Cuddebackville 104.82 Prt Orange 104.38 Wawarsing 103.45 Westbrookville 103.18 Napanoch 101.01 Ellenville 100.21 Haven 96.93 Wurtsboro 96.65 Spring Glen 94.58 Phillipsport Prt Jervis Branch S'n Div Mainline Kingston Branch S'n Div Mainline 93.11 Summitville 89.78 Mamakating N Portal Tower (Hi View) 88.16 Hi View (Bloomingburgh) S Portal Tower (Hi View) 85.72 Winterton 82.21 Fair Oaks 81.30 Crawford Jct Tower 79.22 Sands 78.22 Middletwn Yd Office 77.78 Wickham Ave (Middletwn) NYS&W to Hainesburg, Jersey City RR Ave Tower 74.76 Mechanicstwn 72.79 Crystal Run (Ireland) 70.69 Stony Ford Campbell Hall Tower Tracks owned by NYNH&H Maybrook 68.29 Campbell Hall NYNH&H RR to Boston Burnside Tower 65.91 Burnside Sta 64.64 Rock Tavern 62.15 Bulls Switch 60.99 Little Britain 57.81 Meadow Brook 56.26 Orrs Mills 55.53 Firthcliffe (Montana) 53.05 Cornwall Jct Tower 52.28 Cornwall Sta Tracks owned by NYC 0.00 Weehawken NYC to Jersey City [6][7][8][9][10]

The railroad began life as the New York and Oswego Midland Railroad, organized by Dewitt C. Littlejohn of Oswego, NY, in 1868. Its mainline extended from Weehawken, New Jersey, across the Hudson River from New York City, to Oswego, New York, a port city on Lake Ontario. It had branch lines to Kingston, Port Jervis, Monticello, Delhi, Utica and Rome, New York and Scranton, Pennsylvania. The part south of Cornwall, New York, was operated over the New York Central Railroad's West Shore Railroad via trackage rights.

In 1866, the New York and Oswego Midland Railroad was chartered under the direction of Dewitt C. Littlejohn, who envisioned a railroad serving a direct connection from the docks opposite New York City to Lake Ontario at Oswego. Construction on the line north of Middletown began in 1868 and was completed in 1873. Branches were also constructed to Ellenville, Delhi and New Berlin, New York; a branch was begun to Auburn from Norwich, but it only was constructed to Scipio Center before being sold to the Utica, Ithaca and Elmira Railroad in 1876.^[12] Access to New York City was provided by the Middletown, Unionville and Water Gap Railroad and the New Jersey Midland Railway beginning in 1872. On September 3, 1869, the NY&OM began using the Pennsylvania Railroad's station at Exchange Place in Jersey City, New Jersey, which provided its passengers with ferry access to the Cortlandt Street Ferry Depot in lower Manhattan and the Desbrosses Street Ferry.^[13] With the Panic of 1873, the company began to fold, and it severed its ties with the NJM and the MU&WG.

In 1880, O&W inherited the New York & Oswego Midland's lines. The O&W improved the main line by providing a new route to the New York City area from Middletown, New York, which extended to Cornwall on the Hudson River and then to Weehawken Terminal. This development was made possible by negotiating trackage-rights from the New York, West Shore & Buffalo Railway,^[14] later part of the New York Central system.

In 1886, O&W acquired the operations of both the Utica, Clinton & Binghamton and the Rome & Clinton railroads from the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company. By acquisition of these assets and construction of a new line to Sylvan Beach on the east shore of Lake Oneida, the O&W extended its operations into new market areas, and the Sylvan Beach Loop became a seasonally-significant corridor by providing transportation to central New York's recreational resort area. By 1889, the O&W added two new branches, New Berlin to Edmeston, and Port Jervis to Monticello, connecting to the main line at Summitville, New York.

The most significant addition occurred in 1890, when the O&W constructed a 54-mile branch from Cadosia, New York, to Scranton, Pennsylvania, through the rich anthracite coal reserves in Pennsylvania's Lackawanna Valley. Revenues from this new Scranton Division strengthened O&W's revenues and provided the means for future improvements to the railroad. The railroad's W-in-O logo first appeared in 1892.^[15]

During the ill-fated "Morganization" of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (NH), the railroad acquired control of the O&W and installed NH president Charles Sanger Mellen as president for a year. Regulatory difficulties frustrated Mellen's plans to barter the O&W to the New York Central Railroad for concessions elsewhere.

The 1940s saw a receding of passenger service. In the early years of the 1940s, the Summitville-Kingston branch was reduced to a Sundays and holidays, summer-only service.^[16] Improved highways ended the O&W's passenger service to the resort areas of the lower Catskill Mountains (the "Borscht Belt") and lightly populated portions of Upstate New York, with the last train from Walton, New York, to Weehawken operating in the summer of 1948. The O&W's Walton-Delhi branch service, all in Delaware County, was also eliminated in this period.^[17] The last passenger train (from Roscoe, New York, just north of Livingston Manor, to Weehawken Terminal) operated on September 10, 1953.^[18]

By 1948 the operating losses had accumulated to over $38 million^[11] (over $69 million in 2024).^[19] The decrease of coal as a heating fuel for other than major power plants damaged its primary freight business, as did the end of rail transport of high-priority dairy products from Upstate New York to the Metro New York City area. The New Haven offered to purchase the company in 1952, but later withdrew its offer, citing its own financial problems.^[20] Abandonment was loudly-protested by towns along the line, which considered unpaid back taxes as an investment in the railroad. The New York State legislature approved a $1 million aid bill, citing the O&W as essential for civil defense, but the state civil defense commission rejected it.^[20]

The bankruptcy court finally ordered complete abandonment, and the last freight train ran from Norwich to Middletown on March 29, 1957. Liquidation proceeded shortly thereafter. Three large scrap dealers bought the entire right-of-way from the bankruptcy court soon afterward, and removed nearly all of the rails and bridges in 1958 and 1959. All O&W assets were auctioned. The diesel locomotives found new owners, but most of the other, antiquated rolling stock and equipment was scrapped.^[20] Certain sections of track serving shippers, many of which were industrial factories, were transferred by the bankruptcy court to other railroads, allowing continued rail access to the plants. The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad received track from Utica to New Hartford, New York, and track in Norwich, New York and Scranton, Pennsylvania. The New York Central took over sections of O&W New York track between Fulton and Oswego, and the tracks in Rome, Oneida, and Kingston. These transfers were approved before operations ceased at midnight on March 29, and the transfer of other sections to the Erie Railroad was approved later.^[21] A section of the track in New Hartford was still in operation in 2018 by the Northern Division of the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway.

Rail historian George Drury later commented that the O&W "had always been sickly and should not have been built" at just "541 miles".^[20]

Parts of the Summitville - Kingston division,^[22] ending at Kingston, have become a rail trail. Some of the stations have been converted into residences, including the Alligerville station in High Falls, New York, owned by Gerry Leonard since 2001 and used as a recording studio.^[23] The Starlight station in Wayne County, Pennsylvania was acquired by Buckingham Township and servies as its Municipal Building.

On September 27, 1955, a 50-car O&W train in Hamilton, New York, traveling on a mainline approached a switch set for a siding which led to a coal trestle. Although the engineer fully-applied the brakes, the train continued up the siding at more than 30 miles per hour (48 km/h) and through the trestle. It was learned that the 213-ton EMD FT diesel locomotive at the head of the train "flew" a distance of 150 feet (46 m) beyond the coal trestle from an elevation of 15 feet (4.6 m). Two of the crew were seriously injured, but no crewmen were killed in the wreck.

An investigation by New York state police as to why the switch had been thrown resulted in no arrests. A dinner was later given in honor of the crew, who each received a plaque proclaiming them to be members of the O&W's new "Flying Diesel Corps." Each plaque was topped with a cast presentation model of their F-unit locomotive; the castings were provided by EMD.

One of the freight cars involved in the accident was loaded with chocolate bars from the Nestlé plant in nearby Fulton, New York. It was said that when the younger residents of Hamilton learned of the spilled candy, they raced to collect what they could, and that as a result candy sales in the town were for some time afterward very low.^[24]

When Savannah and Atlanta 750 was restored for excursion service in 1964, it received a new tender and other parts from an ex-NYO&W Y-series 4-8-2 which the S&A had bought in 1945. This engine, the last surviving steam locomotive from the NYO&W, was scrapped afterward.

• O & W Railroad Station at Port Ben

• Ontario and Western at Abandoned Rails
• Ontario and Western Railway Historical Society
• O&W Rail Trail - New York
• NYO&W Timetables and maps