Andhra Pradesh: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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Line 381: The state initiated education reforms in 2020 by creating six types of schools: satellite foundation schools (pre-primary), foundational schools (pre-primary – class II), foundational school plus (pre-primary – class V), pre-high school (class III – class VII/VIII), high school (class III – class X), and high school plus (class III – class XII).{{Sfn|DOP|2023|p=12}} The transition to English-medium education in all government schools was started in the academic year 2020–2021. It is expected to reach completion by 2024–25. Affiliation of 1,000 government schools to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|Central board of secondary education]] in the year 2022–23 was done as an initial step.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=P. |first1=Sujatha Varma |title=New pattern of exam awaits students of CBSE-affiliated government schools in A.P. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/new-pattern-of-exam-awaits-students-of-cbse-affiliated-government-schools-in-ap/article67379529.ece |access-date=19 August 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 October 2023}}</ref> The state government went ahead with the English medium based on the parents survey despite protests and court cases.<ref name="english-medium-roots">{{Cite news |url=https://thefederal.com/states/south/andhra-pradesh/english-medium-schools-andhra-pradesh/ |title=Andhra schools' transition from Telugu to English medium has roots in the far past |date=19 May 2022 |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=The federal |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425120649/https://thefederal.com/states/south/andhra-pradesh/english-medium-schools-andhra-pradesh/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The state initiative is being funded in part by a loan from the World Bank to the tune of $250 million over 2021–2026 through the "Supporting Andhra's learning transformation" project to improve the learning outcomes of children up to class II level.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Program appriasal document -SALT |publisher=World Bank |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/149391624240914510/pdf/India-Supporting-Andhras-Learning-Transformation-Operation-Program-for-Results-Project.pdf |date=20 May 2021 |access-date=25 April 2023 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425120651/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/149391624240914510/pdf/India-Supporting-Andhras-Learning-Transformation-Operation-Program-for-Results-Project.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2023|post=,}} there are 169 government-aided degree colleges and 55 private-aided degree colleges in the state. National assessment and accreditation council grades were awarded to 66 government colleges and 48 private-aided colleges. There are 85 government-aided and 175 private polytechnic colleges with a sanctioned strength of 75,906 students.{{Sfn|DOP|2023|p=13-14}} In the category of technical education, there are 685 institutions offering diploma, under graduate, post graduate courses, with an intake of 299,608.<ref>{{cite book |title=Annual report 2021-22 |date=2022 |publisher=AICTE |location=New Delhi |page=121 |url=https://www.aicte-india.org/sites/default/files/AR/AICTE_Annual%20Report_2022_English.pdf |access-date=26 August 2024}}</ref> The AP state council of higher education organises various entrance tests for different streams and conducts counselling for admissions.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Andhra Pradesh state council of higher education releases schedule of common entrance tests |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-state-council-of-higher-education-releases-schedule-of-common-entrance-tests/article68128933.ece |access-date=22 August 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=1 May 2024}}</ref> The AP state skill development corporation is set up to support skill development and placement for the educated.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Laxmi |first1=Pranathi |title=APSSDC empowers 1.35 lakh youth through skill training |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/241223/apssdc-empowers-135-lakh-youth-through-skill-training.html |access-date=22 August 2024 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=23 December 2023}}</ref> {{As of|2021|post=,}} there are a total of 36 universities: three central universities, 23 state public universities, six state private universities, and four deemed universities.{{Sfn|UGC|2021|p=100}} [[Andhra University|Andhra university]] is the oldest of the universities in the state, established in 1926.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Old-timers recollect glorious days of AU|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/au-old-timers-recollect-glorious-days/article18237557.ece|access-date=2 May 2017|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=14 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214134019/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/au-old-timers-recollect-glorious-days/article18237557.ece|url-access=subscription|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Statistical profile of universities in Andhra Pradesh|url=http://www.apsche.org/apsche/PDF/STATISTICAL%20PROFILE%20OF%20THE%20UNIVERSITIES.pdf|website=Andhra Pradesh State Council of Higher Education|access-date=13 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052107/http://www.apsche.org/apsche/PDF/STATISTICAL%20PROFILE%20OF%20THE%20UNIVERSITIES.pdf|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The government established [[Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid|Rajiv Gandhi university of knowledge technologies]] in 2008 to cater to the education needs of the rural youth of the state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rgukt.in/home-aboutrgukt.html |title=Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies |publisher=Rgukt.in |access-date=8 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007142943/http://www.rgukt.in/home-aboutrgukt.html |archive-date=7 October 2011 }}</ref> NTR University of health sciences oversees medical education in 348 affiliated colleges spanning the entire range from traditional medicine to modern medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hmfw.ap.gov.in/nuhs-org.aspx |title=Dr. N.T.R University of Health Sciences (NUHS) |access-date=9 August 2024 |website=Department of health, medical and family welfare, Government of Andhra Pradesh |archive-date=27 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227135857/http://hmfw.ap.gov.in/nuhs-org.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> The public universities, including the legacy universities such as Andhra, Sri Venkateswara, and Nagarjuna, are suffering from a severe fund crunch and staff shortage, managing with only 20% of sanctioned full-time staff.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/state-run-varsities-slow-descent-into-oblivion/article66917267.ece |title=A.P. Spotlight {{!}} The slow descent of state-run varsities into oblivion in Andhra Pradesh |date=2 June 2023 |access-date=2 June 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]] |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Sumit |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602032058/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/state-run-varsities-slow-descent-into-oblivion/article66917267.ece |url-access=subscription|url-status=live }}</ref> [[Koneru Lakshmaiah College of Engineering|Koneru Lakshmaiah education foundation university]] bagged the 50th rank, while Andhra university bagged the 76th rank in the overall category of India rankings for 2023 as per the national institute ranking framework of the union ministry of education in which 2,478 institutions, including 242 institutions from the state, participated.<ref>{{Cite news |title=NIRF Rankings: only two institutions from Andhra Pradesh figure in top 100 educational institutions |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nirf-rankings-only-two-institutions-from-andhra-pradesh-figure-in-top-100-educational-institutions/article66934394.ece |date=5 June 2023 |access-date=17 June 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=12 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612055947/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nirf-rankings-only-two-institutions-from-andhra-pradesh-figure-in-top-100-educational-institutions/article66934394.ece |url-access=subscription|url-status=live }}</ref> The gross enrolment ratio (GER) in higher education for the age group 18–23 for the state was at 35.2% for the year 2019–20, which comparing favourably with the GER for all of India at 27.1%. With a female GER of 35.3 and a male GER of 38.2, the [[Gender Parity Index|gender parity index]] was 0.84. The corresponding ratio for India was 1.01.{{Sfn|UGC|2021|p=93}}
There were 510 industrial training institutes (ITI) in the year 2020–21 in Andhra Pradesh, with 82 under government management and 417 under private management. The total available seats in 2021 were 93,280, out of which 48.90% were filled. In the year 2020, 10,053 students completed ITI.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Transforming industrial training institutes |publisher=Niti Ayog |year=2023 |pages=30 |language=en |url=https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-02/ITI_Report_02022023.pdf |access-date=17 June 2023 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420214506/https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-02/ITI_Report_02022023.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The state has 2,510 public libraries, including four regional libraries and 13 district central libraries under government management.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Public library system in Andhra Pradesh: An overview |journal=Library Philosophy and Practice |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11045&context=libphilprac |last=B |first=Deenadhayalu |date=5 June 2021 |publisher=University of Nebraska – Lincoln |access-date=19 June 2023 |archive-date=5 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805082011/https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11045&context=libphilprac |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Saraswata Niketanam]] at [[Vetapalem]] in [[Bapatla district]], one of the oldest libraries established under private management in 1918, is losing its attraction as the Internet spreads.<ref>{{Cite news |title=This 100-year-old library loses its patrons as Internet spreads reach |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2018/dec/31/this-100-year-old-library-loses-its-patrons-as-internet-spreads-reach-1918656.html |date=31 December 2018 |access-date=19 June 2023 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619055648/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2018/dec/31/this-100-year-old-library-loses-its-patrons-as-internet-spreads-reach-1918656.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The government is planning to develop digital libraries at the village panchayat level.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Digital libraries yet to materialise despite funding |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/digital-libraries-yet-to-materialise-despite-funding-769781 |date=19 November 2022 |access-date=19 June 2023 |work=[[The Hans India]] |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619053620/https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/digital-libraries-yet-to-materialise-despite-funding-769781 |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||