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===Problems caused by caliche===
Caliche beds can cause problems for agriculture. First, an impermeable caliche layer prevents water from draining properly, which can keep roots from getting enough oxygen. Salts can also build up in the soil due to the lack of drainage. Both of these situations are detrimental to plant growth. Second, the impermeableimpenetrable nature of caliche beds preventsexcludes plant roots from penetrating the bed, whichlimiting limitsplant theaccess supply ofto nutrients, water, and space so they cannot develop normallyanchorage. Third, caliche beds can also cause the surrounding soil to be [[basic (chemistry)|basic]]. The basic soil, along with calcium carbonate from the caliche, can prevent plants from getting enough nutrients, especially [[iron]]. An [[iron deficiency (plant disorder)|iron deficiency]] makes the youngest leaves turn yellow. Soil [[water content|saturation]] above the caliche bed can make the condition worse.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kelly |first1=Jack |last2=Walworth |first2=Jim |title=Managing caliche in the home yard |url=https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/144769/az1281-2002.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |website=Cooperative Extension, The University of Arizona |publisher=College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona |access-date=26 March 2022 |date=March 2002}}</ref> Its hardness can also make digging for projects such as canals more difficult.
==See also==
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