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{{Short description|Flood control measure}}
[[Image:dry pond.jpg|thumb|Detention Basin]]
[[File:Suchý_polder.jpg|thumb|Dry pond on brook to reducing floods, near [[Děčín]], [[Czech Republic]]]]
A '''detention basin''' or '''retarding basin''' is an excavated area installed on, or adjacent to, tributaries of [[river]]s, [[stream]]s, [[lake]]s or [[bay]]s to protect against [[flood]]ing and, in some cases, downstream [[erosion]] by storing water for a limited period of time. These basins are also called "dry ponds", "holding ponds" or "dry detention basins" if no permanent pool of water exists. Some detention ponds are also "wet ponds" in that they are designed to permanently retain some volume of water at all times. In its basic form, a detention basin is used to manage water quantity while having a limited effectiveness in protecting [[water quality]], unless it includes a permanent pool feature.<ref>United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.[http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=browse&Rbutton=detail&bmp=67 "National Menu of Stormwater Best Management Practices."] Fact Sheet: "Dry Detention Ponds."</ref>▼
A '''detention basin''' or '''retarding basin''' is an excavated area installed on, or adjacent to, tributaries of [[river]]s, [[stream]]s, [[lake]]s or [[bay]]s to protect against [[flood]]ing and, in some cases, downstream [[erosion]] by storing water for a limited period of time. These basins are also called '''dry ponds''', '''holding ponds''' or '''dry detention basins''' if no permanent pool of water exists.
▲A '''detention basin''' or '''retarding basin''' is an excavated area installed on, or adjacent to, tributaries of [[river]]s, [[stream]]s, [[lake]]s or [[bay]]s to protect against [[flood]]ing and, in some cases, downstream [[erosion]] by storing water for a limited period of time. These basins are also called "dryDetention ponds", "holding ponds" or "dry detention basins" if no permanent pool of water exists. Some detention ponds are also "wet ponds" in that they are designed to permanently retain some volume of water at all times are called [[retention basin]]s. In its basic form, a detention basin is used to manage water quantity while having a limited effectiveness in protecting [[water quality]], unless it includes a permanent pool feature.<ref>United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.[http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=browse&Rbutton=detail&bmp=67 "National Menu of Stormwater Best Management Practices."] Fact Sheet: "Dry Detention Ponds."</ref>
==Functions and design==
[[File:WidemereDetentionBasin.jpg|thumb|A detention basin in [[Western Sydney]], Australia]]
Detention basins are storm water [[Best management practice for water pollution|best management practices]] (BMPs) that provide general [[Flood control|flood protection ]] and can also control extreme floods such as a 1 in 100-year storm event.<ref>Atlanta Regional Commission. Atlanta, GA. [http://www.georgiastormwater.com/vol2/3-4-1.pdf "Georgia Stormwater Management Manual."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410222514/http://www.georgiastormwater.com/vol2/3-4-1.pdf |date=2008-04-10 }} Section 3.4.1: "Dry Detention / Dry ED Basins." August 2001.</ref> The basins are typically built during the construction of new land development projects including residential subdivisions or shopping centers. The ponds help manage the excess [[urban runoff]] generated by newly constructed [[impervious surface]]s such as [[road]]s, [[parking lot]]s and [[rooftop]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=March 04 |last2=Denchak |first2=2019 Melissa |title=Green Infrastructure: How to Manage Water in a Sustainable Way |url=https://www.nrdc.org/stories/green-infrastructure-how-manage-water-sustainable-way |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=NRDC |language=en}}</ref>
A basin functions by allowing large flows of water to enter but limits the outflow by having a small opening at the lowest point of the structure. The size of this opening is determined by the capacity of underground and downstream [[culvert]]s and [[Arroyo (creek)|washes]] to handle the release of the contained water.<ref>Dykehouse, Terry, P.E. Jones and Edmunds, GainsevilleGainesville, FL.[http://www.florida-stormwater.org/pdfs/pondsarticle.pdf "Retention Ponds and Detention Ponds, The Recovery Process."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410222514/http://www.florida-stormwater.org/pdfs/pondsarticle.pdf |date=2008-04-10 }}</ref>
Frequently the inflow area is constructed to protect the structure from some types of damage. Offset [[concrete]] blocks in the entrance spillways are used to reduce the speed of entering flood water. These structures may also have [[debris]] drop vaults to collect large rocks. These vaults are deep holes under the entrance to the structure. The holes are wide enough to allow large rocks and other debris to fall into the holes before they can damage the rest of the structure. These vaults must be emptied after each storm event.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enviro-Stormwater Management|url=https://www.stormwaterva.com/facilities.html#:~:text=Offset%20concrete%20blocks%20in%20the,vaults%20to%20collect%20large%20rocks.&text=The%20holes%20are%20wide%20enough,the%20rest%20of%20the%20structure.|access-date=2021-08-16|website=www.stormwaterva.com}}</ref>
Research has shown that detention basins built with real-time control of the outflow from the basin are significantly more effective at retaining [[total suspended solids]] and associated contaminants, such as [[Heavy metal (chemistry)|heavy metals]], when compared to basins without control.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ecohydraulic-driven Real-Time Control of Stormwater Basins|url=http://modeleau.fsg.ulaval.ca/fileadmin/modeleau/documents/Publications/pvr862.pdf|work=Universite Laval|accessdate=11 January 2015}}</ref> Through the use of [[internet of things]] technology and [[cloud computing]], one such product to adapt this type of technology is intelligent optimized real time control ([[OptiRTC]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Rainwater Harvesting access- Controls in the Cloud|url=http://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/|work=SmartPlanet|accessdatedate=11 January 2015}}</ref>▼
===New Approaches===
▲Research has shown that detention basins built with real-time control of the outflow from the basin are significantly more effective at retaining [[total suspended solids]] and associated contaminants, such as [[Heavy metal (chemistry)|heavy metals]], when compared to basins without control.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ecohydraulic-driven Real-Time Control of Stormwater Basins|url=http://modeleau.fsg.ulaval.ca/fileadmin/modeleau/documents/Publications/pvr862.pdf|work=Universite Laval|accessdate=11 January 2015}}</ref> Through the use of [[internet of things]] technology and [[cloud computing]], one such product to adapt this type of technology is intelligent optimized real time control ([[OptiRTC]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud|url=http://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/|work=SmartPlanet|accessdate=11 January 2015}}</ref>
==Extended detention basin==
A variant basin design called an '''extended detention dry basin''' can limit downstream erosion and control of some [[water pollution|pollutants]] such as [[suspended solids]]. This basin type differs from a [[retention basin]], also known as a "wet pond," which includes a permanent pool of water, and which is typically designed to protect water quality.<ref name="WEF1">[http://wef.org Water Environment Federation], Alexandria, VA; and [http://www.asce.org American Society of Civil Engineers], Reston, VA. [httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=AdU-VXXV_H0C "Urban Runoff Quality Management."] WEF Manual of Practice No. 23; ASCE Manual and Report on Engineering Practice No. 87. 1998. {{ISBN |1-57278-039-8}}. Chapter 5.</ref><ref>James Worth Bagley College. [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080410222514/http://www.abe.msstate.edu/csd/p-dm/all-chapters/chapter4/chapter4/det-basin.pdf "Detention Basins."] Chapter 4: Best Management Practices. Agricultural and Biological Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.</ref><ref>Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. [http://proteus.pca.state.mn.us/publications/swm-ch5.pdf "Stormwater Detention Ponds."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410222514/http://proteus.pca.state.mn.us/publications/swm-ch5.pdf |date=2008-04-10 }} Chapter 5, Minnesota State Permit Guidance Document.</ref>
<ref>James Worth Bagley College. [http://www.abe.msstate.edu/csd/p-dm/all-chapters/chapter4/chapter4/det-basin.pdf "Detention Basins."] Chapter 4: Best Management Practices. Agricultural and Biological Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.</ref><ref>Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. [http://proteus.pca.state.mn.us/publications/swm-ch5.pdf "Stormwater Detention Ponds."] Chapter 5, Minnesota State Permit Guidance Document.</ref>
While basic detention ponds are oftentypically designed to empty within 6 to 12 hours after a storm, extended detention (ED) dry basins improve on the basic detention design by lengthening the storage time, for example, to 24 or 48 hours. Longer storagedetention timesallows tendfor tomore resultsettling inof improvedsuspended watersolids, qualityresulting becausein higher-quality additional suspended solids are removedwater.<ref name="WEF1" />
==See also==
* [[Best management practice for water pollution]]
* [[RetentionGroundwater basinbanking]]
* [[StreamRetention restorationbasin]]
* [[Stream restoration]]
* [[Sustainable urban drainage systems]]
* [[Sustainable Flood Retention Basin]]
* [[Balancing lake]]
==References==
{{reflistReflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Dry detention basins}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050913174737/http://www.projectbrays.org/detention.html Detention vs. retention] - Project Brays (Harris County, Texas)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080211142350/http://www.novaregion.org/pdf/Maintaining_BMPs.pdf Maintaining Your BMPs: A Guidebook for Private Owners & Operators in Northern Virginia]
{{Rivers, streams and springs}}
{{Stormwater structures}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Environmental engineering]]
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[[Category:Water treatment]]
[[Category:Stormwater management]]
[[Category:Water supply]]
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