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Line 37: {{Oriental Orthodox sidebar}} {{Christianity}} The '''Oriental Orthodox Churches''' are [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern Christian]] churches adhering to [[Miaphysitism|Miaphysite]] [[Christology]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Orthodox Christian Churches|url=https://pluralism.org/orthodox-christian-churches|access-date=2020-11-25|website=pluralism.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Oriental Orthodoxy « Western Prelacy|url=http://westernprelacy.org/en/oriental-orthodox-churches/|access-date=2020-11-25|website=westernprelacy.org}}</ref> with approximately 50 million members worldwide.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lamport |first1=Mark A. |title=Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South |date=2018 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-7157-9 |page=601 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B6xVDwAAQBAJ&q=oriental+orthodox+50+million&pg=PA601 |language=en |quote=Today these churches are also referred to as the Oriental Orthodox Churches and are made up of 50 million Christians.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century |journal=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |date=8 November 2017 |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/11/08/orthodox-christianity-in-the-21st-century/ |quote=Oriental Orthodoxy has separate self-governing jurisdictions in Ethiopia, Egypt, Eritrea, India, Armenia and Syria, and it accounts for roughly 20% of the worldwide Orthodox population.}}</ref> The Oriental Orthodox Churches adhere to the [[Nicene Christianity|Nicene Christian]] tradition. Oriental Orthodoxy is one of the oldest branches in [[Christianity]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.oikoumene.org/en/church-families/orthodox-churches-oriental |title=Orthodox churches (Oriental) — World Council of Churches |website=www.oikoumene.org |language=en}}</ref> As some of the oldest religious institutions in the world, the Oriental Orthodox Churches have played a prominent role in the history and culture of [[Armenia]], [[Egypt]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Nubia#Christian Nubia|Sudan]], [[Western Asia]] and the [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]] region of [[India]]. As [[Autocephaly|autocephalous]] churches, their [[bishop]]s are equal by virtue of [[Consecration#Ordination of bishops|episcopal ordination]]. Their doctrines recognize the validity of only the first three [[ecumenical council]]s.{{sfn|Hindson|Mitchell|2013|p=108}}<ref name=":0" /> The Oriental Orthodox Churches Oriental Orthodox Churches shared [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with the [[State church of the Roman Empire|imperial Roman church]] before the [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451 AD, and with the [[Church of the East]] until the [[Council of Ephesus]] in AD 431, separating primarily over [[Chalcedonian Definition|differences in]] Christology. Line 118: ****[[Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople]] ****[[Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem]] ***[[Holy See of Cilicia]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Member Churches – SCOOCH |url=http://www.scooch.org/member-churches/ |access-date=2022-04-21 |language=en}}</ref> There are a number of churches considered non-canonical, but whose members and clergy may or may not be in communion with the greater Oriental Orthodox communion. Examples include the [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]], the [[Celtic Orthodox Church]], the [[Orthodox Church of the Gauls]], the [[British Orthodox Church]], and the [[Tigrayan Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]. These organizations have passed in and out of official recognition, but members rarely face excommunication when recognition is ended. The primates of these churches are typically referred to as ''[[episcopi vagantes]]'' or ''vagantes'' in short. |