Palestinians: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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In 1919, [[Islam in Palestine|Palestinian Muslims]] and [[Palestinian Christians]] constituted 90 percent of the population of Palestine, just before the [[Third Aliyah|third wave]] of [[Aliyah|Jewish immigration]] and the setting up of British [[Mandatory Palestine]] after [[World War I]].<ref>[[Kathleen Christison]], ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5hesBrK0vbcC&pg=PA32 Perceptions of Palestine: Their Influence on U.S. Middle East Policy]'', University of California Press, 2001 p.32.</ref><ref>Alfred J. Andrea, James H. Overfield, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ISU9AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA437 The Human Record: Sources of Global History, Volume II: Since 1500]'', Cengage Learning, 2011 7th.ed. op,437.</ref> Opposition to Jewish immigration spurred the consolidation of [[Palestinian identity|a unified national identity]], though Palestinian society was still fragmented by regional, class, religious, and family differences.<ref>Rashid Khalidi,[https://books.google.com/books?id=YDPKFyZ38qsC&pg=PA24 pp.24–26]</ref><ref>Paul Scham, Walid Salem, Benjamin Pogrund (eds.), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=c-cviX0c63YC&pg=PA72 Shared Histories: A Palestinian-Israeli Dialogue] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129192547/https://books.google.com/books?id=c-cviX0c63YC&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=29 November 2023 }}'', Left Coast Press, 2005 pp.69–73.</ref> The history of the Palestinian national identity is a disputed issue amongst scholars.<ref name=Likhovski/><ref name=Gelvin2014>{{cite book |last=Gelvin |first=James L. |title=The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDaZAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93 |date=13 January 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-47077-4 |page=93 |quote=Palestinian nationalism emerged during the interwar period in response to Zionist immigration and settlement. The fact that Palestinian nationalism developed later than Zionism and indeed in response to it does not in any way diminish the legitimacy of Palestinian nationalism or make it less valid than Zionism. All nationalisms arise in opposition to some "other". Why else would there be the need to specify who you are? And all nationalisms are defined by what they oppose. As we have seen, Zionism itself arose in reaction to anti-Semitic and exclusionary nationalist movements in Europe. It would be perverse to judge Zionism as somehow less valid than European anti-Semitism or those nationalisms. . . Furthermore, Zionism itself was also defined by its opposition to the indigenous Palestinian inhabitants of the region. Both the "conquest of land" and the "conquest of labor" slogans that became central to the dominant strain of Zionism in the Yishuv originated as a result of the Zionist confrontation with the Palestinian "other". |access-date=29 November 2023 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129192547/https://books.google.com/books?id=GDaZAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> For some, the term "[[Definitions of Palestinian|Palestinian]]" is used to refer to the nationalist concept of a Palestinian people by Palestinian Arabs from the late 19th century and in the pre-World War I period, while others assert the Palestinian identity encompasses the heritage of all eras from [[History of ancient Israel and Judah|biblical times]] up to the [[Ottoman Syria|Ottoman period]].<ref name=palestineeb/><ref name=Lewis>{{cite book |title=Semites and Anti-Semites, An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice |author=Bernard Lewis |publisher=W.W. Norton and Company |year=1999 |page=169 |isbn=978-0-393-31839-5}}</ref><ref name=Khalidip18/> After the [[Israeli Declaration of Independence]], the [[1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight|1948 Palestinian expulsion]], and more so after the [[1967 Palestinian exodus]], the term "Palestinian" evolved into a sense of a shared future in the form of aspirations for a [[History of the State of Palestine|Palestinian state]].<ref name=palestineeb>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Palestine |year=2007 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=29 August 2007 |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/439645/Palestine/45075/The-term-Palestinian |quote=The Arabs of Palestine began widely using the term Palestinian starting in the pre–World War I period to indicate the nationalist concept of a Palestinian people. But after 1948—and even more so after 1967—for Palestinians themselves the term came to signify not only a place of origin but also, more importantly, a sense of a shared past and future in the form of a Palestinian state. |archive-date=10 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210194219/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/439645/Palestine/45075/The-term-Palestinian |url-status=live }}</ref>

Founded in 1964, the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] is an umbrella organization for groups that represent the Palestinian people before international states.<ref name=IMEU>{{cite web |title=Who Represents the Palestinians Officially Before the World Community? |publisher=Institute for Middle East Understanding |year=2007 |access-date=27 July 2007 |url=http://imeu.net/news/article0046.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063651/http://imeu.net/news/article0046.shtml |archive-date=28 September 2007 }}</ref> The [[Palestinian Authority|Palestinian National Authority]], officially established in 1994 as a result of the [[Oslo Accords]], is an interim administrative body nominally responsible for governance in Palestinian population centres in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Palestinian+Authority |title=Palestinian Authority definition |publisher=[[TheFreeDictionary.com]] |access-date=6 December 2013 |archive-date=15 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815084541/https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Palestinian+Authority |url-status=live }}</ref> Since 1978, the [[United Nations]] has observed an annual [[International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People]]. According to British historian [[Perry Anderson]], it is estimated that half of the population in the Palestinian territories are refugees, and that they have collectively suffered approximately US$300&nbsp;billion in property losses due to Israeli confiscations, at 2008–2009 prices.<ref name=Anderson>[[Perry Anderson]], [https://newleftreview.org/II/96/perry-anderson-the-house-of-zion 'The House of Zion'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501112400/https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii96/articles/perry-anderson-the-house-of-zion |date=1 May 2021 }}, [[New Left Review]] 96, November–December 2015 pp. 5–37, p.31 n.55, citing Rex Brynen and Roula E-Rifai (eds.), ''Compensation to Palestinian Refugees and the Search for Palestinian-Israeli Peace,'' London 2013, pp.10,132–69.</ref>

==Etymology==