Productive nanosystems: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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In 2007, '''productive nanosystems''' were defined as functional [[Nanoscopic scale|nanoscale]] [[system]]s that make [[atom]]ically-specified [[Chemical structure|structures]] and [[Machine|devices]] under [[Computer program|programmatic]] control, i.e., performing atomically precise manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Technology Roadmap for Productive Nanosystems |url=https://foresight.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Nanotech_Roadmap_2007_main.pdf}}</ref> As of 2015, such devices were only hypothetical, and productive nanosystems represented a more advanced approach among several to perform Atomically Precise Manufacturing. A workshop on Integrated Nanosystems for Atomically Precise Manufacturing was held by the [[Department of Energy]] in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.energy.gov/eere/amo/downloads/integrated-nanosystems-atomically-precise-manufacturing-workshop-august-5-6-2015|title=Integrated Nanosystems for Atomically Precise Manufacturing Workshop – August 5-6, 2015 {{!}} Department of Energy|website=www.energy.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-06-05}}</ref>

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Present-day technologies are limited in various ways. Large atomically precise structures (that is, virtually defect-free) do not exist. [[Complexity|Complex]] [[Dimension|3D]] nanoscale structures exist in the form of folded linear molecules such as [[DNA origami]] and [[protein]]s. As of 2018, it was also possible to build very small atomically precise structures using [[scanning probe microscopy]] to construct molecules such as FeCO<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12723987|title=Single-Bond Formation and Characterization with a Scanning Tunneling Microscope {{!}} Researchgate|website=www.researchgate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref> and [[Triangulene]], or to perform hydrogen depassivation lithography.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258729167|title=Atomically Precise Manufacturing: The Opportunity, Challenges, and Impact{{!}} Researchgate|website=www.researchgate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-16}}</ref> But it is not yet possible to combine components in a systematic way to build larger, more complex systems.

Principles of physics and examples from nature both suggest that it will be possible to extend atomically precise fabrication to more complex products of larger size, involving a wider range of materials. An example of progress in this direction would be Christian Schafmeister's work on [[bis-peptide]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Request Rejected |url=http://www.chem.pitt.edu/p.php?pid=51&usr_id=654 |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=www.chem.pitt.edu}}</ref>

==Stages of progress in nanotechnology==