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Line 48: It has been suggested that Tamra is identical to Kefar Tamartha, a [[Jews|Jewish]] village mentioned in the [[Talmud]] as the home of 3rd century [[Amoraim|amora]] Rabbi [[Shila of Kefar Tamarta]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rozenfeld |first=Ben Tsiyon |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/695990313 |title=Torah centers and rabbinic activity in Palestine, 70-400 CE : history and geographic distribution |date=2010 |publisher=Brill |others=Chava Cassel |isbn=978-90-474-4073-4 |location=Leiden |pages=40 |oclc=695990313}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Grootkerk |first=Shlomo |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047400271 |title=Ancient Sites in Galilee |date=2000-04-27 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-474-0027-1 |page=175|doi=10.1163/9789047400271 }}</ref> On a hill some 3 km east of Tamra's historical core, lies a ruin called Khirbet et-Tira ("ruin of the castle") or Horbat Tirat Tamra ("Tamra castle ruin"). It was studied by various European and Israeli archeolgists since the 19th century. The site is dated through its finds to the Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Medieval periods.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gunnar Lehmann and Martin Peilstocker |date=2012 |title=Map of Ahihud - Horbat Tirat Tamra 1 (Site 59) |url=https://survey.antiquities.org.il/index_Eng.html#/MapSurvey/12/site/2134 |website=The Archaeological Survey of Israel}}</ref> The site is bisected by [[Highway 70 (Israel)|Highway 70]] and is covered the modern city's agricultural lands.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rafeh Abu Raya |date=17 April 2024 |title=Horbat Tirat Tamra: Final Report |url=https://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/Report_Detail_Eng.aspx?id=26472 |website=Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel}}</ref> A church constructed in Tamra during the Byzantine era. It remained active through the Umayyad and Abbasid periods before it was finally abandoned. An inscription using the hijra calendar discovered on the church's floor can be dated to AD 725.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Di Segni |first1=L. |last2=Tepper |first2=Y. |date=January 2004 |title=A Greek Inscription Dated by the Era of Hegira in an Umayyad Church at Tamra in Eastern Galilee |url=https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/10.1484/J.LA.2.303601 |journal=Liber Annuus |language=it |volume=54 |pages=343–350 |doi=10.1484/J.LA.2.303601 |issn=0081-8933}}</ref> Line 53 ⟶ 55: ===Crusader period=== In the 1253, during the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Crusader period]], [[John Aleman]], [[Lord of Caesarea]], sold several villages, including Tamra, to the [[Knights Hospitaller|Hospitallers]].<ref>Delaville Le Roulx, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/lesarchiveslabib00dela#page/184/mode/1up 184]; cited in Clermont-Ganneau, 1888, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/RecueilDarcheologieOrientaletome1/Recueil_d_archologie_orientale-8#page/n332/mode/1up 309] -310; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n325/mode/1up 319], No. 1210</ref> In 1283 it was mentioned as part of the domain of the Crusaders, according to the ''[[hudna]]'' (temporary [[truce]]) between the Crusaders in [[Acre, Israel|Acre]] and the [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk]] sultan [[Qalawun]].<ref>[[Ahmad al-Qalqashandi|al-Qalqashandi]] version of the ''hudna'', referred in Barag, 1979, p. 204, no. 20</ref> Scholars have suggested that Khirbet et-Tira is to be identified with ''Tatura'', a [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Crusader period]] settlement belonging to the [[Knights Templar|Templar order]]. The name of the ruin might be a corruption of the Arabic toponym "Turat Tamra", from the same period. Excavation at the site revealed remains of Crusader structures destroyed by fire in the 13th century.<ref name=":0" /> === Mamluk period === Line 72 ⟶ 76: ===State of Israel=== Tamra was captured by Israeli forces from the [[Arab Liberation Army]] and the [[Syrian Army]] in [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]] as a part of [[Operation Dekel]]. On 20 May 1948 the civilian population had been evacuated on orders from Arab irregular forces. According to [[Benny Morris]] it was feared that the village would surrender to the [[Yishuv]].<ref>[[Benny Morris|Morris]], 1987, p. 67</ref> The city grew rapidly in the period of Israel's first years as a nation due to the influx of Palestinian [[refugees]] from destroyed nearby villages such as [[al-Birwa]] or [[al-Damun]]. Large percentages of the city's farming land was expropriated by Israeli authorities and allocated to farming cooperatives and nearby Jewish settlement towns such as [[Mitzpe Aviv]]. Tamra achieved local council status in 1956 and was declared a city in 1996. In 2020 the Israeli government approved plans to construct 5,270 housing units in the southern quarter. The plan includes public and transport infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite news |last=ציאון |first=הילה |date=13 December 2020 |title=בהליך מואץ: אושרו תוכניות ל-7,000 דירות חדשות במגזר הערבי |trans-title=In an accelerated procedure: plans for 7,000 new apartments in the Arab sector were approved |url=https://www.ynet.co.il/economy/article/BJQQ2r73w |work=[[Ynet]]}}</ref> The city became famous for its large dairy factory named "Rajeb-Tamra", taking a certain portion of the dairy market in Israel, especially in the Arab sector. | |||