ZMapp

ZMapp is an experimental drug first tested in animals for the Ebola virus. On 4 August 2014 the drug was first tested on humans. It was administered to two Americans who had been infected with Ebola. Both people appeared to have had positive results.^[1][2]

The ZMapp drug is being produced by Mapp Biopharmaceutical Inc. Specialists working on the drug are Larry Zeitlin and Kevin Whaley. The antibody work came out of research projects by the U.S. Army more than a decade ago.

According to the ZMapp information sheet, the drug is composed of three monoclonal antibodies manufactured by the plant Nicotiana. The cocktail combins the best components of MB-003 (Mapp) and ZMAb (Defyrus/PHAC).^[3]

The current process design includes placing the genes for the desired antibodies on a natural tobacco virus. By infection tobacco with the virus, the plant will create antibodies which are then extracted from the tobacco plant. The process takes a couple weeks.^[4]

While it is not yet known if this drug creates a viable cure, both patients who have received these antibodies appear to be improving.^[5]

Case of Eight Monkeys

Four monkeys were infected with Ebola virus and survived after being given the therapy within 24 hours of infection. Also note, two of four other monkeys that starting therapy within 48 hours after infection also survived.^[6]

Case of Dr. Kent Brantly

On July 22 Dr. Brantley woke up with symptoms of a fever. He immediately isolated himself and a rapid field test confirmed that he had become infected with Ebola.

The vials of ZMapp arrived from the United States on July 31. Per instructions the vials were thawed to reach a liquid state.

Brantley began to deteriorate and developed labored breathing. The antibodies were administered through an IV. Within an hour of receiving the medication his condition began to dramatically improve. Previous symptoms including a rash and labored breathing disappeared. The following morning he was able to take a shower on his own before boarding an air ambulance for the United States. Once in the United States's condition continued to improve.^[7]

Case of Nancy Writebol

An aid worker working alongside Dr. Brantley, Nancy Writebol was also infected with Ebola virus at the same time as Dr. Brantley. Her condition was more stable than Dr. Brantley and so she received the second dose of the virus. Her condition also improved before returning to the United States a couple days later.^[8]