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			{{Use British English\|date=November 2023}}

			'''Charles III''' (Charles ❶██████ ❷██████ ❸██████; born 14 November ❹████) is [[King of the United Kingdom]] and the ❺██ other Commonwealth realms.

			Charles was born in ❻██████████ ██████ during the reign of his maternal grandfather, [[King George VI]], and became [[heir apparent]] when his mother, [[Queen Elizabeth II]], acceded to the throne in 1952. He was created [[Prince of Wales]] in 1958 and [[Investiture of Charles, Prince of Wales\|his investiture]] was held in 1969. He was educated at [[Cheam School]] and [[Gordonstoun]], and later spent six months at the [[Timbertop]] campus of [[Geelong Grammar School]] in ❼█████████. After completing a history degree from the University of ❽█ ''(no representative blobs for this one because the likely choices are very limited!)'', Charles served in the [[Royal Air Force]] and the [[Royal Navy]] from 1971 to 1976. In 1981, [[Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer\|he married]] [[Lady Diana Spencer]]. They had two sons, [[William, Prince of Wales\|William]] and [[Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex\|Harry]]. Charles and Diana divorced in ❾████, after they had each engaged in well-publicised extramarital affairs. [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales\|Diana died as a result of injuries sustained in a car crash]] the following year. In 2005, [[Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles\|Charles married]] his long-term partner, [[Camilla Parker Bowles]].

			As heir apparent, Charles undertook official duties and engagements on behalf of his mother. He founded [[the Prince's Trust]] in 1976, sponsored [[the Prince's Charities]], and became patron or president of more than 800 other charities and organisations. He advocated for the conservation of historic buildings and the importance of architecture in society. In that vein, he generated the experimental new town of ❿█████████. An environmentalist, Charles supported [[organic farming]] and action to prevent [[climate change]] during his time as the manager of the [[Duchy of Cornwall]] estates, [[List of awards received by Charles III\|earning him awards and recognition]] as well as criticism; he is also a prominent critic of the adoption of [[genetically modified food]], while his support for [[alternative medicine]] has been criticised. He has [[Bibliography of Charles III\|authored or co-authored 17 books]].

			Charles became king upon [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II\|his mother's death]] on 8 September 2022. At the age of 73, he became the oldest person to accede to the British throne, after having been the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales in British history. [[Coronation of Charles III and Camilla\|His coronation]] took place at [[Westminster Abbey]] on 6 May 2023.<!--Please don't add to the lead, about his health-->{{toc limit\|4}}

			== Early life, family, and education ==
			[[File:Prince Charles Christening Family Portrait.jpg\|thumb\|Christening of Charles (centre, wearing the [[royal christening gown]]) in 1948: (from left to right) his grandfather King George VI; his mother, Princess Elizabeth, holding him; his father, Philip; and his grandmother [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother\|Queen Elizabeth]]\|alt=An infant Charles in a white christening gown with his parents and grandparents]]
			Charles was born at 21:14 ([[GMT]]) on 14 November 1948,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=38455 \|date=15 November 1948 \|page=1}}</ref> during the reign of his maternal grandfather, [[King George VI]], as the first child of [[Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh]] (later Queen Elizabeth II), and [[Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]].{{sfn\|Brandreth\|p=120\|2007}} His parents had three more children, [[Anne, Princess Royal\|Anne]] (born 1950), [[Prince Andrew, Duke of York\|Andrew]] (born 1960) and [[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh\|Edward]] (born 1964). On 15 December 1948, at four weeks old, he was christened ''Charles Philip Arthur George'' in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], [[Geoffrey Fisher]].{{NoteTag\|He was reportedly named "Charles" after his godfather [[Haakon VII of Norway]], who was called "Uncle Charles" by [[Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite book\|page=68\|title=Charles, Prince of Wales\|year=1980\|first=Anthony\|last=Holden\|isbn=9780330261678}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=215550&sek=27262&scope=27248\|title=Close ties through the generations\|date=8 September 2022\|work=The Royal House of Norway\|access-date=23 September 2023\|archive-date=23 September 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923095304/https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=215550&sek=27262&scope=27248\|url-status=live}}</ref>}}{{NoteTag\|Prince Charles's godparents were: the [[George VI\|King of the United Kingdom]] (his maternal grandfather); the [[Haakon VII of Norway\|King of Norway]] (his paternal cousin twice removed and maternal great-great-uncle by marriage, for whom Charles's great-great-uncle the [[Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone\|Earl of Athlone]] stood proxy); [[Mary of Teck\|Queen Mary]] (his maternal great-grandmother); [[Princess Margaret]] (his maternal aunt); [[Prince George of Greece and Denmark]] (his paternal great-uncle, for whom the Duke of Edinburgh stood proxy); the [[Princess Victoria of Hesse and the Rhine\|Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven]] (his paternal great-grandmother); the [[Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma\|Lady Brabourne]] (his cousin); and the Hon [[David Bowes-Lyon]] (his maternal great-uncle).<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Christening of Prince Charles \|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/hrh-the-prince-of-wales-an-exhibition-to-celebrate-his-sixtieth-0/the \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217142032/https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/hrh-the-prince-of-wales-an-exhibition-to-celebrate-his-sixtieth-0/the \|archive-date=17 December 2021 \|access-date=17 December 2021 \|website=Royal Collection Trust}}</ref>}}<ref name="PoWsite">{{Cite web \|title=HRH The Prince of Wales {{!}} Prince of Wales \|url=https://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/biographies/hrh-prince-wales \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409101949/https://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/biographies/hrh-prince-wales \|archive-date=9 April 2023 \|access-date=13 September 2022 \|publisher=Clarence House}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Book of the Baptism Service of Prince Charles \|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/royal-childhood/buckingham-palace/the-book-of-the-baptism-service-of-prince-charles \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420021106/https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/royal-childhood/buckingham-palace/the-book-of-the-baptism-service-of-prince-charles \|archive-date=20 April 2023 \|access-date=25 April 2023 \|website=Royal Collection Trust}}</ref>

			[[Death and state funeral of George VI\|George VI died]] on 6 February 1952 and Charles's mother acceded to the throne as Elizabeth II; Charles immediately became the [[heir apparent]]. Under a charter of [[Edward III]] in 1337, and as the monarch's eldest son, he automatically assumed the traditional titles of [[Duke of Cornwall]] and, in the Scottish peerage, the titles [[Duke of Rothesay]], [[Earl of Carrick]], [[Baron of Renfrew (title)\|Baron of Renfrew]], [[Lord of the Isles]], and [[Prince and Great Steward of Scotland]].{{sfn\|Brandreth\|p=127\|2007}} On 2 June the following year, Charles attended [[Coronation of Elizabeth II\|his mother's coronation]] at [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref>{{Cite news \|title=50 facts about the Queen's Coronation \|publisher=www.royal.uk \|url=https://www.royal.uk/50-facts-about-queens-coronation-0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=3 January 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207234935/https://www.royal.uk/50-facts-about-queens-coronation-0 \|archive-date=7 February 2021}}</ref>

			When Charles turned five, a governess, Catherine Peebles, was appointed to oversee his education at Buckingham Palace.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Gordon \|first1=Peter \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRye55LCNFYC&pg=PA215 \|title=Royal Education: Past, Present, and Future \|last2=Lawton \|first2=Denis \|date=2003 \|publisher=F. Cass \|isbn=978-0-7146-8386-7 \|page=215 \|access-date=18 September 2022 }}</ref> Charles then commenced classes at [[Hill House School]] in west London in November 1956.<ref name="schooling">{{Cite web \|date=26 December 2018 \|title=About the Prince of Wales \|url=https://www.royal.uk/the-prince-of-wales \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509124719/https://www.royal.uk/the-prince-of-wales \|archive-date=9 May 2016 \|publisher=Royal Household}}</ref> He was the first heir apparent to attend school, rather than be educated by a private tutor.<ref name="time 1988">{{Cite magazine \|last1=Johnson \|first1=Bonnie \|last2=Healy \|first2=Laura Sanderson \|last3=Thorpe-Tracey \|first3=Rosemary \|last4=Nolan \|first4=Cathy \|date=25 April 1988 \|title=Growing Up Royal \|url=http://www.time.com/time/daily/special/diana/readingroom/8191/4_25.html \|url-status=dead \|magazine=[[Time (magazine)\|Time]] \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050331004503/http://www.time.com/time/daily/special/diana/readingroom/8191/4_25.html \|archive-date=31 March 2005 \|accessdate=4 June 2009}}</ref> He did not receive preferential treatment from the school's founder and headmaster, [[Stuart Townend (headmaster)\|Stuart Townend]], who advised the Queen to have Charles train in [[Association football\|football]], because the boys were never deferential to anyone on the football field.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=30 October 2002 \|title=Lieutenant Colonel H. Stuart Townend \|work=[[The Times]] \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/lieutenant-colonel-h-stuart-townend-l8pgv825p7r \|url-status=live \|access-date=29 May 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622192950/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/lieutenant-colonel-h-stuart-townend-l8pgv825p7r \|archive-date=22 June 2018}}</ref> Charles subsequently attended two of his father's former schools: [[Cheam School]] in Hampshire,<ref name=debrett/> from 1958,<ref name=schooling/> followed by [[Gordonstoun]], in the north-east of Scotland, beginning classes there in April 1962.<ref name="schooling" />{{sfn\|Brandreth\|p=139\|2007}}
			[[File:Elizabeth, Philip, Charles and Anne.jpg\|thumb\|left\|upright=0.75\|With his parents and sister Anne, October 1957\|alt=A young Prince Charles with his mother, Elizabeth II; his father, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh; and his sister, Princess Anne]]

			In his 1994 authorised biography by [[Jonathan Dimbleby]], Charles's parents were described as physically and emotionally distant and Philip was blamed for his disregard of Charles's sensitive nature, including forcing him to attend Gordonstoun, where he was bullied.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Rocco \|first=Fiammetta \|date=18 October 1994 \|title=Flawed Family: This week the Prince of Wales disclosed still powerful resentments against his mother and father \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/flawed-family-this-week-the-prince-of-wales-disclosed-still-powerful-resentments-against-his-mother-and-father-but-they-also-suffered-in-their-early-years-fiammetta-rocco-delves-into-the-royal-childhoods-that-went-1443791.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216032258/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/flawed-family-this-week-the-prince-of-wales-disclosed-still-powerful-resentments-against-his-mother-and-father-but-they-also-suffered-in-their-early-years-fiammetta-rocco-delves-into-the-royal-childhoods-that-went-1443791.html \|archive-date=16 February 2022 \|access-date=15 February 2022 \|work=[[The Independent (UK)]] \|publisher=Independent Digital News & Media Ltd \|issn=1741-9743 \|oclc=185201487}}</ref> Though Charles reportedly described Gordonstoun, noted for its especially rigorous curriculum, as "[[Colditz Castle\|Colditz]] in [[kilt]]s",<ref name="debrett">{{Cite web \|title=HRH The Prince of Wales \|url=http://www.debretts.com/people/royal-family/royal-portraits/prince-charles.aspx \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704195647/http://www.debretts.com/people/royal-family/royal-portraits/prince-charles.aspx \|archive-date=4 July 2012 \|access-date=27 August 2012 \|publisher=Debrett's}}</ref> he later praised the school, stating it had taught him "a great deal about myself and my own abilities and disabilities". He said in a 1975 interview he was "glad" he had attended Gordonstoun and that the "toughness of the place" was "much exaggerated".<ref name="Colditz_kilts">{{Cite news \|last=Rudgard \|first=Olivia \|date=10 December 2017 \|title=Colditz in kilts? Charles loved it, says old school as Gordonstoun hits back at The Crown \|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/12/10/prince-charles-school-hits-back-crown-colditz-kilts-portrayal \|url-status=live \|access-date=13 December 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620040626/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/12/10/prince-charles-school-hits-back-crown-colditz-kilts-portrayal \|archive-date=20 June 2018}}</ref> In 1966, Charles spent two terms at the [[Timbertop]] campus of [[Geelong Grammar School]] in Victoria, Australia, during which time he visited Papua New Guinea on a school trip with his history tutor, Michael Collins Persse.<ref name="powedu">{{Cite web \|title=The Prince of Wales – Education \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/the-prince-of-wales/biography/education \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113072216/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/the-prince-of-wales/biography/education \|archive-date=13 November 2012 \|access-date=8 December 2012 \|publisher=Clarence House}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|date=9 February 1966 \|title=The New Boy at Timbertop \|volume=33 \|page=7 \|work=[[The Australian Women's Weekly]] \|issue=37 \|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article51384379 \|url-status=live \|access-date=13 January 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401092057/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/51384379 \|archive-date=1 April 2021 \|via=[[National Library of Australia]]}}; {{Cite news \|date=1966 \|title=Timbertop – Prince Charles Australia \|publisher=[[British Pathé]] \|format=Video with audio, 1 min 28 secs \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1AMDaaiHQ4 \|url-status=live \|access-date=12 January 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311031256/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1AMDaaiHQ4 \|archive-date=11 March 2021 \|via=YouTube}}</ref> In 1973, Charles described his time at Timbertop as the most enjoyable part of his whole education.<ref>{{Cite news \|work=Australian Associated Press \|date=31 January 1973 \|title=Prince had happy time at Timbertop \|volume=47 \|page=11 \|publisher=[[The Canberra Times]] \|issue=13,346 \|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110705075 \|url-status=live \|access-date=13 January 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401092105/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110705075 \|archive-date=1 April 2021 \|via=[[National Library of Australia]]}}</ref> Upon his return to Gordonstoun, he emulated his father in becoming [[head boy]], and left in 1967 with six [[GCE O-levels]] and two [[A-level]]s in history and French, at grades B and C respectively.<ref name=powedu/>{{sfn\|Brandreth\|p=145\|2007}} On his education, Charles later remarked, "I didn't enjoy school as much as I might have; but, that was only because I'm happier at home than anywhere else".<ref name=Colditz_kilts/>

			Charles broke royal tradition when he proceeded straight to university after his A-levels, rather than joining the [[British Armed Forces]].<ref name=debrett/> In October 1967, he was admitted to [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], where he studied [[archaeology]] and [[anthropology]] for the first part of the [[Tripos]] and then switched to [[Faculty of History, University of Cambridge\|history]] for the second part.<ref name=PoWsite/><ref name=powedu/><ref>{{Harvnb\|Brandreth\|p=151\|2007}}</ref> During his second year, he attended the [[University College of Wales]] in [[Aberystwyth]], studying [[Welsh history]] and the [[Welsh language]] for one term.<ref name=powedu/> Charles became the first British heir apparent to earn a university degree, graduating in June 1970 from the [[University of Cambridge]] with a [[British undergraduate degree classification\|2:2]] Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree.<ref name=powedu/><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Holland \|first=Fiona \|date=10 September 2022 \|title=God Save The King! \|url=https://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/news/god-save-the-king \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914213129/https://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/news/god-save-the-king \|archive-date=14 September 2022 \|access-date=14 September 2022 \|website=Trinity College Cambridge}}</ref> Following standard practice, in August 1975, his Bachelor of Arts was promoted to a [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)\|Master of Arts]] (MA Cantab) degree.<ref name=powedu/>

			== Prince of Wales ==
			Charles was created [[Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]] on 26 July 1958,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=41460 \|page=4733 \|date=29 July 1958}}; {{Cite web \|title=The Prince of Wales – Previous Princes of Wales \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/abouttheprince/previousprincesofwales \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011215745/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/abouttheprince/previousprincesofwales \|archive-date=11 October 2008 \|access-date=12 October 2008 \|publisher=Prince of Wales}}</ref> though [[Investiture of Charles, Prince of Wales\|his investiture]] was not held until 1 July 1969, when he was crowned by his mother in a televised ceremony held at [[Caernarfon Castle]];<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Prince of Wales – Investiture \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/biography/investiture \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020021713/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/biography/investiture \|archive-date=20 October 2008 \|access-date=12 October 2008 \|publisher=Clarence House}}</ref> the [[Controversy of the Prince of Wales title\|investiture was controversial]] in Wales owing to growing [[Welsh nationalist]] sentiment.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Jones \|first=Craig Owen \|url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/songs-of-malice-and-spite-wales-prince-charles-and-an-anti.pdf?c=mp;idno=9460447.0007.203;format=pdf \|title="Songs of Malice and Spite"?: Wales, Prince Charles, and an Anti-Investiture Ballad of Dafydd Iwan \|publisher=[[Michigan Publishing]] \|year=2013 \|edition=7th \|pages=1 \|access-date=8 May 2023 \|archive-date=22 December 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222061102/https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/songs-of-malice-and-spite-wales-prince-charles-and-an-anti.pdf?c=mp;idno=9460447.0007.203;format=pdf \|url-status=live }}</ref> He [[Introduction (House of Lords)\|took his seat]] in the [[House of Lords]] the following year<ref>{{Cite web \|date=11 February 1970 \|title=H.R.H. The Prince of Wales Introduced \|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1970/feb/11/hrh-the-prince-of-wales-introduced \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019025738/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1970/feb/11/hrh-the-prince-of-wales-introduced \|archive-date=19 October 2020 \|access-date=16 October 2019 \|website=Hansard \|page=HL Deb vol 307 c871 \|no-pp=y}}; {{cite web \|title=The Prince of Wales – Biography \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/the-prince-of-wales/biography \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109142006/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/the-prince-of-wales/biography \|archive-date=9 November 2012 \|access-date=12 October 2008 \|publisher=Prince of Wales}}</ref> and he delivered his maiden speech on 13 June 1974,<ref>{{Cite web \|date=13 June 1974 \|title=Sport and Leisure \|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1974/jun/13/sport-and-leisure#S5LV0352P0-01354 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018220808/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1974/jun/13/sport-and-leisure#S5LV0352P0-01354 \|archive-date=18 October 2020 \|access-date=16 October 2019 \|website=Hansard \|page=HL Deb vol 352 cc624–630 \|no-pp=y}}</ref> the first royal to speak from the floor since the future [[Edward VII]] in 1884.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Shuster \|first=Alvin \|date=14 June 1974 \|title=Prince Charles Speaks in Lords \|work=[[The New York Times]] \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/06/14/archives/prince-charles-speaks-in-lords-prince-charles-speaks-in-lords-with.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=12 June 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429033659/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/06/14/archives/prince-charles-speaks-in-lords-prince-charles-speaks-in-lords-with.html \|archive-date=29 April 2020 \|issn=0362-4331 \|oclc=1645522}}</ref> He spoke again in 1975.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=25 June 1975 \|title=Voluntary Service in the Community \|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1975/jun/25/voluntary-service-in-the-community-1#S5LV0361P0-04601 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727203121/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1975/jun/25/voluntary-service-in-the-community-1#S5LV0361P0-04601 \|archive-date=27 July 2020 \|access-date=16 October 2019 \|website=Hansard \|page=HL Deb vol 361 cc1418–1423 \|no-pp=y}}</ref>

			Charles began to take on more public duties, founding [[the Prince's Trust]] in 1976<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Prince's Trust \|url=http://princescharities.org/princes-trust \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921102217/http://princescharities.org/princes-trust \|archive-date=21 September 2008 \|access-date=12 October 2008 \|publisher=The Prince's Charities}}</ref> and travelling to the United States in 1981.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Ferretti \|first=Fred \|date=18 June 1981 \|title=Prince Charles pays a quick visit to city \|work=[[The New York Times]] \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/18/nyregion/prince-charles-pays-a-quick-visit-to-city.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=22 August 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429033701/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/18/nyregion/prince-charles-pays-a-quick-visit-to-city.html \|archive-date=29 April 2020 \|oclc=1645522}}</ref> In the mid-1970s, he expressed an interest in serving as [[governor-general of Australia]], at the suggestion of Australian prime minister [[Malcolm Fraser]]; however, because of a lack of public enthusiasm, nothing came of the proposal.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Daley \|first=Paul \|date=9 November 2015 \|title=Long to reign over Aus? Prince Charles and Australia go way back \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/nov/09/long-to-reign-over-aus-prince-charles-and-australia-go-way-back \|url-status=live \|access-date=13 June 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613085229/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/nov/09/long-to-reign-over-aus-prince-charles-and-australia-go-way-back \|archive-date=13 June 2018}}</ref> In reaction, Charles commented, "so, what are you supposed to think when you are prepared to do something to help and you are just told you're not wanted?"<ref>{{Cite news \|author=David Murray \|date=24 November 2009 \|title=Next governor-general could be Prince Harry, William \|work=The Australian \|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/next-governor-general-could-be-prince-harry-william/news-story/43d5a6aa26f65e692ca31062ba9202ba \|url-status=live \|access-date=12 June 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429033659/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/next-governor-general-could-be-prince-harry-william/news-story/43d5a6aa26f65e692ca31062ba9202ba?nk=79072f8c83515c42c53f132c2debb7a3-1588131419 \|archive-date=29 April 2020}}</ref>

			===Military training and career===
			Charles served in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Royal Navy. During his second year at Cambridge, he received Royal Air Force training, learning to fly the [[De Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk\|Chipmunk]] aircraft with the [[Cambridge University Air Squadron]],<ref>{{Harvnb\|Brandreth\|pp=169–170\|2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=Military Career of the Prince of Wales \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/the-prince-of-wales/biography/military-career#na \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514194400/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/the-prince-of-wales/biography/military-career#na \|archive-date=14 May 2013 \|access-date=19 April 2013 \|publisher=Prince of Wales}}</ref> and was presented with his [[Aircrew brevet\|RAF wings]] in August 1971.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Prince Charles after receiving his wings 20 August 1971 \|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/2814155/prince-charles-after-receiving-his-wings \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005223308/https://www.rct.uk/collection/2814155/prince-charles-after-receiving-his-wings \|archive-date=5 October 2022 \|access-date=5 October 2022 \|website=Royal Collection Trust}}; {{cite web\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-53435538\|title=Prince Charles attends RAF Cranwell ceremony\|work=BBC News\|date=16 July 2020\|accessdate=5 October 2022\|archive-date=5 October 2022\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005223308/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-53435538\|url-status=live}}</ref>
			[[File:County class, 1970 (IWM).jpg\|thumb\|(Front to back) {{HMS\|Norfolk\|D21\|6}}, {{HMS\|London\|D16\|2}}, and {{HMS\|Antrim\|D18\|2}} in the [[English Channel]] following joint exercises with the RAF in December 1971. Charles was serving aboard the ''Norfolk'' at this time.\|alt=Three county-class destroyers sailing in the English Channel]]

			After the [[Passing out parade\|passing-out parade]] that September, Charles embarked on a naval career and enrolled in a six-week course at the [[Britannia Royal Naval College\|Royal Naval College Dartmouth]]. He then served from 1971 to 1972 on the guided-missile destroyer {{HMS\|Norfolk\|D21\|6}} and the frigates {{HMS\|Minerva\|F45\|6}}, from 1972 to 1973, and {{HMS\|Jupiter\|F60\|6}} in 1974. That same year, he also qualified as a helicopter pilot at [[RNAS Yeovilton]] and subsequently joined [[845 Naval Air Squadron]], operating from {{HMS\|Hermes\|R12\|6}}.{{Sfn\|Brandreth\|p=170\|2007}} Charles spent his last 10 months of active service in the Navy commanding the coastal minehunter {{HMS\|Bronington\|M1115\|6}}, beginning on 9 February 1976.{{sfn\|Brandreth\|p=170\|2007}} He took part in a parachute training course at [[RAF Brize Norton]] two years later, after being appointed colonel-in-chief of the [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)\|Parachute Regiment]] in 1977.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=15 July 2021 \|title=Prince Charles: Video shows 'upside down' parachute jump \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-dorset-57852894 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008065553/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-dorset-57852894 \|archive-date=8 October 2022 \|access-date=5 October 2022 \|website=BBC News}}</ref> Charles gave up flying after crash-landing a [[BAe 146]] in [[Islay]] in 1994, as a passenger who was invited to fly the aircraft; the crew was found negligent by a board of inquiry.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Occurrence # 187927 \|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=187927 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027130641/https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=187927 \|archive-date=27 October 2017 \|access-date=3 May 2023 \|publisher=Flight Safety Foundation}}; {{Cite news \|last=Boggan \|first=Steve \|date=20 July 1995 \|title=Prince gives up flying royal aircraft after Hebrides crash \|work=The Independent (UK) \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/prince-gives-up-flying-royal-aircraft-after-hebrides-crash-1592247.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324085302/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/prince-gives-up-flying-royal-aircraft-after-hebrides-crash-1592247.html \|archive-date=24 March 2017}}</ref>

			===Relationships and marriages===
			====Bachelorhood====
			In his youth, Charles was amorously linked to a number of women. His girlfriends included Georgiana Russell, the daughter of [[Sir John Russell]], who was the [[British ambassador to Spain]];{{sfn\|Brandreth\|p=192\|2007}} [[Lady Jane Wellesley]], the daughter of the [[8th Duke of Wellington]];{{sfn\|Brandreth\|p=193\|2007}} Davina Sheffield;{{sfn\|Brandreth\|p=194\|2007}} [[Lady Sarah Spencer]];{{sfn\|Brandreth\|p=195\|2007}} and [[Camilla Shand]], who later became his second wife.{{sfn\|Brandreth\|pp=15–17, 178\|2007}}
			[[File:HRH Prince Charles Allan Warren.jpg\|thumb\|upright=0.75\|Photograph by [[Allan Warren]], 1972\|alt=Portrait of Charles seated]]

			Charles's great-uncle [[Lord Mountbatten]] advised him to "sow his wild oats and have as many affairs as he can before settling down", but, for a wife, he "should choose a suitable, attractive, and sweet-charactered girl before she has met anyone else she might fall for ... It is disturbing for women to have experiences if they have to remain on a pedestal after marriage".{{sfn\|Junor\|p=72\|2005}} Early in 1974, Mountbatten began corresponding with 25-year-old Charles about a potential marriage to [[Amanda Knatchbull]], Mountbatten's granddaughter.<ref>{{Harvnb\|Dimbleby\|pp=204–206\|1994}}; {{Harvnb\|Brandreth\|p=200\|2007}}</ref> Charles wrote to Amanda's mother, [[Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma\|Lady Brabourne]], who was also his godmother, expressing interest in her daughter. Lady Brabourne replied approvingly, but suggested that a courtship with a 16-year-old was premature.{{sfn\|Dimbleby\|p=263\|1994}} Four years later, Mountbatten arranged for Amanda and himself to accompany Charles on his 1980 visit to India. Both fathers, however, objected; Prince Philip feared that his famous uncle{{NoteTag\|Mountbatten had served as the last British [[viceroy]] and first [[governor-general of India]].}} would eclipse Charles, while [[John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne\|Lord Brabourne]] warned that a joint visit would concentrate media attention on the cousins before they could decide on becoming a couple.{{sfn\|Dimbleby\|pp=263–265\|1994}}

			In August 1979, before Charles would depart alone for India, Mountbatten was [[Assassination of Louis Mountbatten\|assassinated by the Irish Republican Army]]. When Charles returned, he proposed to Amanda.<!--Brandreth p 202 says Charles proposed two weeks before the assassination and that Amanda turned him down then, before Mountbatten's death--> But in addition to her grandfather, she had lost her [[Doreen Knatchbull, Baroness Brabourne\|paternal grandmother]] and [[Nicholas Knatchbull\|youngest brother]] in the bomb attack and was now reluctant to join the royal family.{{sfn\|Dimbleby\|pp=263–265\|1994}}

			====Lady Diana Spencer====
			{{Main\|Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer}}
			[[File:Charles and Di. Uluru. March 83.JPG\|thumb\|upright=0.75\|With Diana during their visit to [[Uluru]] in Australia, March 1983]]

			Charles first met [[Lady Diana Spencer]] in 1977, while he was visiting her home, [[Althorp]]. He was then the companion of her elder sister Sarah and did not consider Diana romantically until mid-1980. While Charles and Diana were sitting together on a bale of hay at a friend's barbecue in July, she mentioned that he had looked forlorn and in need of care at the funeral of his great-uncle Lord Mountbatten. Soon, according to Dimbleby, "without any apparent surge in feeling, he began to think seriously of her as a potential bride" and she accompanied Charles on visits to [[Balmoral Castle]] and [[Sandringham House]].{{sfn\|Dimbleby\|p=279\|1994}}

			Charles's cousin [[Norton Knatchbull, 8th Baron Brabourne\|Norton Knatchbull]] and his wife told Charles that Diana appeared awestruck by his position and that he did not seem to be in love with her.{{sfn\|Dimbleby\|pp=280–282\|1994}} Meanwhile, the couple's continuing courtship attracted intense attention from the press and paparazzi. When Philip told him that the media speculation would injure Diana's reputation if Charles did not come to a decision about marrying her soon, and realising that she was a suitable royal bride (according to Mountbatten's criteria), Charles construed his father's advice as a warning to proceed without further delay.{{sfn\|Dimbleby\|pp=281–283\|1994}} He proposed to Diana in February 1981, with their engagement becoming official on 24 February; the wedding took place in [[St Paul's Cathedral]] on 29 July. Upon his marriage, Charles reduced his voluntary tax contribution from the profits of the Duchy of Cornwall from 50 per cent to 25 per cent.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=13 July 2009 \|title=Royally Minted: What we give them and how they spend it \|volume=138 \|work=[[New Statesman]] \|issue=4956–4968 \|location=London \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VPdNAQAAIAAJ \|access-date=7 May 2023 \|url-status=live }}</ref> The couple lived at [[Kensington Palace]] and [[Highgrove House]], near [[Tetbury]], and had two children: [[Prince William\|William]], in 1982, and [[Prince Harry\|Harry]], in 1984.<ref name="time 1988"/>[[File:Royal Visit of Prince Charles and Princess Diana to Edmonton, Alberta - Prince Charles speaking at the Alberta Legislature, 30 June 1983 - 52679621118.jpg\|thumb\|left\|With Diana at the [[Alberta Legislature Building]] in Edmonton, Canada, June 1983\|alt=Charles giving a speech at a podium, with Diana standing to his right]]

			Within five years, the marriage was in trouble due to the couple's incompatibility and near 13-year age difference.{{sfn\|Brown\|p=720\|2007}}{{sfn\|Smith\|p=561\|2000}} By November 1986, Charles had fully resumed his affair with Camilla Parker Bowles.<ref name="RadioTimes01">{{Cite web \|last=Griffiths \|first=Eleanor Bley \|date=1 January 2020 \|title=The truth behind Charles and Camilla's affair storyline in The Crown \|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/drama/the-crown-charles-affair-camilla-cheating \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908213027/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/drama/the-crown-charles-affair-camilla-cheating \|archive-date=8 September 2022 \|access-date=9 September 2022 \|publisher=Radio Times}}</ref> In a videotape recorded by [[Peter Settelen]] in 1992, Diana admitted that she had been "deeply in love with someone who worked in this environment."<ref>{{Cite news \|date=7 December 2004 \|title=Diana 'wanted to live with guard' \|work=BBC News \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4074545.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=31 July 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731164728/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4074545.stm \|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph_12Dec2004">{{Cite news \|last=Langley \|first=William \|date=12 December 2004 \|title=The Mannakee file \|work=The Daily Telegraph \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1478804/The-Mannakee-file.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=31 July 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731210646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1478804/The-Mannakee-file.html \|archive-date=31 July 2017}}</ref> It was assumed that she was referring to [[Barry Mannakee]],<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Lawson \|first=Mark \|date=7 August 2017 \|title=Diana: In Her Own Words – admirers have nothing to fear from the Channel 4 tapes \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/aug/06/diana-in-her-own-words-burnishes-rather-than-tarnishes-her-image \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920223352/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/aug/06/diana-in-her-own-words-burnishes-rather-than-tarnishes-her-image \|archive-date=20 September 2017 \|access-date=22 October 2017 \|website=The Guardian}}</ref> who had been transferred to the Diplomatic Protection Squad in 1986, after his managers determined his relationship with Diana had been inappropriate.<ref name="Telegraph_12Dec2004"/><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Milmo \|first=Cahal \|date=8 December 2004 \|title=Conspiracy theorists feast on inquiry into death of Diana's minder \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/conspiracy-theorists-feast-on-inquiry-into-death-of-dianas-minder-8002517.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801031824/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/conspiracy-theorists-feast-on-inquiry-into-death-of-dianas-minder-8002517.html \|archive-date=1 August 2017 \|access-date=31 July 2017 \|work=The Independent (UK) \|publisher=Independent Digital News & Media Ltd \|issn=1741-9743 \|oclc=185201487}}</ref> Diana later commenced a relationship with Major [[James Hewitt]], the family's former riding instructor.<ref>{{Cite news\|last=Duboff \|first=Josh \|date=13 March 2017 \|title=Princess Diana's Former Lover Maintains He Is Not Prince Harry's Father \|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/03/james-hewitt-prince-harry-father-princess-diana \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626210124/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/03/james-hewitt-prince-harry-father-princess-diana \|archive-date=26 June 2019 \|access-date=25 November 2018 \|magazine=Vanity Fair}}</ref>

			Charles and Diana's evident discomfort in each other's company led to them being dubbed "[[Take It from Here#The Glums\|The Glums]]" by the press.<ref name="Quest">{{Cite web \|last=Quest \|first=Richard \|date=3 June 2002 \|title=Royals, Part 3: Troubled times \|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/05/29/people.royals.3 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715061326/http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/05/29/people.royals.3 \|archive-date=15 July 2016 \|access-date=22 January 2023 \|publisher=CNN}}</ref> Diana exposed Charles's affair with Parker Bowles in a book by Andrew Morton, ''[[Diana: Her True Story (book)\|Diana: Her True Story]]''. Audio tapes of [[Squidgygate\|her own extramarital flirtations]] also surfaced,<ref name=Quest/> as did persistent suggestions that Hewitt is Prince Harry's father, based on a physical similarity between Hewitt and Harry. However, Harry had already been born by the time Diana's affair with Hewitt began.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=21 September 2002 \|title=Hewitt denies Prince Harry link \|work=[[BBC News]] \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2273498.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=24 April 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215161416/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2273498.stm \|archive-date=15 February 2009}}</ref>

			In December 1992, [[John Major]] announced the couple's legal separation in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom\|House of Commons]]. Early the following year, the British press published transcripts of a passionate, bugged telephone conversation between Charles and Parker Bowles that had taken place in 1989, which was dubbed "[[Camillagate]]" and "Tampongate".<ref>{{Cite web \|date=18 December 1989 \|title=The Camillagate Tapes \|url=http://www.textfiles.com/phreak/camilla.txt \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701002359/http://www.textfiles.com/phreak/camilla.txt \|archive-date=1 July 2010 \|website=Textfiles.com \|series=Phone Phreaking \|type=phone transcript}}; {{Cite news \|date=29 November 2006 \|title=Royals caught out by interceptions \|work=BBC News \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5258604.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=27 April 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828024600/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5258604.stm \|archive-date=28 August 2017 }}; {{Cite magazine \|last=Dockterman \|first=Eliana \|date=9 November 2022 \|title=The True Story Behind Charles and Camilla's Phone Sex Leak on The Crown \|url=https://time.com/6226657/crown-charles-camilla-tampongate \|access-date=17 November 2022 \|magazine=Time \|archive-date=16 November 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116194130/https://time.com/6226657/crown-charles-camilla-tampongate \|url-status=live }}</ref> Charles subsequently sought public understanding in a television film with Dimbleby, ''[[Charles: The Private Man, the Public Role]]'', broadcast in June 1994. In an interview in the film, Charles confirmed his own extramarital affair with Parker Bowles, saying that he had rekindled their association in 1986, only after his marriage to Diana had "irretrievably broken down".<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Princess and the Press \|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/royals/etc/cron.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310043520/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/royals/etc/cron.html \|archive-date=10 March 2017 \|access-date=7 January 2017 \|website=PBS}}; {{Cite news \|date=6 April 2005 \|title=Timeline: Charles and Camilla's romance \|work=BBC \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4410551.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=7 January 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202161625/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4410551.stm \|archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>{{sfn\|Dimbleby\|p=395\|1994}} This was followed by Diana's own admission of marital troubles in [[An Interview with HRH The Princess of Wales\|an interview]] on the [[BBC]] current affairs show ''[[Panorama (British TV programme)\|Panorama]]'', broadcast in November 1995.<ref>{{Cite news \|title=1995: Diana admits adultery in TV interview \|publisher=BBC News \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/20/newsid_4341000/4341436.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=1 August 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126055307/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/20/newsid_4341000/4341436.stm \|archive-date=26 January 2021}}</ref> Referring to Charles's relationship with Parker Bowles, she said, "well, there were three of us in this marriage. So, it was a bit crowded." She also expressed doubt about her husband's suitability for kingship.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=20 November 1995 \|title=The Panorama Interview with the Princess of Wales \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/diana/panorama.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=8 January 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304163240/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/diana/panorama.html \|archive-date=4 March 2011}}</ref> Charles and Diana divorced on 28 August ❾████, after being advised by the Queen to end the marriage. The couple shared custody of their children.

			Diana was [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales\|killed in a car crash]] in Paris on 31 August 1997. Charles flew to Paris with Diana's sisters to accompany her body back to Britain.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Whitney \|first=Craig R. \|date=31 August 1997 \|title=Prince Charles Arrives in Paris to Take Diana's Body Home \|work=[[The New York Times]] \|url=http://partners.nytimes.com/library/world/diana/uk-diana-crash-updated.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=5 May 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206170457/http://partners.nytimes.com/library/world/diana/uk-diana-crash-updated.html \|archive-date=6 December 2013 \|oclc=1645522}}</ref> In 2003, Diana's butler [[Paul Burrell]] published a note that he claimed had been written by Diana in 1995, in which there were allegations that Charles was "planning 'an accident' in [Diana's] car, brake failure and serious head injury", so that he could remarry.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=20 October 2003 \|title=Diana letter 'warned of car plot' \|publisher=CNN \|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/10/20/diana.letter \|url-status=dead \|accessdate=14 April 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031212002303/http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/10/20/diana.letter \|archive-date=12 December 2003}}; {{Cite news \|last=Eleftheriou-Smith \|first=Loulla-Mae \|date=30 August 2017 \|title=Princess Diana letter claims Prince Charles was 'planning an accident' in her car just 10 months before fatal crash \|work=The Independent (UK) \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/princess-diana-death-letter-prince-charles-accident-plan-car-paris-tunnel-crash-10-months-a7918671.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=14 April 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012172116/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/princess-diana-death-letter-prince-charles-accident-plan-car-paris-tunnel-crash-10-months-a7918671.html \|archive-date=12 October 2019}}; {{Cite web \|last=Rayner \|first=Gordon \|date=20 December 2007 \|title=Princess Diana letter: 'Charles plans to kill me' \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1573170/Princess-Diana-letter-Charles-plans-to-kill-me.html \|url-access=subscription \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1573170/Princess-Diana-letter-Charles-plans-to-kill-me.html \|archive-date=10 January 2022 \|access-date=28 November 2020 \|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> When questioned by the [[Metropolitan Police]] inquiry team as a part of [[Operation Paget]], Charles told the authorities that he did not know about his former wife's note from 1995 and could not understand why she had those feelings.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Badshah \|first=Nadeem \|date=19 June 2021 \|title=Police interviewed Prince Charles over 'plot to kill Diana' \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jun/19/former-met-chief-interviewed-prince-charles-over-alleged-plot-to-kill-diana \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619105520/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jun/19/former-met-chief-interviewed-prince-charles-over-alleged-plot-to-kill-diana \|archive-date=19 June 2021 \|access-date=8 September 2021 \|work=The Guardian}}</ref>

			====Camilla Parker Bowles====
			{{Main\|Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles}}
			[[File:Charles Camilla Jamaica 2008.jpg\|thumb\|upright=0.75\|With Camilla in Jamaica, March 2008\|alt=Charles and Camilla stand next to each other.]]

			The engagement of the Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles was announced on 10 February 2005.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=9 April 2012 \|title=Profile: Duchess of Cornwall \|publisher=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-17655725 \|url-status=live \|access-date=3 May 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503190714/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-17655725 \|archive-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> <!--he presented her with an engagement ring that had belonged to his grandmother [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]].--> The Queen's consent to the marriage{{snd}}as required by the [[Royal Marriages Act 1772]]{{snd}}was recorded in a [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council\|Privy Council]] meeting on 2 March.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2 March 2005 \|title=Order in Council \|url=http://www.privy-council.org.uk/output/Page496.asp \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101103140224/http://www.privy-council.org.uk/output/Page496.asp \|archive-date=3 November 2010 \|access-date=20 February 2012 \|publisher=The National Archives}}</ref> In Canada, the [[Department of Justice (Canada)\|Department of Justice]] determined the consent of the [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada]] was not required, as the union would not produce any heirs to the [[Canadian throne]].<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Valpy \|first=Michael \|author-link=Michael Valpy \|date=2 November 2005 \|title=Scholars scurry to find implications of royal wedding \|work=The Globe and Mail \|location=Toronto \|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/scholars-scurry-to-find-implications-of-royal-wedding/article18215344 \|url-status=live \|access-date=4 March 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727201657/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/scholars-scurry-to-find-implications-of-royal-wedding/article18215344 \|archive-date=27 July 2020}}</ref>

			Charles was the only member of the royal family to have a [[civil marriage\|civil]], rather than a church, wedding in England. British government documents from the 1950s and 1960s, published by the BBC, stated that such a marriage was illegal; these claims were dismissed by Charles's spokesman<ref>{{Cite news \|date=14 February 2005 \|title=Panorama Lawful impediment? \|work=BBC News \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/panorama/4262963.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=25 February 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929214358/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/panorama/4262963.stm \|archive-date=29 September 2009}}</ref> and explained by the sitting government to have been repealed by the Registration Service Act 1953.<ref>{{Cite web \|author=The Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs and Lord Chancellor (Lord Falconer of Thoroton) \|date=24 February 2005 \|title=Royal Marriage; Lords Hansard Written Statements 24 Feb 2005 : Column WS87 (50224-51) \|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200405/ldhansrd/vo050224/text/50224-51.htm#50224-51_head0 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402152718/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200405/ldhansrd/vo050224/text/50224-51.htm#50224-51_head0 \|archive-date=2 April 2015 \|access-date=12 October 2008 \|publisher=Publications.parliament.uk}}</ref>

			The union was scheduled to take place in a civil ceremony at [[Windsor Castle]], with a subsequent religious blessing at the castle's [[St George's Chapel]]. The wedding venue was changed to [[Windsor Guildhall]] after it was realised a civil marriage at Windsor Castle would oblige the venue to be available to anyone who wished to be married there. Four days before the event, it was postponed from the originally scheduled date of 8 April until the following day in order to allow Charles and some of the invited dignitaries to attend the [[funeral of Pope John Paul II]].<ref>{{Cite news \|date=4 April 2005 \|title=Pope funeral delays royal wedding \|work=BBC News \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4409507.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=22 August 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020183050/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4409507.stm \|archive-date=20 October 2013}}</ref>

			Charles's parents did not attend the marriage ceremony; the Queen's reluctance to attend possibly arose from her position as [[Supreme Governor of the Church of England]].<ref>{{Cite news \|date=23 February 2005 \|title=Q&A: Queen's wedding decision \|work=BBC News \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4289417.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=17 September 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111223817/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4289417.stm \|archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh did attend the [[service of worship\|service]] of [[blessing]] and held a reception for the newlyweds at Windsor Castle.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=9 April 2005 \|title=Charles And Camilla Finally Wed, After 30 Years Of Waiting, Prince Charles Weds His True Love \|publisher=[[CBS News]] \|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/04/09/world/main686994.shtml \|url-status=live \|access-date=12 October 2008 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112201734/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/04/09/world/main686994.shtml \|archive-date=12 November 2010}}</ref> The blessing by Archbishop of Canterbury [[Rowan Williams]] was televised.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Oliver \|first=Mark \|date=9 April 2005 \|title=Charles and Camilla wed \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/apr/09/monarchy.markoliver \|url-status=live \|access-date=22 August 2013 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130822181532/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/apr/09/monarchy.markoliver \|archive-date=22 August 2013}}</ref>

			=== Official duties ===
			{{See also\|List of official overseas trips made by Charles III}}
			[[File:1980 His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales with HM Dalaya visits Amul 3.jpg\|thumb\|With [[Harichand Megha Dalaya]] at [[Amul]], in [[Anand, Gujarat]], December 1980\|alt=Black and white photograph of Charles in Gujarat with a crowd of people, 1980]]
			In 1965, Charles undertook his first public engagement by attending a student garden party at the [[Palace of Holyroodhouse]].<ref name="coronation-facts">{{Cite web \|title=100 Coronation Facts \|url=https://www.royal.uk/100-coronation-facts \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501155413/https://www.royal.uk/100-coronation-facts \|archive-date=1 May 2023 \|access-date=1 May 2023 \|publisher=Royal Household}}</ref> During his time as Prince of Wales, he undertook official duties on behalf of the Queen,<ref name="nytimes-charlesgothrone-sept82022"/> completing 10,934 engagements between 2002 and 2022.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=7 April 2023 \|title=The royal clan: who's who, what do they do and how much money do they get? \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/apr/07/the-royal-clan-whos-who-what-do-they-do-and-how-much-money-do-they-get \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407235014/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/apr/07/the-royal-clan-whos-who-what-do-they-do-and-how-much-money-do-they-get \|archive-date=7 April 2023 \|access-date=8 April 2023 \|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> He officiated at [[investiture]]s and attended the funerals of foreign dignitaries.{{Sfn\|Brandreth\|p=325\|2007}} Charles made regular tours of Wales, fulfilling a week of engagements each summer, and attending important national occasions, such as opening the [[Senedd building\|Senedd]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Opening of the Senedd \|url=http://www.assemblywales.org/visiting/about_us-assembly_history_buildings/senedd_history/sen-projecthistory/sen-project-history-subpage/sen-project-history-openeing-the-senedd.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810023045/http://www.assemblywales.org/visiting/about_us-assembly_history_buildings/senedd_history/sen-projecthistory/sen-project-history-subpage/sen-project-history-openeing-the-senedd.htm \|archive-date=10 August 2014 \|access-date=8 August 2014 \|publisher=National Assembly for Wales}}</ref> The six trustees of the [[Royal Collection Trust]] met three times a year under his chairmanship.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Administration \|url=http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/about/administration \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006030309/http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/about/administration \|archive-date=6 October 2012 \|access-date=19 April 2013 \|publisher=The Royal Collection Trust}}</ref> Charles also represented his mother at the independence celebrations in Fiji in 1970,<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Trumbull \|first=Robert \|date=10 October 1970 \|title=Fiji Raises the Flag of Independence After 96 Years of Rule by British \|work=[[The New York Times]] \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/10/10/archives/fiji-raises-the-flag-of-independence-after-96-years-of-rule-by.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=3 May 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910004715/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/10/10/archives/fiji-raises-the-flag-of-independence-after-96-years-of-rule-by.html \|archive-date=10 September 2022 \|oclc=1645522}}</ref> the Bahamas in 1973,<ref>{{Cite news \|date=9 July 1973 \|title=1973: Bahamas' sun sets on British Empire \|publisher=BBC News \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/9/newsid_2498000/2498835.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=3 May 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201022831/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/9/newsid_2498000/2498835.stm \|archive-date=1 February 2008}}</ref> Papua New Guinea in 1975,<ref>{{Cite news \|date=16 September 1975 \|title=Papua New Guinea Celebrates Independence \|work=The New York Times \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/09/16/archives/papua-new-guinea-celebrates-independence-papua-new-guinea-is.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=3 May 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910033448/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/09/16/archives/papua-new-guinea-celebrates-independence-papua-new-guinea-is.html \|archive-date=10 September 2022 \|oclc=1645522}}</ref> Zimbabwe in 1980,<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Ross \|first=Jay \|date=18 April 1980 \|title=Zimbabwe Gains Independence \|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/04/18/zimbabwe-gains-independence/185c3573-e9e4-4d3a-9dce-5fe89bf04605 \|url-status=live \|access-date=3 May 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204220551/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/04/18/zimbabwe-gains-independence/185c3573-e9e4-4d3a-9dce-5fe89bf04605 \|archive-date=4 February 2021}}</ref> and [[Brunei]] in 1984.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Wedel \|first=Paul \|date=22 February 1984 \|title=Brunei celebrated its independence from Britain Thursday with traditional... \|publisher=[[UPI]] \|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/02/22/Brunei-celebrated-its-independence-from-Britain-Thursday-with-traditional/6194446274000 \|url-status=live \|access-date=3 May 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219232834/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/02/22/Brunei-celebrated-its-independence-from-Britain-Thursday-with-traditional/6194446274000 \|archive-date=19 February 2022}}</ref>

			In 1983, [[Christopher John Lewis]], who had fired a shot with a [[.22 rifle]] at the Queen in 1981, attempted to escape a psychiatric hospital in order to assassinate Charles, who was visiting New Zealand with Diana and William.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Ainge Roy \|first=Eleanor \|date=13 January 2018 \|title='Damn ... I missed': the incredible story of the day the Queen was nearly shot \|work=[[The Guardian]] \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/jan/13/queen-elizabeth-assassination-attempt-new-zealand-1981 \|url-status=live \|access-date=1 March 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301120257/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/jan/13/queen-elizabeth-assassination-attempt-new-zealand-1981 \|archive-date=1 March 2018}}</ref> While Charles was visiting Australia on [[Australia Day]] in January 1994, [[David Kang]] fired two shots at him from a [[starting pistol]] in protest of the treatment of several hundred Cambodian asylum seekers held in detention camps.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Newman \|first=John \|date=12 May 1994 \|title=Cambodian Refugees \|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LA19940512014 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120531/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LA19940512014 \|archive-date=29 September 2007 \|website=New South Wales Legislative Assembly Hansard \|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales}}; {{Cite news \|date=27 January 1994 \|title=Student fires 2 blanks at Prince Charles \|work=[[Los Angeles Times]] \|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1994-01-27/news/mn-15986_1_britain-s-prince-charles \|url-status=live \|access-date=13 April 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812170551/http://articles.latimes.com/1994-01-27/news/mn-15986_1_britain-s-prince-charles \|archive-date=12 August 2014}}</ref> In 1995, Charles became the first member of the royal family to visit the Republic of Ireland in an official capacity.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=21 April 2015 \|title=Archive: Prince Charles visits Ireland in 1995 \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-northern-ireland-32397345/archive-prince-charles-visits-ireland-in-1995 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511050222/http://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-northern-ireland-32397345/archive-prince-charles-visits-ireland-in-1995 \|archive-date=11 May 2018 \|access-date=14 April 2018 \|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}; {{cite web \|last1=McCullagh \|first1=David \|last2=Milner \|first2=Cathy \|title=Prince Charles Makes First Royal Visit to Ireland 1995 \|url=http://www.rte.ie/archives/2015/0529/704766-prince-charless-first-visit-to-ireland \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415063559/http://www.rte.ie/archives/2015/0529/704766-prince-charless-first-visit-to-ireland \|archive-date=15 April 2018 \|access-date=14 April 2018 \|publisher=[[Raidió Teilifís Éireann]]}}</ref> In 1997, Charles represented the Queen at the [[Hong Kong handover ceremony]].{{sfn\|Brendon\|p=660\|2007}}{{sfn\|Brown\|p=594\|1998}}
			[[File:20151104 OH H1013410 0003 (22461157447).jpg\|thumb\|left\|Charles's ninth tour of New Zealand in 2015\|alt=Charles shaking hands with a crowd]]

			In March 1998 Charles had laser [[keyhole surgery]] on his right knee.<ref name="health-issues">{{cite news\|url=https://news.sky.com/story/kings-cancer-diagnosis-health-issues-charles-has-faced-over-the-years-13064984\|title=King Charles cancer diagnosis: Health issues monarch has faced over the years\|work=Sky News\|date=5 February 2024\|access-date=5 February 2024\|archive-date=5 February 2024\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205200640/https://news.sky.com/story/kings-cancer-diagnosis-health-issues-charles-has-faced-over-the-years-13064984\|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2003 he underwent surgery at [[King Edward VII's Hospital]] to treat a [[hernia]] injury.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2894175.stm\|title=Charles has hernia operation\|work=BBC News\|date=29 March 2003\|access-date=22 January 2024\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121133037/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2894175.stm\|archive-date=21 January 2024}}</ref> At the funeral of Pope John Paul II in 2005, he caused controversy when he shook hands with the [[president of Zimbabwe]], [[Robert Mugabe]], who had been seated next to him. Charles's office subsequently released a statement saying that he could not avoid shaking Mugabe's hand and that he "finds the current Zimbabwean regime abhorrent".<ref>{{Cite news \|date=8 April 2005 \|title=Charles shakes hands with Mugabe at Pope's funeral \|work=[[The Times]] \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/charles-shakes-hands-with-mugabe-at-popes-funeral-tkbbw0dwx2m \|url-status=live \|access-date=8 July 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622192720/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/charles-shakes-hands-with-mugabe-at-popes-funeral-tkbbw0dwx2m \|archive-date=22 June 2018}} {{subscription required}}</ref> In 2008 a non-cancerous growth was removed from his [[nasal bridge]].<ref name="health-issues"/>

			Charles represented the Queen at the [[2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony\|opening ceremony]] of the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] in Delhi, India.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=3 October 2010 \|title=The Prince of Wales opens the Commonwealth Games \|publisher=Clarence House \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/news-and-diary/the-prince-of-wales-opens-the-commonwealth-games \|url-status=dead \|access-date=28 August 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521095222/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/news-and-diary/the-prince-of-wales-opens-the-commonwealth-games \|archive-date=21 May 2015}}</ref> In November 2010, he and Camilla were indirectly involved in [[2010 UK student protests\|student protests]] when their car was attacked by protesters.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=9 December 2010 \|title=Prince Charles, Camilla's Car Attacked By Student Protesters in London \|work=[[huffingtonpost]] \|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/09/prince-charles-and-camill_n_794574.html#s203450 \|url-status=dead \|access-date=8 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323061206/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/09/prince-charles-and-camill_n_794574.html \|archive-date=23 March 2013}}; {{Cite news \|title=Royal car attacked in protest after MPs' fee vote \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-11954333 \|url-status=live \|access-date=10 December 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210045010/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-11954333 \|archive-date=10 December 2010}}; {{Cite news \|date=9 December 2010 \|title=Prince Charles and Duchess of Cornwall unhurt in attack \|publisher=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11965454 \|url-status=live \|access-date=16 September 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223074043/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11965454 \|archive-date=23 February 2012}}</ref> In November 2013, he represented the Queen for the first time at a [[Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting]], in [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Suroor \|first=Hasan \|date=8 May 2013 \|title=Queen to miss Colombo CHOGM \|work=[[The Hindu]] \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/queen-to-miss-colombo-chogm/article4695677.ece \|url-status=live \|access-date=7 August 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809205952/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/queen-to-miss-colombo-chogm/article4695677.ece \|archive-date=9 August 2013}}; {{Cite news \|date=7 May 2013 \|title=Queen to miss Commonwealth meeting for first time since 1973 \|work=[[The Guardian]] \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/may/07/queen-miss-commonwealth-meeting \|url-status=live \|access-date=7 August 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021093826/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/may/07/queen-miss-commonwealth-meeting \|archive-date=21 October 2013}}</ref>

			Charles and Camilla made their first joint trip to the Republic of Ireland in May 2015. The trip was called an important step in "promoting peace and reconciliation" by the British Embassy.<ref>{{Cite magazine \|last=Urquart \|first=Conal \|date=13 May 2015 \|title=Prince Charles Shakes the Hand of Irish Republican Leader Gerry Adams \|url=http://time.com/3888516/prince-charles-gerry-adams \|url-status=live \|magazine=[[Time (magazine)\|Time]] \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521014543/http://time.com/3888516/prince-charles-gerry-adams \|archive-date=21 May 2015 \|accessdate=21 May 2015}}</ref> During the trip, Charles shook hands in [[Galway]] with [[Gerry Adams]], leader of [[Sinn Féin]] and widely believed to be the leader of the [[Irish Republican Army\|IRA]], the militant group that had assassinated Lord Mountbatten in 1979. The event was described by the media as a "historic handshake" and a "significant moment for [[Anglo-Irish relations]]".<ref>{{Cite news \|last=McDonald \|first=Henry \|date=19 May 2015 \|title=Prince Charles and Gerry Adams share historic handshake \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/may/19/prince-charles-and-gerry-adams-share-historic-handshake \|url-status=live \|access-date=20 May 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521013218/http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/may/19/prince-charles-and-gerry-adams-share-historic-handshake \|archive-date=21 May 2015}}; {{Cite news \|title=Historic handshake between Prince Charles and Gerry Adams \|work=The Independent (UK) \|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/news/historic-handshake-between-prince-charles-and-gerry-adams-31235024.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 May 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519215751/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/news/historic-handshake-between-prince-charles-and-gerry-adams-31235024.html \|archive-date=19 May 2015}}; {{Cite news \|last=Adam \|first=Karla \|date=19 May 2015 \|title=Prince Charles, in Ireland, meets with Sinn Fein party leader Gerry Adams \|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/prince-charles-in-ireland-meets-with-sinn-fein-party-leader-gerry-adams/2015/05/19/5dc4259c-fe28-11e4-8c77-bf274685e1df_story.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 May 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522142025/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/prince-charles-in-ireland-meets-with-sinn-fein-party-leader-gerry-adams/2015/05/19/5dc4259c-fe28-11e4-8c77-bf274685e1df_story.html \|archive-date=22 May 2015}}</ref>
			[[File:President Trump and First Lady Melania Trump's Trip to the United Kingdom (48007684456).jpg\|thumb\|upright=1.3\|With Queen Elizabeth II and other world leaders to mark the 75th anniversary of [[D-Day]] on 5 June 2019\|alt=Seated left to right are: Governor-General of New Zealand Patsy Reddy, President of France Emmanuel Macron, Prince Minister of the United Kingdom Theresa May, Charles, Prince of Wales, Elizabeth II, President of the United States Donald Trump, President of Greece Prokopis Pavlopoulos, Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel and Prime Minister of the Netherlands Mark Rutte]]

			Commonwealth heads of government decided at their [[2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting\|2018 meeting]] that Charles would be the next Head of the Commonwealth after the Queen.<ref name="ny-times-charlesiiichosen">{{Cite news \|date=10 September 2022 \|title=Queen's Funeral Set for Sept. 19 at Westminster Abbey \|work=[[The New York Times]] \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/09/10/world/queen-elizabeth-king-charles \|url-status=live \|access-date=20 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920181535/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/09/10/world/queen-elizabeth-king-charles \|archive-date=20 September 2022 \|oclc=1645522 \|quote="The state funeral for Queen Elizabeth II will be held at 11 a.m. Monday, Sept. 19, at Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace announced on Saturday."}}</ref> The head is chosen and therefore not hereditary.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Adam \|first=Karla \|date=20 April 2018 \|title=Commonwealth backs Prince Charles as its next leader \|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/04/20/commonwealth-backs-prince-charles-as-its-next-leader \|url-status=live \|access-date=5 July 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806024750/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/04/20/commonwealth-backs-prince-charles-as-its-next-leader \|archive-date=6 August 2018}}</ref> In March 2019, at the request of the British government, Charles and Camilla went on an official tour of Cuba, making them the first British royals to visit the country. The tour was seen as an effort to form a closer relationship between Cuba and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=25 March 2019 \|title=Prince Charles and Camilla make history in Cuba \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-47688610 \|url-status=live \|access-date=10 May 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402091019/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-47688610 \|archive-date=2 April 2019}}</ref>

			Charles contracted [[COVID-19]] during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\|pandemic]] in March 2020.<ref>{{Cite news \|last1=Reynolds \|first1=Emma \|last2=Foster \|first2=Max \|last3=Wilkinson \|first3=David \|date=25 March 2020 \|title=Prince Charles tests positive for novel coronavirus \|agency=[[CNN]] \|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/25/europe/prince-charles-coronavirus-gbr-intl/index.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=25 March 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325110903/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/25/europe/prince-charles-coronavirus-gbr-intl/index.html \|archive-date=25 March 2020}}; {{Cite news \|last1=Furness \|first1=Hannah \|last2=Johnson \|first2=Simon \|date=25 March 2020 \|title=Prince Charles tests positive for coronavirus: These are his most recent engagements \|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2020/03/25/prince-charles-tests-positive-coronavirus \|url-status=live \|accessdate=25 March 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325112945/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2020/03/25/prince-charles-tests-positive-coronavirus \|archive-date=25 March 2020 \|issn=}}</ref><ref name="BBC-virus">{{Cite web \|date=25 March 2020 \|title=Coronavirus: Prince Charles tests positive but 'remains in good health' \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52033845 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325120442/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52033845 \|archive-date=25 March 2020 \|access-date=25 March 2020 \|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Several newspapers were critical that Charles and Camilla were tested promptly at a time when many [[NHS]] doctors, nurses and patients had been unable to be tested expeditiously.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=15 March 2020 \|title=Warning to all as Prince Charles catches coronavirus amid 'queue jump' claims – The Yorkshire Post says \|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/opinion/columnists/warning-all-prince-charles-catches-coronavirus-amid-queue-jump-claims-yorkshire-post-says-2517535 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326110610/https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/opinion/columnists/warning-all-prince-charles-catches-coronavirus-amid-queue-jump-claims-yorkshire-post-says-2517535 \|archive-date=26 March 2020 \|access-date=26 March 2020 \|website=[[The Yorkshire Post]]}}</ref> He tested positive for COVID-19 for a second time in February 2022.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Ott \|first=Haley \|date=10 February 2022 \|title=Britain's Prince Charles tests positive for COVID-19 for the 2nd time \|publisher=CBS News \|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/britains-prince-charles-tests-positive-for-covid-19-for-the-2nd-time \|url-status=live \|access-date=10 February 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606214457/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/britains-prince-charles-tests-positive-for-covid-19-for-the-2nd-time \|archive-date=6 June 2022}}</ref> He and Camilla, who also tested positive, had received doses of a [[COVID-19 vaccine]] in February 2021.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=10 February 2021 \|title=Covid: Prince Charles and Camilla get first vaccine \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-56008436 \|url-status=live \|access-date=29 May 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421054642/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-56008436 \|archive-date=21 April 2022}}</ref>
			[[File:Queen’s Speech - 52063897843.jpg\|thumb\|Delivering the [[Speech from the throne\|Queen's Speech]] to the British Parliament on behalf of his mother, May 2022\|alt=Charles seated on the Sovereign's Throne in the House of Lords during the 2022 state opening of the British Parliament. Next to him is the Imperial State Crown. ]]

			Charles attended the November 2021 ceremonies to mark [[Republicanism in Barbados#2021 Constitutional amendment\|Barbados's transition into a parliamentary republic]], abolishing the position of [[monarch of Barbados]].<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Mills \|first=Rhiannon \|date=30 November 2021 \|title=Barbados: Prince Charles acknowledges 'appalling' history of slavery as island becomes a republic \|url=https://news.sky.com/story/prince-charles-acknowledges-appalling-history-of-slavery-as-barbados-becomes-a-republic-12482796 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130052708/https://news.sky.com/story/prince-charles-acknowledges-appalling-history-of-slavery-as-barbados-becomes-a-republic-12482796 \|archive-date=30 November 2021 \|access-date=30 November 2021 \|website=Sky News}}</ref> He was invited by Prime Minister [[Mia Mottley]] as the future Head of the Commonwealth;<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Murphy \|first=Victoria \|date=28 November 2021 \|title=All About Prince Charles's Visit to Barbados as the Country Cuts Ties with the Monarchy \|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a38366303/prince-charles-visit-to-barbados-2021-details \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034439/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a38366303/prince-charles-visit-to-barbados-2021-details \|archive-date=26 March 2023 \|access-date=3 May 2023 \|magazine=Town & Country}}</ref> it was the first time that a member of the royal family attended the transition of a realm to a republic.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Nikkhah \|first=Roya \|date=28 November 2021 \|title=Regretful Prince Charles flies to Barbados to watch his realm become a republic \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/regretful-prince-charles-flies-to-barbados-to-watch-his-realm-become-a-republic-c2vnz7k5v \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034440/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/regretful-prince-charles-flies-to-barbados-to-watch-his-realm-become-a-republic-c2vnz7k5v \|archive-date=26 March 2023 \|access-date=3 May 2023 \|newspaper=Sunday Times}}</ref> In May of the following year, Charles attended the [[2022 State Opening of Parliament\|State Opening of the British Parliament]], delivering the Queen's Speech on behalf of his mother, as a [[counsellor of state]].<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Davies \|first=Caroline \|date=10 May 2022 \|title=Queen remains 'very much in charge' even as Charles makes speech \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/may/10/queen-remains-very-much-in-charge-even-as-charles-makes-speech \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510143837/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/may/10/queen-remains-very-much-in-charge-even-as-charles-makes-speech \|archive-date=10 May 2022 \|access-date=10 May 2022 \|website=The Guardian}}</ref>

			==Reign==
			{{More\|Proclamation of accession of Charles III\|Coronation of Charles III and Camilla}}
			[[File:Charles III Scottish Parliament 2022.jpg\|thumb\|left\|upright=1\|Addressing the [[Scottish Parliament]] on 13 September 2022\|alt=Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament Alison Johnstone is seated next to the King.]]
			Charles acceded to the British throne on [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II\|his mother's death]] on 8 September 2022. He was the longest-serving British heir apparent, having surpassed Edward VII's record of 59 years on 20 April 2011.<ref name="apparent">{{Cite news \|date=20 April 2011 \|title=Prince Charles becomes longest-serving heir apparent \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-13133587 \|url-status=live \|access-date=30 November 2011 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718054032/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-13133587 \|archive-date=18 July 2015}}</ref> Charles was the oldest person to succeed to the British throne, at the age of 73. The previous record holder, [[William IV]], was 64 when he became king in 1830.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Rayner \|first=Gordon \|date=19 September 2013 \|title=Prince of Wales will be oldest monarch crowned \|work=The Daily Telegraph \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/10320264/Prince-of-Wales-will-be-oldest-monarch-crowned.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=19 September 2013 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130920192835/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/10320264/Prince-of-Wales-will-be-oldest-monarch-crowned.html \|archive-date=20 September 2013}}</ref>

			Charles gave his first speech to the nation at 6 pm on 9 September, in which he paid tribute to his mother and announced the appointment of his elder son, William, as Prince of Wales.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=9 September 2022 \|title=King Charles III pays tribute to his 'darling mama' in first address \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/uk-62842089 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910075943/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/uk-62842089 \|archive-date=10 September 2022 \|access-date=9 September 2022 \|work=BBC News}}</ref> The following day, the [[Accession Council]] publicly proclaimed Charles as king, the ceremony being televised for the first time.<ref>{{Cite news\|date=10 September 2022 \|title=Charles formally confirmed as king in ceremony televised for first time \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-62860893 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910192001/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-62860893 \|archive-date=10 September 2022 \|access-date=10 September 2022 \|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name=ny-times-charlesiiichosen/> Attendees included Queen Camilla, Prince William, and the British prime minister, [[Liz Truss]], along with her six living predecessors.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Ratcliffe \|first=Rebecca \|date=10 September 2022 \|title=Charles III is proclaimed King \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/live/2022/sep/10/king-charles-iii-proclaimed-st-james-palace-accession-council-latest-updates \|url-status=live \|access-date=10 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910095507/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/live/2022/sep/10/king-charles-iii-proclaimed-st-james-palace-accession-council-latest-updates \|archive-date=10 September 2022}}</ref> The proclamation was also read out by local authorities around the United Kingdom. Other realms signed and read their own proclamations, as did Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, [[British Overseas Territories]], [[Crown Dependencies]], [[Canadian provinces]], and [[Australian states]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Torrance \|first=David \|url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9621/CBP-9621.pdf \|title=The Accession of King Charles III \|date=29 September 2022 \|publisher=House of Commons Library \|page=21 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421205507/https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9621/CBP-9621.pdf \|archive-date=21 April 2023 \|url-status=live \|accessdate=25 April 2023}}</ref>
			[[File:2023 Coronation Balcony.jpg\|thumb\|Charles and Camilla after their coronation\|alt=Charles and Camilla wearing their crowns and coronation robes waving from the balcony of Buckingham Palace]]
			[[Charles and Camilla's coronation]] took place at Westminster Abbey on 6 May 2023.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=11 October 2022 \|title=Coronation on 6 May for King Charles and Camilla, Queen Consort \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-63172425 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 October 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011170432/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-63172425 \|archive-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> Plans had been made for many years, under the code name ''Operation Golden Orb''.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Mahler \|first=Kevin \|date=14 February 2022 \|title=Ghosts? Here's the true tale of things that go bump in the night \|work=The Times \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ghosts-heres-the-true-tale-of-things-that-go-bump-in-the-night-66z03ktfc \|url-status=live \|url-access=subscription \|access-date=9 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028081448/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ghosts-heres-the-true-tale-of-things-that-go-bump-in-the-night-66z03ktfc \|archive-date=28 October 2022}}</ref>{{sfn\|Pepinster\|2022}} Reports before his accession suggested that Charles's coronation would be simpler than his mother's in 1953,<ref>{{Cite news \|last1=Hyde \|first1=Nathan \|last2=Field \|first2=Becca \|date=17 February 2022 \|title=Prince of Wales plans for a 'scaled back' coronation ceremony with Camilla \|work=CambridgeshireLive \|url=https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/whats-on/prince-wales-plans-scaled-back-23107165 \|url-status=live \|access-date=8 March 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308231749/https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/whats-on/prince-wales-plans-scaled-back-23107165 \|archive-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> with the ceremony expected to be "shorter, smaller, less expensive, and more representative of different faiths and community groups{{snd}}falling in line with the King's wish to reflect the ethnic diversity of modern Britain".<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Arasteh \|first=Amira \|date=23 September 2022 \|title=King Charles III coronation: When is he officially crowned and what happens next? \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/09/23/king-charles-iii-coronation-when-officially-crowned-what-happens \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923062731/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/09/23/king-charles-iii-coronation-when-officially-crowned-what-happens \|archive-date=23 September 2022 \|access-date=23 September 2022 \|work=The Daily Telegraph}}; {{cite news \|last1=Dixon \|first1=Hayley \|last2=Gurpreet \|first2=Narwan \|date=13 September 2022 \|title=Coronation for the cost of living crisis as King expresses wish for 'good value' \|work=The Times \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/09/13/charles-coronation-prince-king-monarchy-when-plans-cost-living \|url-status=live \|url-access=subscription \|access-date=14 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925093146/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/09/13/charles-coronation-prince-king-monarchy-when-plans-cost-living \|archive-date=25 September 2022}}</ref> Nonetheless, the coronation was a [[Church of England]] rite, including the [[coronation oath]], the [[anointment]], delivery of the [[Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom#Orbs\|orb]], and [[enthronement]].<ref>{{Cite news \|date=18 September 2022 \|title=King Charles III, the new monarch \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59135132 \|url-status=live \|access-date=13 October 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920002123/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59135132 \|archive-date=20 September 2022}}</ref> In July they attended a [[Presentation of the Honours of Scotland to Charles III\|national service of thanksgiving]] where Charles was presented with the [[Honours of Scotland]] in [[St Giles' Cathedral]].<ref>{{Cite news \|date=5 July 2023 \|title=King Charles III: Special Edinburgh day ends with gun salute and flypast \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-66098124 \|access-date=5 July 2023 \|archive-date=1 August 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801060822/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-66098124 \|url-status=live }}</ref>

			Charles and Camilla have engaged in three state visits and received two. In November 2022 they hosted the South African president, [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], during the first official state visit to Britain of Charles's reign.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=22 November 2022 \|title=King Charles III welcomes S. African leader for state visit \|work=Associated Press \|url=https://apnews.com/article/british-politics-king-charles-iii-queen-elizabeth-ii-entertainment-london-3de1a8b0b71935a6ab53b6e2be561dc4 \|first=Danica \|last=Kirka \|access-date=21 September 2023 \|archive-date=25 March 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325082032/https://apnews.com/article/british-politics-king-charles-iii-queen-elizabeth-ii-entertainment-london-3de1a8b0b71935a6ab53b6e2be561dc4 \|url-status=live }}</ref> In March the following year, the King and Queen embarked on a state visit to Germany; Charles became the first British monarch to address the [[Bundestag]].<ref>{{Cite news \|date=30 March 2023 \|title=King Charles becomes first British monarch to address German parliament \|work=CNN \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/30/europe/king-charles-germany-day-two-intl/index.html \|first1=Lauren \|last1=Said-Moorhouse \|first2=Max \|last2=Foster \|access-date=21 September 2023 \|archive-date=27 September 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927195727/https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/30/europe/king-charles-germany-day-two-intl/index.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> Similarly, in September, he became the first British monarch to give a speech from France's Senate chamber during [[State visit by Charles III to France\|his state visit to the country]].<ref>{{Cite news \|date=1 September 2023 \|title=King Charles makes historic speech at French senate as he hails 'indispensable' UK-France relationship \|work=CNN \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/21/europe/king-charles-france-visit-senate-intl/index.html \|first1=Lauren \|last1=Said-Moorhouse \|access-date=21 September 2023 \|archive-date=21 September 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921181920/https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/21/europe/king-charles-france-visit-senate-intl/index.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> The following month, the King [[State visit by Charles III to Kenya\|visited Kenya]] where he faced pressure to apologize for British colonial actions. In a speech at the state banquet, he acknowledged "abhorrent and unjustifiable acts of violence", but did not formally apologize.<ref name="KenyaBanquetSpeech">{{cite web \|last1=Foster \|first1=Max \|last2=Feleke \|first2=Bethlehem \|last3=Said-Moorhouse \|first3=Lauren \|title=King Charles acknowledges Kenya's colonial-era suffering but stops short of apologizing \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/01/africa/king-charles-kenya-colonial-suffering-intl/index.html \|website=CNN \|date=November 2023 \|access-date=6 February 2024 \|archive-date=1 December 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201053501/https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/01/africa/king-charles-kenya-colonial-suffering-intl/index.html \|url-status=live }}</ref>

			In January 2024, Charles underwent a "corrective procedure" at [[the London Clinic]] to treat benign [[prostate enlargement]], which resulted in the postponement of some of his public engagements.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68055575\|title=King Charles in hospital for prostate treatment\|work=BBC News\|first=Sean\|last=Coughlan\|date=26 January 2024\|access-date=26 January 2024\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126151446/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68055575\|archive-date=26 January 2024\|url-status=live}}</ref> In February, Buckingham Palace announced that cancer had been discovered during the treatment, but that it was not [[prostate cancer]]. Although his public duties were postponed, it was reported Charles would continue to fulfil his constitutional functions during his [[outpatient]] treatment.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=5 February 2024 \|title=King Charles III diagnosed with cancer, Buckingham Palace says \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68208157 \|access-date=5 February 2024 \|work=BBC News\|first=Sean\|last=Coughlan \|archive-date=5 February 2024 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205180516/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68208157 \|url-status=live \|quote=The type of cancer has not been revealed - it is not prostate cancer, but was discovered during his recent treatment for an enlarged prostate.}}</ref> He released a statement espousing his support for cancer charities and that he "remains positive" on making a full recovery.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Trapper \|first1=James \|title=King Charles expresses 'lifelong admiration' for cancer charities \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/feb/10/king-charles-thanks-cancer-charities-tribute-disease \|website=[[The Guardian]] \|date=10 February 2024 \|access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>

			==Philanthropy and charity==
			Since founding the Prince's Trust in 1976, using his £7,500 of [[severance pay]] from the Navy,<ref>{{Cite web \|last1=Smout \|first1=Alistair \|last2=Mills \|first2=Sarah \|last3=Gumuchian \|first3=Marie-louise \|date=16 September 2022 \|title=With Charles king, his Prince's Trust youth charity goes on \|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/with-charles-king-his-princes-trust-youth-charity-goes-2022-09-16 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126225815/https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/with-charles-king-his-princes-trust-youth-charity-goes-2022-09-16 \|archive-date=26 November 2022 \|access-date=26 November 2022 \|website=Reuters}}</ref> Charles has established 16 more charitable organisations and now serves as president of each.<ref name="Charities">{{Cite web \|title=The Prince's Charities \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/atwork/theprincescharities \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926171824/http://princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/atwork/theprincescharities \|archive-date=26 September 2010 \|access-date=16 October 2012 \|publisher=Clarence House}}</ref><ref name=nytimes-charlesgothrone-sept82022/> Together, they form a loose alliance, [[the Prince's Charities]], which describes itself as "the largest multi-cause charitable enterprise in the United Kingdom, raising over £100 million annually ... [and is] active across a broad range of areas including education and young people, environmental sustainability, the built environment, responsible business and enterprise, and international".<ref name=Charities/> As Prince of Wales, Charles became [[patron]] or president of over 800 other charities and organisations.<ref name="coronation-facts"/>

			[[The Prince's Charities Canada]] was established in 2010, in a similar fashion to its namesake in Britain.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Mackreal \|first=Kim \|date=18 May 2012 \|title=Prince Charles rallies top-level support for his Canadian causes \|work=[[The Globe and Mail]] \|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/prince-charles-rallies-top-level-support-for-his-canadian-causes/article2437881 \|url-status=live \|access-date=22 May 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520170839/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/prince-charles-rallies-top-level-support-for-his-canadian-causes/article2437881 \|archive-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> Charles uses [[Royal tours of Canada\|his tours]] of Canada as a way to help draw attention to youth, the disabled, the environment, the arts, medicine, the elderly, heritage conservation, and education.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web \|work=Department of Canadian Heritage \|title=His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales \|url=http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/special/royalvisit/biography.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922153922/http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/special/royalvisit/biography.htm \|archive-date=22 September 2008 \|access-date=12 October 2008 \|publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref> He has also set up [[the Prince's Charities Australia]], based in [[Melbourne]], to provide a coordinating presence for his Australian and international charitable endeavours.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Contact Us \|url=http://www.princescharitiesaustralia.org.au/contact-us \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809232135/http://www.princescharitiesaustralia.org.au/contact-us \|archive-date=9 August 2014 \|access-date=22 January 2013 \|publisher=The Prince's Charities Australia}}</ref>
			[[File:Charles (17292383035).jpg\|thumb\|right\|upright=1\|With Camilla visiting the African American Heritage Center in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], March 2015]]

			Charles has supported humanitarian projects; for example, he and his sons took part in ceremonies that marked the 1998 [[International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination]].<ref name=autogenerated2/> Charles was one of the first public figures to express strong concerns about the human rights record of the Romanian dictator [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], initiating objections in the international arena,{{Sfn\|Dimbleby\|p=250\|1994}} and subsequently supported the FARA Foundation,<ref name=PoWsite/> a charity for Romanian orphans and abandoned children.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Welcome \|url=http://www.faracharity.org \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012011936/http://faracharity.org \|archive-date=12 October 2010 \|access-date=25 September 2012 \|publisher=FARA Enterprises}}</ref>

			===Investigations of donations===
			{{Main\|The King's Foundation#Cash for honours allegations and other donations\|King Charles III Charitable Fund#Qatari donations\|}}

			Two of Charles's charities, [[the Prince's Foundation]] and [[the Prince of Wales's Charitable Fund]] (later renamed the King's Foundation and King Charles III Charitable Fund, respectively), came under scrutiny in 2021 and 2022 for accepting donations the media deemed inappropriate. In August 2021, it was announced that the Prince's Foundation was launching an investigation into the reports,<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Quinn \|first=Ben \|date=29 August 2021 \|title=Prince of Wales charity launches inquiry into 'cash for access' claims \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/aug/29/prince-of-wales-charity-princes-foundation-launches-inquiry-into-cash-for-access-claims \|url-status=live \|access-date=30 August 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829150826/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/aug/29/prince-of-wales-charity-princes-foundation-launches-inquiry-into-cash-for-access-claims \|archive-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> with Charles's support.<ref>{{Cite news \|last1=Foster \|first1=Max \|last2=Said-Moorhouse \|first2=Lauren \|date=6 September 2021 \|title=Former aide to Prince Charles steps down over cash-for-honors scandal \|work=[[CNN]] \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/05/uk/prince-charles-aide-michael-fawcett-intl-gbr/index.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=7 September 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907032152/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/05/uk/prince-charles-aide-michael-fawcett-intl-gbr/index.html \|archive-date=7 September 2021}}</ref> The [[Charity Commission]] also launched an investigation into allegations that the donations meant for the Prince's Foundation had been instead sent to the Mahfouz Foundation.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Butler \|first=Patrick \|date=18 November 2021 \|title=Inquiry into foundation linked to Prince of Wales launched \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/nov/18/inquiry-into-foundation-linked-to-prince-of-wales-launched \|url-status=live \|access-date=18 November 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118125504/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/nov/18/inquiry-into-foundation-linked-to-prince-of-wales-launched \|archive-date=18 November 2021}}</ref> In February 2022, the Metropolitan Police launched an investigation into the cash-for-honours allegations linked to the foundation,<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Montebello \|first=Leah \|date=16 February 2022 \|title=Breaking: Met Police investigate cash-for-honours allegations against Prince Charles' charity \|url=https://www.cityam.com/breaking-met-police-investigate-cash-for-honours-allegations-against-prince-charles-charity \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216143136/https://www.cityam.com/breaking-met-police-investigate-cash-for-honours-allegations-against-prince-charles-charity \|archive-date=16 February 2022 \|access-date=16 February 2022 \|publisher=[[City A.M.]]}}; {{cite web \|last=O'Connor \|first=Mary \|date=16 February 2022 \|title=Police to investigate Prince Charles' charity \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-60404077 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216223956/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-60404077 \|archive-date=16 February 2022 \|access-date=17 February 2022 \|website=BBC News}}</ref> passing their evidence to the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] for deliberation in October.<ref name="timesnov22">{{Cite news \|last1=Gadher \|first1=Dipesh \|last2=Gabriel Pogrund \|last3=Megan Agnew \|date=19 November 2022 \|title=Cash-for-honours police pass file on King's aide Michael Fawcett to prosecutors \|work=[[The Sunday Times]] \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/cash-for-honours-police-pass-file-on-kings-aide-michael-fawcett-to-prosecutors-hmmb3wmf0 \|url-status=live \|access-date=28 March 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328182402/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/cash-for-honours-police-pass-file-on-kings-aide-michael-fawcett-to-prosecutors-hmmb3wmf0 \|archive-date=28 March 2023}}</ref> In August 2023, the Metropolitan Police announced that they had concluded their investigations and no further actions would be taken.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2023/08/21/michael-fawcett-police-alleged-cbe-honour-saudi-donor/\|title=Cash-for-honours investigation into King Charles's charity dropped\|work=The Telegraph\|first=Victoria\|last=Ward\|date=21 August 2023\|accessdate=21 August 2023\|archive-date=21 August 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821114245/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2023/08/21/michael-fawcett-police-alleged-cbe-honour-saudi-donor/\|url-status=live}}</ref>

			''[[The Times]]'' reported in June 2022 that, between 2011 and 2015, Charles accepted €3 million in cash from Qatari prime minister [[Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani]].<ref name="charlestimes">{{Cite news \|last1=Pogrund \|first1=Gabriel \|last2=Keidan \|first2=Charles \|last3=Faulkner \|first3=Katherine \|date=25 June 2022 \|title=Prince Charles accepted €1m cash in suitcase from sheikh \|work=The Times \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/charles-accepted-1m-cash-in-suitcase-from-sheikh-j2pgnfsgx \|url-status=live \|access-date=25 June 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625171348/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/charles-accepted-1m-cash-in-suitcase-from-sheikh-j2pgnfsgx \|archive-date=25 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="guardiancharles">{{Cite news \|last=Connett \|first=David \|date=25 June 2022 \|title=Prince Charles is said to have been given €3m in Qatari cash \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jun/25/prince-charles-is-said-to-have-been-given-3m-in-qatari-cash \|url-status=live \|access-date=25 June 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625222114/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jun/25/prince-charles-is-said-to-have-been-given-3m-in-qatari-cash \|archive-date=25 June 2022}}</ref> There was no evidence that the payments were illegal or that it was not intended for the money to go to the charity,<ref name=guardiancharles/> although, the Charity Commission stated it would review the information<ref>{{Cite web \|date=27 June 2022 \|title=Prince Charles: Charity watchdog reviewing information over reports royal accepted carrier bag full of cash as a charity donation from Qatar ex-PM \|url=https://news.sky.com/story/prince-charles-charity-watchdog-reviewing-information-over-reports-royal-accepted-carrier-bag-full-of-cash-as-a-charity-donation-from-qatar-ex-pm-12640980 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627103929/https://news.sky.com/story/prince-charles-charity-watchdog-reviewing-information-over-reports-royal-accepted-carrier-bag-full-of-cash-as-a-charity-donation-from-qatar-ex-pm-12640980 \|archive-date=27 June 2022 \|access-date=27 June 2022 \|website=[[Sky News]]}}</ref> and announced in July 2022 that there would be no further investigation.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Coughlan \|first=Sean \|date=20 July 2022 \|title=Prince Charles: No inquiry into £2.5m cash donation to his charity \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62011791 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720223151/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62011791 \|archive-date=20 July 2022 \|access-date=21 July 2022 \|website=BBC News}}</ref> In the same month, ''The Times'' reported that the Prince of Wales's Charitable Fund received a donation of £1 million from [[Bakr bin Laden]] and Shafiq bin Laden{{snd}}both half-brothers of [[Osama bin Laden]]{{snd}}during a private meeting in 2013.<ref name="Times-Bin-Laden">{{Cite news \|last1=Pogrund \|first1=Gabriel \|last2=Charles Keidan \|date=30 July 2022 \|title=Prince Charles accepted £1m from family of Osama bin Laden \|work=The Times \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/prince-charles-accepted-1m-from-family-of-osama-bin-laden-7pd55sgn6 \|url-status=live \|access-date=30 July 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730173254/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/prince-charles-accepted-1m-from-family-of-osama-bin-laden-7pd55sgn6 \|archive-date=30 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="Guardian-Bin-Laden">{{Cite news \|date=13 October 2001 \|title=Prince Charles dined with Bin Laden's brother \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/oct/13/monarchy.afghanistan \|url-status=live \|access-date=30 July 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730183519/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/oct/13/monarchy.afghanistan \|archive-date=30 July 2022 \|quote="The Prince of Wales had dinner with a brother of Osama bin Laden two weeks after the September 11th attacks, St James' Palace said today."}}</ref> The Charity Commission described the decision to accept donations as a "matter for trustees" and added that no investigation was required.<ref name="Telegraph-Bin-Laden">{{Cite web \|last=Furness \|first=Hannah \|date=1 August 2022 \|title=Prince Charles's charity won't be investigated for accepting bin Laden family £1m donation \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/08/01/prince-charless-charity-wont-investigated-accepting-bin-laden \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801173816/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/08/01/prince-charless-charity-wont-investigated-accepting-bin-laden \|archive-date=1 August 2022 \|access-date=1 August 2022 \|website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref>

			==Personal interests==
			[[File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson attends CHOGM 2022 (52169710654).jpg\|thumb\|With [[Boris Johnson]] at the [[2022 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting]] in [[Kigali]], Rwanda\|alt=Charles standing next to Johnson with the flag of the Commonwealth of Nations behind them]]

			From young adulthood, Charles encouraged understanding of [[Indigenous peoples\|Indigenous voices]], claiming they held crucial messages about preservation of the land, respecting community and shared values, resolving conflict, and recognising and making good on past iniquities.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Fraser \|first=John \|date=26 April 2023 \|title=What the reign of King Charles III means for Canada \|url=https://canadiangeographic.ca/articles/a-new-era \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427054936/https://canadiangeographic.ca/articles/a-new-era \|archive-date=27 April 2023 \|access-date=29 April 2023 \|publisher=Royal Canadian Geographical Society \|magazine=Canadian Geographic}}</ref> Charles dovetailed this view with his efforts against climate change,<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Dulcie \|first=Lee \|date=20 May 2022 \|title=Prince Charles: We must learn from indigenous people on climate change \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61517750 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429165148/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61517750 \|archive-date=29 April 2023 \|access-date=29 April 2023 \|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> as well as [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada\|reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples]] and his charitable work in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=17 May 2022 \|title=Prince Charles commits to 'listening' to Indigenous peoples as Canadian royal tour begins \|url=https://globalnews.ca/video/8842597/prince-charles-commits-to-listening-to-indigenous-peoples-as-canadian-royal-tour-begins \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429165149/https://globalnews.ca/video/8842597/prince-charles-commits-to-listening-to-indigenous-peoples-as-canadian-royal-tour-begins \|archive-date=29 April 2023 \|access-date=29 April 2023 \|publisher=Global News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Katawazi \|first=Miriam \|date=27 June 2017 \|title=Prince Charles's charities work to undo past wrongs against Indigenous people through reconciliation \|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/canada-150/prince-charles-canada-150-charity-indigenous/article35476084 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429165148/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/canada-150/prince-charles-canada-150-charity-indigenous/article35476084 \|archive-date=29 April 2023 \|access-date=29 April 2023 \|newspaper=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> At [[CHOGM 2022]], Charles, who was representing the Queen, raised that reconciliation process as an example for dealing with the history of [[Slavery in Britain#Enslaved Africans\|slavery in the British Empire]],<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Brewster \|first=Murray \|date=24 June 2022 \|title=Commonwealth countries could learn from Canada's reconciliation efforts, Prince Charles says \|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/commonwealth-indigenous-reconcilliation-1.6500076 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429165149/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/commonwealth-indigenous-reconcilliation-1.6500076 \|archive-date=29 April 2023 \|access-date=29 April 2023 \|publisher=CBC News}}</ref> for which he expressed his sorrow.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=24 June 2022 \|title=Prince Charles tells Commonwealth of sorrow over slavery \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61919514 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624033738/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61919514 \|archive-date=24 June 2022 \|access-date=29 April 2023 \|publisher=BBC News}}</ref>

			Letters sent by Charles to government ministers in 2004 and 2005 expressing his concerns over various policy issues{{snd}}the so-called [[black spider memos]]{{snd}}presented potential embarrassment following a challenge by ''The Guardian'' newspaper to release the letters under the [[Freedom of Information Act 2000]]. In March 2015, the [[Supreme Court of the United Kingdom]] decided that Charles's letters must be released.<ref name="Guardian20150326">{{Cite news \|last=Evans \|first=Rob \|date=26 March 2015 \|title=Supreme court clears way for release of secret Prince Charles letters \|work=[[The Guardian]] \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/mar/26/supreme-court-clears-way-release-secret-prince-charles-letters-black-spider-memos \|url-status=live \|access-date=26 March 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327040226/http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/mar/26/supreme-court-clears-way-release-secret-prince-charles-letters-black-spider-memos \|archive-date=27 March 2015}}</ref> The [[Cabinet Office]] published the letters in May 2015.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Cabinet Office \|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/cabinet-office \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218235655/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/cabinet-office \|archive-date=18 December 2020 \|access-date=15 May 2015 \|publisher=www.gov.uk}}; {{Cite news \|title=Prince Charles's black spider memos in 60 seconds \|work=The Daily Telegraph \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/11603875/Prince-Charless-black-spider-memos-in-60-seconds.html \|url-status=dead \|access-date=15 May 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516011756/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/11603875/Prince-Charless-black-spider-memos-in-60-seconds.html \|archive-date=16 May 2015}}</ref> The reaction was largely supportive of Charles, with little criticism of him;<ref name="post">{{Cite news \|date=14 May 2015 \|title=Prince Charles, the toothfish and the toothless 'black spider' letters \|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/05/14/prince-charles-and-the-disappointing-black-spider-letters \|url-status=live \|access-date=23 May 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406040518/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/05/14/prince-charles-and-the-disappointing-black-spider-letters \|archive-date=6 April 2018}}</ref> the press variously described the memos as "underwhelming"<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Spector \|first=Dina \|date=13 May 2015 \|title=There are 3 reasons why Britain might be completely underwhelmed by Prince Charles' black spider memos \|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/prince-charles-black-spider-memos-may-be-disappointing-2015-5 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423054457/https://www.businessinsider.com/prince-charles-black-spider-memos-may-be-disappointing-2015-5 \|archive-date=23 April 2019 \|access-date=23 May 2015 \|website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> and "harmless",<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Jenkins \|first=Simon \|date=13 May 2015 \|title=The black spider memos: a royal sigh of woe at a world gone to the dogs \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/may/13/black-spider-memos-prince-charles \|url-status=live \|access-date=23 May 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614172232/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/may/13/black-spider-memos-prince-charles \|archive-date=14 June 2018}}</ref> and concluded that their release had "backfired on those who seek to belittle him".<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Roberts \|first=Andrew \|date=13 May 2015 \|title=All the 'black spider memos' expose is the passion and dignity of Prince Charles \|work=The Daily Telegraph \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/11604099/All-the-black-spider-memos-expose-is-the-passion-and-dignity-of-Prince-Charles.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=23 May 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515233332/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/11604099/All-the-black-spider-memos-expose-is-the-passion-and-dignity-of-Prince-Charles.html \|archive-date=15 May 2015}}</ref> It was revealed in the same year that Charles had access to confidential Cabinet papers.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Booth \|first=Robert \|date=15 December 2015 \|title=Revealed: Prince Charles has received confidential cabinet papers for decades \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/dec/15/revealed-prince-charles-has-received-confidential-cabinet-papers-for-decades \|url-status=live \|access-date=22 December 2016 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110031007/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/dec/15/revealed-prince-charles-has-received-confidential-cabinet-papers-for-decades \|archive-date=10 January 2017}}</ref>

			In October 2020, a letter sent by Charles to the governor-general of Australia, [[Sir John Kerr]], after [[1975 Australian constitutional crisis\|Kerr's dismissal]] of Prime Minister [[Gough Whitlam]] in 1975, was released as part of the collection of [[palace letters]] regarding the Australian constitutional crisis.<ref name="Guardian-Oct2020">{{Cite web \|last=Boseley \|first=Matilda \|date=24 October 2020 \|title=Prince Charles's letter to John Kerr reportedly endorsing sacking of Whitlam condemned \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/oct/24/prince-charless-letter-to-john-kerr-reportedly-endorsing-sacking-of-whitlam-condemned \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213022243/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/oct/24/prince-charless-letter-to-john-kerr-reportedly-endorsing-sacking-of-whitlam-condemned \|archive-date=13 February 2022 \|access-date=12 February 2022 \|website=The Guardian}}</ref> In the letter, Charles was supportive of Kerr's decision, writing that what Kerr "did last year was right and the courageous thing to do".<ref name=Guardian-Oct2020/>[[File:Scottish party leaders with Prince Charles.jpg\|thumb\|Meeting with [[Ruth Davidson]] and [[Nicola Sturgeon]] after the [[Kirking of the Scottish Parliament]], May 2016\|alt=Charles greeting Davidson, Sturgeon, and other members of the Scottish Parliament]]

			''The Times'' reported in June 2022 that Charles had privately described the British government's [[Rwanda asylum plan]] as "appalling" and he feared that it would overshadow the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Rwanda that same month.<ref>{{Cite news \|last1=Dathan \|first1=Matt \|last2=Low \|first2=Valentine \|date=10 June 2022 \|title=Prince Charles: Flying migrants to Rwanda is 'appalling' \|work=[[The Times]] \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/prince-charles-flying-migrants-to-rwanda-is-appalling-l6jzklfhm \|access-date=11 June 2022 \|archive-date=9 July 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709030718/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/prince-charles-flying-migrants-to-rwanda-is-appalling-l6jzklfhm \|url-status=live }}{{subscription required}}; {{Cite web \|date=11 June 2022 \|title=Rwanda deportation plan: Prince Charles 'says policy is appalling' as court rules first asylum seekers can be sent away \|url=https://news.sky.com/story/rwanda-deportation-plan-prince-charles-says-policy-is-appalling-as-court-rules-first-asylum-seekers-can-be-sent-away-12631489 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611000307/https://news.sky.com/story/rwanda-deportation-plan-prince-charles-says-policy-is-appalling-as-court-rules-first-asylum-seekers-can-be-sent-away-12631489 \|archive-date=11 June 2022 \|access-date=11 June 2022 \|website=[[Sky News]]}}</ref> It was later claimed that Cabinet ministers had warned Charles to avoid making political comments, as they feared a constitutional crisis could arise if he continued to make such statements once he became king.<ref>{{Cite web \|last1=Wheeler \|first1=Caroline \|last2=Shipman \|first2=Tim \|last3=Nikkah \|first3=Roya \|date=12 June 2022 \|title=Charles won't be Prince Charming if he keeps on meddling, say ministers \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/charles-wont-be-prince-charming-if-he-keeps-on-meddling-say-ministers-bnz0n00bs \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702225054/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/charles-wont-be-prince-charming-if-he-keeps-on-meddling-say-ministers-bnz0n00bs \|archive-date=2 July 2022 \|access-date=3 July 2022 \|website=[[The Times]]}}{{subscription required}}</ref>

			===Built environment===
			Charles has openly expressed his views on architecture and [[urban planning]]; he fostered the advancement of [[New Classical architecture]] and asserted that he "care[s] deeply about issues such as the environment, architecture, inner-city renewal, and the quality of life."<ref name="planetizen">{{Cite web \|date=13 September 2009 \|title=Charles, Prince of Wales \|url=http://www.planetizen.com/topthinkers/charles \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316103521/http://www.planetizen.com/topthinkers/charles \|archive-date=16 March 2012 \|access-date=31 March 2012 \|publisher=Planetizen}}</ref> In a speech given for the 150th anniversary of the [[Royal Institute of British Architects]] in May 1984, he described a proposed extension to the [[National Gallery in London]] as a "monstrous carbuncle on the face of a much-loved friend" and deplored the "glass stumps and concrete towers" of modern architecture.<ref name="RIBA speech">{{Cite web \|date=30 May 1984 \|title=A speech by HRH The Prince of Wales at the 150th anniversary of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), Royal Gala Evening at Hampton Court Palace \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/speechesandarticles/a_speech_by_hrh_the_prince_of_wales_at_the_150th_anniversary_1876801621.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213205/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/speechesandarticles/a_speech_by_hrh_the_prince_of_wales_at_the_150th_anniversary_1876801621.html \|archive-date=27 September 2007 \|access-date=17 June 2012 \|website=Prince of Wales}}</ref> Charles called for local community involvement in architectural choices and asked, "why has everything got to be vertical, straight, unbending, only at right angles{{snd}}and functional?"<ref name="RIBA speech"/> Charles has "a deep understanding of [[Islamic art]] and [[Islamic architecture\|architecture]]" and has been involved in the construction of a building and garden at the [[Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies]], which combine Islamic and Oxford architectural styles.<ref name=princeofwales/>
			[[File:Prince Charles 2000.jpg\|thumb\|upright=1\|left\|At the newly opened [[We the Curious\|At-Bristol]], June 2000\|alt=Charles at the science and arts centre and educational charity At-Bristol, now called We the Curious, in 2000]]

			In Charles's 1989 book ''[[A Vision of Britain: A Personal View of Architecture\|A Vision of Britain]]'', and in speeches and essays, he has been critical of modern architecture, arguing that traditional designs and methods should guide contemporary ones.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Capps \|first=Kriston \|date=9 September 2022 \|title=King Charles III, City Maker \|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-09/king-charles-iii-was-once-a-prince-with-a-passion-for-urban-planning \|access-date=19 May 2023 \|website=Bloomberg \|archive-date=16 May 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516070348/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-09/king-charles-iii-was-once-a-prince-with-a-passion-for-urban-planning \|url-status=live }}</ref> He has continued to campaign for traditional urbanism, human scale, restoration of historic buildings, and sustainable design<ref>{{Cite news \|title=The Prince of Wales Accepts Vincent Scully Prize \|work=artdaily.com \|url=http://www.artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=15419&int_modo=1 \|url-status=live \|access-date=19 April 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523221124/http://www.artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=15419&int_modo=1 \|archive-date=23 May 2013}}</ref> despite criticism in the press.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Harper \|first=Phineas \|date=21 September 2022 \|title=King Charles's endless meddling in architectural politics has accomplished nothing \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/sep/21/king-charles-architectural-politics-prince-profit-poundbury-paisley-perspectives \|url-status=live \|access-date=5 May 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020104323/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/sep/21/king-charles-architectural-politics-prince-profit-poundbury-paisley-perspectives \|archive-date=20 October 2022}}</ref> Two of his charities{{snd}}[[the Prince's Regeneration Trust]] and [[the Prince's Foundation for Building Community]], which were later merged into one charity{{snd}}promote his views. The village of [[Poundbury]] was built on land owned by the [[Duchy of Cornwall]] to a master plan by [[Léon Krier]], under the guidance of Charles and in line with his philosophy.<ref name=planetizen/> In 2013, developments for the suburb of [[Nansledan]] began on the estate of the Duchy of Cornwall with Charles's endorsement.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Graham \|first=Hugh \|date=30 June 2019 \|title=Exclusive: Prince Charles, the new Poundbury and his manifesto to solve the housing crisis \|work=The Times \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/exclusive-prince-charles-the-new-poundbury-and-his-manifesto-to-solve-the-housing-crisis-6v57bz09m \|url-access=subscription \|access-date=22 June 2023 \|archive-date=6 August 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806144113/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/exclusive-prince-charles-the-new-poundbury-and-his-manifesto-to-solve-the-housing-crisis-6v57bz09m \|url-status=live }}</ref> Charles helped purchase [[Dumfries House]] and its complete collection of 18th century furnishings in 2007, taking a £20m loan from his charitable trust to contribute toward the £45m cost.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Cramb \|first=Auslan \|date=28 June 2007 \|title=Charles saves Dumfries House at 11th hour \|work=The Daily Telegraph \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1555879/Charles-saves-Dumfries-House-at-11th-hour.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=28 June 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080613032918/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1555879/Charles-saves-Dumfries-House-at-11th-hour.html \|archive-date=13 June 2008}}</ref> The house and gardens remain property of the Prince's Foundation and serve as a museum and community and skills training centre.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Foyle \|first=Johnathan \|date=27 June 2014 \|title=Dumfries House: training the unemployed \|url=https://www.ft.com/content/8e7fbb8a-f7c9-11e3-90fa-00144feabdc0 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213123428/https://www.ft.com/content/8e7fbb8a-f7c9-11e3-90fa-00144feabdc0 \|archive-date=13 December 2022 \|access-date=4 May 2023 \|newspaper=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=12 September 2017 \|title=Prince Charles to build wellbeing centre at Dumfries House \|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/prince-charles-build-wellbeing-centre-dumfries-house-1444993 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007062410/https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/prince-charles-build-wellbeing-centre-dumfries-house-1444993 \|archive-date=7 October 2022 \|access-date=4 May 2023 \|newspaper=The Scotsman}}</ref> This led to the development of [[Knockroon]], called the "Scottish Poundbury".<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Freyberg \|first=Annabel \|date=27 May 2011 \|title=Dumfries House: a Sleeping Beauty brought back to life by the Prince of Wales \|work=The Telegraph \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/8533968/Dumfries-House-a-Sleeping-Beauty-brought-back-to-life-by-the-Prince-of-Wales.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530002701/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/8533968/Dumfries-House-a-Sleeping-Beauty-brought-back-to-life-by-the-Prince-of-Wales.html \|archive-date=30 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Marrs \|first=Colin \|date=16 September 2016 \|title=Prince Charles's stalled 'Scottish Poundbury' under scrutiny \|url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/prince-charless-stalled-scottish-poundbury-under-scrutiny \|access-date=4 May 2023 \|magazine=Architect's Journal \|archive-date=6 February 2024 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206083826/https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/prince-charless-stalled-scottish-poundbury-under-scrutiny \|url-status=live }}</ref>

			After lamenting in 1996 the unbridled destruction of many of Canada's historic urban cores, Charles offered his assistance to the [[Department of Canadian Heritage]] in creating a trust modelled on Britain's [[National Trust]], a plan that was implemented with the passage of the [[2007 Canadian federal budget\|federal budget in 2007]].<ref>{{Cite book \|series=Department of Finance \|url=http://www.budget.gc.ca/2007/pdf/bp2007e.pdf \|title=The Budget Plan 2007: Aspire to a Stronger, Safer, Better Canada \|date=19 March 2007 \|publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada \|page=99 \|access-date=1 May 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612210045/http://www.budget.gc.ca/2007/pdf/bp2007e.pdf \|archive-date=12 June 2009 \|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1999, Charles agreed to the use of his title for the [[Prince of Wales Prize for Municipal Heritage Leadership]], awarded by the [[National Trust for Canada]] to municipal governments that have committed to the conservation of historic places.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Heritage Services \|url=http://www.heritagecanada.org/eng/services/winners.html#pow \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914170352/http://www.heritagecanada.org/eng/services/winners.html \|archive-date=14 September 2008 \|access-date=12 October 2008 \|publisher=Heritage Canada Foundation}}</ref>

			Whilst visiting the US and surveying the damage caused by [[Hurricane Katrina]], Charles received the [[National Building Museum]]'s [[Vincent Scully Prize]] in 2005 for his efforts in regard to architecture; he donated $25,000 of the prize money towards restoring storm-damaged communities.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Hales \|first=Linda \|date=26 October 2005 \|title=Prince Charles to Accept Scully Prize at Building Museum \|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/25/AR2005102501514.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=19 April 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305002651/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/25/AR2005102501514.html \|archive-date=5 March 2016}}; {{Cite web \|title=The Prince of Wales Accepts Vincent Scully Prize \|url=http://www.artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=15419&int_modo=1 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523221124/http://www.artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=15419&int_modo=1 \|archive-date=23 May 2013 \|access-date=19 April 2013 \|publisher=artdaily.com}}</ref> For his work as patron of New Classical architecture, Charles was awarded the 2012 [[Driehaus Architecture Prize]] from the [[University of Notre Dame]].<ref>{{Cite web \|date=7 February 2012 \|title=Prince Charles honored for his architectural patronage \|url=https://news.nd.edu/news/prince-charles-honored-for-his-architectural-patronage \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824124603/https://news.nd.edu/news/prince-charles-honored-for-his-architectural-patronage \|archive-date=24 August 2020 \|access-date=4 October 2017 \|publisher=Notre Dame News}}</ref> The [[Worshipful Company of Carpenters]] installed Charles as an Honorary Liveryman "in recognition of his interest in London's architecture."<ref>{{Cite web \|title=About Us \|url=http://www.thecarpenterscompany.co.uk/pages/about_us/default.aspx \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717001302/http://www.thecarpenterscompany.co.uk/pages/about_us/default.aspx \|archive-date=17 July 2012 \|access-date=17 June 2012 \|website=Carpenters' Company website}}</ref>

			Charles has occasionally intervened in projects that employ architectural styles such as [[modernism]] and [[Functionalism (architecture)\|functionalism]].<ref>{{Cite web \|date=12 May 2009 \|title=Prince Charles Faces Opponents, Slams Modern Architecture \|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601117&sid=aZWgmQ.WDjtM \|access-date=20 June 2009 \|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] }}</ref><ref name="ArchCon14">{{Cite web \|date=11 May 2009 \|title=Architects urge boycott of Prince Charles speech \|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/30686547 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102172302/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/30686547 \|archive-date=2 January 2014 \|access-date=20 June 2009 \|website=[[NBC News]]}}; {{Cite news \|date=12 May 2009 \|title=Architects to hear Prince appeal \|work=BBC News \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8045027.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=20 June 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202111706/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8045027.stm \|archive-date=2 December 2010}}</ref> In 2009, Charles wrote to the [[Qatari royal family]]{{snd}}the financier of the redevelopment of the [[Chelsea Barracks]] site{{snd}}labelling [[Lord Rogers]]'s design for the site "unsuitable". Rogers claimed that Charles had also intervened to block his designs for the [[Royal Opera House]] and [[Paternoster Square]].<ref name="ArchCon2">{{Cite news \|last=Booth \|first=Robert \|date=15 June 2009 \|title=Prince Charles's meddling in planning 'unconstitutional', says Richard Rogers \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/jun/15/prince-charles-richard-rogers-architecture \|url-status=live \|access-date=20 June 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224162932/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/jun/15/prince-charles-richard-rogers-architecture \|archive-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> CPC Group, the project developer, took a case against [[Qatari Diar]] to the [[High Court of Justice\|High Court]].<ref name="BBC-CPC group">{{Cite web \|date=24 July 2010 \|title=Chelsea Barracks developer apologises to Prince Charles \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-10750914 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626081117/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-10750914 \|archive-date=26 June 2022 \|access-date=26 June 2022 \|website=BBC News}}</ref> After the suit was settled, the CPC Group apologised to Charles "for any offence caused{{nbsp}}... during the course of the proceedings".<ref name="BBC-CPC group"/>

			===Natural environment===
			[[File:H.R.H the Prince of Wales addresses the opening of the Paris Climate Change Conference (23128701230).jpg\|thumb\|Addressing the opening of the [[Paris Climate Change Conference]], November 2015\|alt=Charles delivers a speech at a podium with the French and United Nations flags behind him]]

			Since the 1970s, Charles has promoted environmental awareness.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=1 February 2007 \|title=Prince Charles honored with HMS's Global Environmental Citizen Award \|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/02/prince-charles-honored-with-hmss-global-environmental-citizen-award \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310231535/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/02/prince-charles-honored-with-hmss-global-environmental-citizen-award \|archive-date=10 March 2021 \|access-date=11 October 2021 \|website=[[The Harvard Gazette]]}}</ref> At the age of 21, he delivered his first speech on [[Environmental issues in the United Kingdom\|environmental issues]] in his capacity as the chairman of the Welsh Countryside Committee.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Low \|first=Valentine \|date=19 February 2020 \|title=No one is calling my fears over the climate dotty now, says Prince Charles \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/no-one-is-calling-my-fears-over-the-climate-dotty-now-says-prince-charles-kslhjxj7x \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808225104/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/no-one-is-calling-my-fears-over-the-climate-dotty-now-says-prince-charles-kslhjxj7x \|archive-date=8 August 2022 \|access-date=31 May 2022 \|website=The Times}}</ref> An avid gardener, Charles has also emphasised the importance of [[talking to plants]], stating that "I happily talk to the plants and trees, and listen to them. I think it's absolutely crucial".<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Ferran \|first=Lee \|date=20 September 2010 \|title=Prince Charles Eavesdrops on Tourists, Speaks to Plants \|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/prince-charles-eavesdrops-tourists-speaks-plants/story?id=11679656 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601013004/https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/prince-charles-eavesdrops-tourists-speaks-plants/story?id=11679656 \|archive-date=1 June 2022 \|access-date=31 May 2022 \|website=[[ABC News]]}}</ref> His interest in gardening began in 1980 when he took over the Highgrove estate.<ref name="Guardian-garden">{{Cite web \|last=Vidal \|first=John \|date=15 May 2002 \|title=Charles designs 'healing garden' \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/may/16/monarchy.johnvidal \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215204436/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/may/16/monarchy.johnvidal \|archive-date=15 December 2022 \|access-date=15 December 2022 \|website=The Guardian}}</ref> His "healing garden", based on sacred geometry and ancient religious symbolism, went on display at the [[Chelsea Flower Show]] in 2002.<ref name="Guardian-garden"/>

			Upon moving into Highgrove House, Charles developed an interest in [[organic farming]], which culminated in the 1990 launch of his own organic brand, [[Duchy Originals]],<ref name="duchyoriginals">{{Cite web \|title=Our Story \|url=http://www.duchyoriginals.com/our_story.php \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005065906/http://www.duchyoriginals.com/our_story.php \|archive-date=5 October 2012 \|access-date=22 September 2012 \|publisher=Duchyoriginals.com}}</ref> which sells more than 200 different sustainably produced products; the profits (over £6 million by 2010) are donated to the Prince's Charities.<ref name="duchyoriginals"/><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Rainey \|first=Sarah \|date=12 November 2013 \|title=Why Prince Charles's Duchy Originals takes the biscuit \|work=The Daily Telegraph \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/10433884/Why-Prince-Charless-Duchy-Originals-takes-the-biscuit.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=30 July 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401092056/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/10433884/Why-Prince-Charless-Duchy-Originals-takes-the-biscuit.html \|archive-date=1 April 2021}}</ref> Charles became involved with farming and various industries within it, regularly meeting with farmers to discuss their trade. A prominent critic of the practice,<ref>Spandenburg and Moser 2004, p. 32</ref> Charles has also spoken against the use of [[GM crops]], and in a letter to Tony Blair in 1998, Charles criticised the development of genetically modified foods.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Rosenbaum \|first=Martin \|date=23 January 2019 \|title=Prince Charles warned Tony Blair against GM foods \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-46844454 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510230259/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-46844454 \|archive-date=10 May 2022 \|access-date=10 May 2022 \|website=BBC News}}</ref>

			The Sustainable Markets Initiative{{snd}}a project that encourages putting [[sustainability]] at the centre of all activities{{snd}}was launched by Charles at the [[World Economic Forum]]'s annual meeting in [[Davos]] in January 2020.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Myers \|first=Joe \|date=22 January 2020 \|title=This member of the British Royal Family has a vital message if we are to save the planet \|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/prince-charles-the-crucial-lesson-we-have-to-learn-from-the-climate-crisis \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102060214/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/prince-charles-the-crucial-lesson-we-have-to-learn-from-the-climate-crisis \|archive-date=2 November 2021 \|access-date=2 November 2021 \|website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> In May of the same year, the initiative and the World Economic Forum initiated the [[Great Reset]] project, a five-point plan concerned with enhancing sustainable economic growth following the global recession caused by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Inman \|first=Phillip \|date=3 June 2020 \|title=Pandemic is chance to reset global economy, says Prince Charles \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/03/pandemic-is-chance-to-reset-global-economy-says-prince-charles \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117152600/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/03/pandemic-is-chance-to-reset-global-economy-says-prince-charles \|archive-date=17 November 2020 \|access-date=3 June 2020 \|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
			[[File:PoW & DoC visiting the Hackney City Farm 08.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Visiting [[Hackney City Farm]] in East London with Camilla, May 2009]]

			As early as 1985, Charles was questioning meat consumption. In the ''1985 Royal Special'' television programme'','' he told host [[Alastair Burnet]] that "I actually now don't eat as much meat as I used to. I eat more fish." He also pointed out the societal double standard whereby eating meat is not questioned but eating less meat means "all hell seems to break loose."<ref>{{Cite web \|author1=Emma Dooney \|date=6 June 2023 \|title=King Charles hailed 'ahead of his time' for passionate statement on his dietary preferences \|url=https://www.womanandhome.com/life/royal-news/king-charles-hailed-ahead-of-his-time-for-passionate-statement-on-his-dietary-preferences/ \|access-date=4 July 2023 \|website=Woman and Home Magazine \|archive-date=4 July 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704083949/https://www.womanandhome.com/life/royal-news/king-charles-hailed-ahead-of-his-time-for-passionate-statement-on-his-dietary-preferences/ \|url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021, Charles spoke to the BBC about the environment and revealed that, two days per week, he eats no meat nor fish and, one day per week, he eats no dairy products.<ref>{{Citation \|title=Prince Charles and His Battle for Our Planet \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p09y7bzx/prince-charles-and-his-battle-for-our-planet \|access-date=8 December 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208105203/https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p09y7bzx/prince-charles-and-his-battle-for-our-planet \|url-status=live \|publisher=BBC World News \|archive-date=8 December 2021 \|mode=cs1}}; {{Cite news \|last=Garlick \|first=Hattie \|date=11 October 2021 \|title=How to do the Prince Charles diet – and eat the perfect amount of meat and dairy \|work=The Daily Telegraph \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/body/do-prince-charles-diet-eat-perfect-amount-meat-dairy \|url-status=live \|url-access=subscription \|access-date=8 December 2021 \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/body/do-prince-charles-diet-eat-perfect-amount-meat-dairy \|archive-date=10 January 2022 \|issn=}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2022, it was reported that he eats a breakfast of fruit salad, seeds, and tea. He does not eat lunch, but takes a break for tea at 5:00 p.m. and eats dinner at 8:30 p.m., returning to work until midnight or after.<ref>{{Cite web \|last1=White \|first1=Stephen \|last2=Tetzlaff-Deas \|first2=Benedict \|last3=Munday \|first3=David \|date=12 September 2022 \|title=King Charles doesn't eat lunch and works until midnight \|url=https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/celebs-tv/king-charles-iii-doesnt-eat-7574575 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005081348/https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/celebs-tv/king-charles-iii-doesnt-eat-7574575 \|archive-date=5 October 2022 \|access-date=5 October 2022 \|website=CornwallLive}}</ref> Ahead of [[Christmas dinner#United Kingdom\|Christmas dinner]] in 2022, Charles confirmed to animal rights group [[PETA]] that [[foie gras]] would not be served at any royal residences; he had stopped the use of foie gras at his own properties for more than a decade before becoming king.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=18 November 2022 \|title=King Charles: Foie gras banned at royal residences \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-63676759 \|url-status=live \|access-date=15 December 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215104430/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-63676759 \|archive-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> During a September 2023 state banquet at the [[Palace of Versailles]], it was reported that Charles did not want foie gras or out-of-season asparagus on the menu. Instead he was served lobster. Charles does not like chocolate, coffee, or garlic.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Burchfield \|first=Rachel \|date=20 September 2023 \|title=King Charles Has "A Strict List of Culinary Demands" for Banquet Tonight at Palace of Versailles During State Visit to France \|url=https://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/royals/king-charles-culinary-demands-france/ \|access-date=22 October 2023 \|website=Marie Claire Magazine \|archive-date=29 October 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029173849/https://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/royals/king-charles-culinary-demands-france/ \|url-status=live }}</ref>

			The holy [[chrism]] oil used at Charles's coronation was vegan, made from oils of olive, sesame, rose, jasmine, cinnamon, neroli, and benzoin, along with amber and orange blossom. His mother's chrism oil contained animal-based oils.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=4 March 2023 \|title=Holy oil to be used to anoint King during Coronation is vegan friendly \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/alice-jerusalem-mother-church-of-england-victoria-b2294169.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328152131/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/alice-jerusalem-mother-church-of-england-victoria-b2294169.html \|archive-date=28 March 2023 \|access-date=28 March 2023 \|website=The Independent (UK)}}</ref>

			Charles delivered a speech at the [[2021 G20 Rome summit]], describing [[COP26]] as "the last chance saloon" for preventing climate change and asking for actions that would lead to a green-led, sustainable economy.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Walker \|first=Peter \|date=31 October 2021 \|title=Cop26 'literally the last chance saloon' to save planet – Prince Charles \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/31/cop26-literally-the-last-chance-saloon-to-save-planet-prince-charles \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031120640/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/31/cop26-literally-the-last-chance-saloon-to-save-planet-prince-charles \|archive-date=31 October 2021 \|access-date=31 October 2021 \|website=The Guardian \|oclc=60623878}}</ref> In his speech at the opening ceremony for COP26, he repeated his sentiments from the previous year, stating that "a vast military-style campaign" was needed "to marshal the strength of the global private sector" for tackling climate change.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Elbaum \|first=Rachel \|date=1 November 2021 \|title=Prince Charles calls for 'warlike footing' in climate fight as world leaders gather \|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/cop26-prince-charles-warn-world-act-climate-change-rcna4217 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102003601/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/cop26-prince-charles-warn-world-act-climate-change-rcna4217 \|archive-date=2 November 2021 \|access-date=2 November 2021 \|website=[[NBC]]}}</ref> In 2022, the media alleged that Liz Truss had advised Charles against attending [[COP27]], to which advice he agreed.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=1 October 2022 \|title=King Charles will not attend climate summit on Truss advice \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-63105522 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213150741/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-63105522 \|archive-date=13 December 2022 \|access-date=1 October 2022 \|website=BBC News}}</ref> Charles delivered the opening speech at [[COP28]], saying among others he prayed "with all my heart that COP28 will be a critical turning point towards genuine transformational action."<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Paddison \|first1=Laura \|title=King Charles says world heading for 'dangerous uncharted territory' at global leaders summit \|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/12/01/climate/king-charles-cop28-uae-investment-unsg-climate-intl/index.html \|access-date=19 December 2023 \|agency=CNN \|date=1 December 2023 \|archive-date=19 December 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219155202/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/12/01/climate/king-charles-cop28-uae-investment-unsg-climate-intl/index.html \|url-status=live }}</ref>

			Charles, who is patron of the [[Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership]], introduced the Climate Action Scholarships for students from small island nations in partnership with University of Cambridge, [[University of Toronto]], [[University of Melbourne]], [[McMaster University]], and [[University of Montreal]] in March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=14 March 2022 \|title=The Prince of Wales launches climate action scholarships for small island nation students \|url=https://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/prince-wales-launches-climate-action-scholarships-small-island-nation-students \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314122504/https://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/prince-wales-launches-climate-action-scholarships-small-island-nation-students \|archive-date=14 March 2022 \|access-date=1 April 2022 \|website=Prince of Wales}}</ref> In 2010 he funded The Prince's Countryside Fund (renamed The Royal Countryside Fund in 2023), a charity which aims for a "confident, robust and sustainable agricultural and rural community".<ref name="Prince">[http://www.princescountrysidefund.org.uk/who-we-are/about-us about-us] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517141213/https://www.princescountrysidefund.org.uk/who-we-are/about-us \|date=17 May 2021 }} The Prince's Countryside Fund – 26 December 2018</ref>

			=== Alternative medicine ===
			{{See also\|The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health\|The College of Medicine}}Charles has controversially championed [[alternative medicine]], including [[homeopathy]].<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Feder \|first=Barnaby J. \|date=9 January 1985 \|title=More Britons Trying Holistic Medicine \|work=The New York Times \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/09/garden/more-britons-trying-holistic-medicine.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=12 October 2008 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601212116/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/09/garden/more-britons-trying-holistic-medicine.html \|archive-date=1 June 2013 \|oclc=1645522}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> He first publicly expressed his interest in the topic in December 1982, in an address to the [[British Medical Association]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Bower \|first=Tom \|title=The Rebel Prince, The Power, Passion and Defiance of Prince Charles \|date=2018 \|publisher=William Collins \|isbn=978-0-0082-9173-0 \|location=London \|chapter="Chapter 6" \|author-link=Tom Bower}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|author=The Prince of Wales \|date=December 2012 \|title=Integrated health and post modern medicine \|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine \|volume=105 \|issue=12 \|pages=496–498 \|doi=10.1258/jrsm.2012.12k095 \|pmc=3536513 \|pmid=23263785}}; {{Cite web \|last=Hamilton-Smith \|first=Anthony \|date=9 April 1990 \|title=Medicine: Complementary and Conventional Treatments \|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/1990-04-09/debates/6296182a-aae3-4b12-af8d-725a4f1f5325/MedicineComplementaryAndConventionaltreatments \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913190402/https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/1990-04-09/debates/6296182a-aae3-4b12-af8d-725a4f1f5325/MedicineComplementaryAndConventionaltreatments \|archive-date=13 September 2022 \|access-date=13 September 2022}}; {{cite web \|last=Rainey \|first=Sarah \|date=12 November 2013 \|title=Prince Charles and homeopathy: crank or revolutionary? \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/10433939/Prince-Charles-and-homeopathy-crank-or-revolutionary.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214095738/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/10433939/Prince-Charles-and-homeopathy-crank-or-revolutionary.html \|archive-date=14 February 2021 \|access-date=22 June 2022 \|website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] \|quote=}}</ref> This speech was seen as "combative" and "critical" of modern medicine and was met with anger by some medical professionals.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal \|last=Rawlins \|first=Richard \|date=March 2013 \|title=Response to HRH \|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine \|volume=106 \|issue=3 \|pages=79–80 \|doi=10.1177/0141076813478789 \|pmc=3595413 \|pmid=23481428 \|quote=}}; {{Cite book \|last=Ernst \|first=Edzard \|title=Charles, the alternative prince an unauthorised biography \|date=2022 \|publisher=Imprint Academic \|isbn=978-1-7883-6070-8}}; {{Cite journal \|last=Weissmann \|first=Gerald \|date=September 2006 \|title=Homeopathy: Holmes, Hogwarts, and the Prince of Wales \|journal=The FASEB Journal \|volume=20 \|issue=11 \|pages=1755–1758 \|doi=10.1096/fj.06-0901ufm \|pmid=16940145 \|s2cid=9305843 \|quote=\|doi-access=free }}</ref> Similarly, [[the Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health]] (FIH) attracted opposition from the scientific and medical community over its campaign encouraging [[general practitioner]]s to offer [[Herbal medicine\|herbal]] and other alternative treatments to [[NHS]] patients.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Carr-Brown \|first=Jonathon \|date=14 August 2005 \|title=Charles's 'alternative GP' campaign stirs anger \|work=[[The Times]] \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/charless-alternative-gp-campaign-stirs-anger-zlq9rbk9ndf \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 March 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622192659/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/charless-alternative-gp-campaign-stirs-anger-zlq9rbk9ndf \|archive-date=22 June 2018}} {{Subscription required}}</ref><ref name="guardian-coffee-cancer">{{Cite news \|last=Revill \|first=Jo \|date=27 June 2004 \|title=Now Charles backs coffee cure for cancer \|work=[[The Observer]] \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2004/jun/27/themonarchy.medicineandhealth \|url-status=live \|access-date=19 June 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927115424/http://www.theguardian.com/society/2004/jun/27/themonarchy.medicineandhealth \|archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref>

			In April 2008, ''The Times'' published a letter from [[Edzard Ernst]], Professor of [[Complementary Medicine]] at the [[University of Exeter]], which asked the FIH to recall two guides promoting alternative medicine. That year, Ernst published a book with [[Simon Singh]] called ''[[Trick or Treatment: Alternative Medicine on Trial]]'' and mockingly dedicated to "HRH the Prince of Wales". The last chapter is highly critical of Charles's advocacy of complementary and alternative treatments.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Singh \|first1=Simon \|title=Trick or Treatment: Alternative Medicine on Trial \|title-link=Trick or Treatment? \|last2=Ernst \|first2=Edzard \|date=2008 \|publisher=[[Bantam Press]] \|author-link=Simon Singh \|author-link2=Edzard Ernst}}</ref>

			Charles's Duchy Originals produced a variety of complementary medicinal products, including a "Detox Tincture" that Ernst denounced as "financially exploiting the vulnerable" and "outright [[quackery]]".<ref name="TelegraphAltMed">{{Cite news \|last=Walker \|first=Tim \|date=31 October 2009 \|title=Prince Charles lobbies Andy Burnham on complementary medicine for NHS \|work=The Telegraph \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/mandrake/6474595/Prince-Charles-lobbies-Andy-Burnham-on-complementary-medicine-for-NHS.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=1 April 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327154332/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/mandrake/6474595/Prince-Charles-lobbies-Andy-Burnham-on-complementary-medicine-for-NHS.html \|archive-date=27 March 2010}}</ref> Charles personally wrote at least seven letters<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Colquhoun \|first=David \|author-link=David Colquhoun \|date=12 March 2007 \|title=HRH 'meddling in politics' \|url=http://www.dcscience.net/?p=89 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115065128/http://www.dcscience.net/?p=89 \|archive-date=15 November 2010 \|access-date=6 November 2009 \|publisher=DC's Improbable Science}}</ref> to the [[Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency]] shortly before it relaxed the rules governing labelling of such herbal products, a move that was widely condemned by scientists and medical bodies.<ref>{{Cite news \|last1=Hawkes \|first1=Nigel \|last2=Henderson \|first2=Mark \|date=1 September 2006 \|title=Doctors attack natural remedy claims \|work=[[The Times]] \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/doctors-attack-natural-remedy-claims-mchf8nkw22j \|url-status=live \|access-date=22 June 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622193109/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/doctors-attack-natural-remedy-claims-mchf8nkw22j \|archive-date=22 June 2018}} {{subscription required}}</ref> It was reported in October 2009 that Charles had lobbied the health secretary, [[Andy Burnham]], regarding greater provision of alternative treatments in the NHS.<ref name=TelegraphAltMed/>

			Following accounting irregularities, the FIH announced its closure in April 2010.<ref>{{Cite web \|work=FIH \|date=30 April 2010 \|title=Statement from the Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health \|url=http://www.fih.org.uk/media_centre/closure_of_fih.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202063318/http://www.fih.org.uk/media_centre/closure_of_fih.html \|archive-date=2 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="GuardianCollege">{{Cite news \|last=Sample \|first=Ian \|date=2 August 2010 \|title=College of Medicine born from ashes of Prince Charles's holistic health charity \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/aug/02/prince-charles-college-medicine-holistic-complementary \|url-status=live \|access-date=24 September 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803055156/http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2010/aug/02/prince-charles-college-medicine-holistic-complementary \|archive-date=3 August 2010 \|oclc=60623878}}</ref> The FIH was re-branded and re-launched later in the year as the [[College of Medicine (UK)\|College of Medicine]],<ref name=GuardianCollege/><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Colquhoun \|first=David \|author-link=David Colquhoun \|date=29 October 2010 \|title=Don't be deceived. The new "College of Medicine" is a fraud and delusion \|url=http://www.dcscience.net/?p=3632 \|url-status=live \|access-date=24 September 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911051401/http://www.dcscience.net/?p=3632 \|archive-date=11 September 2012}}; {{Cite journal \|last=Hawkes \|first=Nigel \|date=29 October 2010 \|title=Prince's foundation metamorphoses into new College of Medicine \|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c6126.full \|url-status=live \|journal=[[British Medical Journal]] \|volume=341 \|issue=1 \|page=6126 \|doi=10.1136/bmj.c6126 \|issn=0959-8138 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202052820/http://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c6126.full \|archive-date=2 December 2010 \|access-date=17 December 2010 \|s2cid=72649598}}</ref> of which Charles became a patron in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=17 December 2019 \|title=HRH The Prince of Wales is announced as College of Medicine Patron \|url=https://collegeofmedicine.org.uk/hrh-the-prince-of-wales-is-announced-as-college-of-medicine-patron \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625044939/https://collegeofmedicine.org.uk/hrh-the-prince-of-wales-is-announced-as-college-of-medicine-patron \|archive-date=25 June 2022 \|access-date=22 June 2022 \|website=College of Medicine}}</ref>

			===Sports===
			[[File:2005 chakravarty day teams, Ham Polo Club.jpg\|thumb\|Charles (at front) at the 2005 Chakravarty Cup Match at Ham Polo Club, June 2005\|alt=Charles and others on horseback during a game of polo]]

			From his youth until 2005, Charles was an avid player of competitive [[polo]].<ref>{{Cite web \|date=17 November 2005 \|title=Charles decides to retire from polo playing at 57 \|url=https://theguardian.com/uk/2005/nov/18/monarchy.uknews2 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514135234/https://theguardian.com/uk/2005/nov/18/monarchy.uknews2 \|archive-date=14 May 2023 \|access-date=14 May 2023 \|website=The Guardian \|oclc=60623878}}</ref> Charles also frequently took part in [[fox hunting]] until [[Hunting Act 2004\|the sport was banned in the United Kingdom]] in 2005.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Revesz \|first=Rachel \|date=24 July 2017 \|title=Prince Charles secret letters to Tony Blair over fox hunting get information commissioner's green light for publishing \|work=The Independent (UK) \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/prince-charles-tony-blair-fox-hunting-letters-published-information-commissioner-public-read-royal-wales-a7856651.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 April 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421154411/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/prince-charles-tony-blair-fox-hunting-letters-published-information-commissioner-public-read-royal-wales-a7856651.html \|archive-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> By the late 1990s, opposition to the activity was growing when Charles's participation was viewed as a "political statement" by those who were opposed to it.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=30 October 1999 \|title=Prince Charles takes sons hunting \|work=BBC News \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/496138.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 April 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726204121/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/496138.stm \|archive-date=26 July 2008}}</ref> Charles suffered several polo and hunting-related injuries throughout the years, including a two-inch scar on his left cheek in 1980, a broken arm in 1990, a torn cartilage in his left knee in 1992, a broken rib in 1998, and a fractured shoulder in 2001.<ref name="health-issues"/>

			Charles has been a keen salmon angler since youth and supported [[Orri Vigfússon]]'s efforts to protect the North Atlantic salmon. He frequently fishes the [[River Dee, Aberdeenshire\|River Dee]] in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and claims his most special angling memories are from his time spent in [[Vopnafjörður]], Iceland.<ref>{{Cite book \|title=A Celebration of Salmon Rivers: The World's Finest Atlantic Salmon Rivers \|date=2007 \|publisher=Stackpole Books \|isbn=978-1-8736-7427-7 \|editor-last=Ashton \|editor-first=John B. \|page=7 \|editor-last2=Latimer \|editor-first2=Adrian}}</ref> Charles is a supporter of [[Burnley F.C.]]<ref>{{Cite news \|date=15 February 2012 \|title=Prince of Wales supports Burnley football club \|work=The Daily Telegraph \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/9085234/Prince-of-Wales-supports-Burnley-football-club.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=29 September 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406123947/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/9085234/Prince-of-Wales-supports-Burnley-football-club.html \|archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref>

			Apart from hunting, Charles has also participated in target rifle competitions, representing the House of Lords in the Vizianagram Match (Lords vs. Commons) at [[Bisley Camp\|Bisley]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=History \|url=https://nra.org.uk/who-are-we/history \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901113347/https://nra.org.uk/who-are-we/history \|archive-date=1 September 2022 \|access-date=13 October 2022 \|website=National Rifle Association}}</ref> He became President of the British [[National Rifle Association (United Kingdom)\|National Rifle Association]] in 1977.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=National Rifle Association \|url=https://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/patronage/national-rifle-association \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804145526/https://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/patronage/national-rifle-association \|archive-date=4 August 2020 \|access-date=13 October 2022 \|website=Prince of Wales}}</ref>

			===Visual, performing, and literary arts===
			{{Further\|Bibliography of Charles III}}
			Charles has been involved in performance since his youth, and appeared in [[sketch comedy\|sketches]] and [[revue]]s while studying at Cambridge.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Hallemann \|first=Caroline \|date=5 November 2019 \|title=Vintage Photos of Prince Charles at Cambridge Prove Meghan Markle Isn't the Only Actor in the Royal Family \|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/g28690847/prince-charles-cambridge-trinity-college-photos \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523030911/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/g28690847/prince-charles-cambridge-trinity-college-photos \|archive-date=23 May 2022 \|access-date=22 June 2022 \|website=Town & Country}}</ref>

			[[File:Rsc president prince charles.jpg\|thumb\|left\|upright\|At a performance of ''[[Henry V (play)\|Henry V]]'' at the [[Courtyard Theatre]] in 2007\|alt=Charles in a brown coat attending a performance of Henry V in Stratford-upon-Avon]]
			Charles is president or patron of more than 20 performing arts organisations, including the [[Royal College of Music]], [[the Royal Opera\|Royal Opera]], [[English Chamber Orchestra]], [[Philharmonia Orchestra]], [[Welsh National Opera]], [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (attending performances in [[Stratford-Upon-Avon]], supporting fundraising events, and attending the company's annual general meeting),<ref name="arts">{{Cite web \|title=Performing Arts \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/interests/performingarts \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621194042/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/interests/performingarts \|archive-date=21 June 2012 \|access-date=17 June 2012 \|publisher=Prince of Wales official website}}</ref> [[British Film Institute]],<ref>{{Cite web \|date=6 December 2018 \|title=The Prince of Wales visits the BFI Southbank \|url=https://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/prince-wales-visits-bfi-southbank \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929021537/https://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/prince-wales-visits-bfi-southbank \|archive-date=29 September 2021 \|access-date=28 September 2021 \|publisher=Prince of Wales official website}}</ref> and [[Purcell School]]. In 2000, he revived the tradition of appointing [[Official Harpist to the Prince of Wales\|an official harpist to the Prince of Wales]], in order to foster Welsh talent at playing the national instrument of Wales.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=TRH continue their annual tour of Wales \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/trh_continue_their_annual_tour_of_wales_820.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071119023007/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/trh_continue_their_annual_tour_of_wales_820.html \|archive-date=19 November 2007 \|access-date=19 April 2013 \|publisher=Prince of Wales website}}</ref>

			Charles is a keen [[watercolour]]ist, having published books on the subject and exhibited and sold a number of his works to raise money for charity; in 2016, it was estimated that he had sold lithographs of his watercolours for a total of £2 million from a shop at his Highgrove House residence. For his 50th birthday, 50 of his watercolours were exhibited at [[Hampton Court Palace]] and, for his 70th birthday, his works were exhibited at the [[National Gallery of Australia]].<ref name="CNN-Watercolours">{{Cite news \|last=Holland \|first=Oscar \|date=12 January 2022 \|title=Prince Charles exhibits dozens of his watercolors, saying painting 'refreshes the soul' \|work=[[CNN]] \|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/prince-charles-paintings-watercolors/index.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=13 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112195916/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/prince-charles-paintings-watercolors/index.html \|archive-date=12 January 2022}}</ref> In 2001, 20 [[lithographs]] of his watercolour paintings illustrating his country estates were exhibited at the [[Florence Biennale\|Florence International Biennale of Contemporary Art]]<ref>{{Cite news \|date=12 December 2001 \|title=Prince Charles wins art award \|work=[[BBC News]] \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1701844.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=22 September 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928071947/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1701844.stm \|archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> and 79 of his paintings were put on display in London in 2022. To mark the 25th anniversary of his investiture as Prince of Wales in 1994, the [[Royal Mail]] issued a series of postage stamps that featured his paintings.<ref name=CNN-Watercolours/> Charles is Honorary President of the [[Royal Academy]] of Arts Development Trust<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Royal Academy Development Trust \|url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/royal-academy-trust \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321092725/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/royal-academy-trust \|archive-date=21 March 2019 \|access-date=25 January 2019 \|website=[[Royal Academy]]}}</ref> and, in 2015, 2022, and 2023, commissioned paintings of 12 [[D-Day]] veterans, seven [[Holocaust]] survivors, and ten members of the [[Windrush generation]], respectively, which went on display at the Queen's Gallery in Buckingham Palace.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=6 June 2015 \|title=D-Day portraits commissioned by Prince Charles go on display \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-33033550 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122205114/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-33033550 \|archive-date=22 November 2022 \|access-date=22 November 2022 \|website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Coughlan \|first=Sean \|date=10 January 2022 \|title=Prince Charles commissions Holocaust survivor portraits \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59957260 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111224834/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59957260 \|archive-date=11 January 2022 \|access-date=11 January 2022 \|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=6 June 2023 \|title=The King commissions 'Windrush: Portraits of a Pioneering Generation' \|url=https://www.royal.uk/news-and-activity/2023-06-06/the-king-commissions-windrush-portraits-of-a-pioneering-generation \|access-date=6 June 2023 \|website=The Royal Family \|archive-date=6 June 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606113736/https://www.royal.uk/news-and-activity/2023-06-06/the-king-commissions-windrush-portraits-of-a-pioneering-generation \|url-status=live }}</ref>

			Charles is the author of several books and has contributed a [[foreword]] or [[preface]] to numerous books by others. He has also written, presented, or been featured in a variety of documentary films.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=HRH the Prince of Wales : A Vision of Britain \|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/418089 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910053540/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/418089 \|archive-date=10 September 2011 \|access-date=1 May 2012 \|publisher=BFI}}; {{cite web \|title=Harmony Movie Website \|url=http://www.theharmonymovie.com/aboutfilm.php \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501213358/http://www.theharmonymovie.com/aboutfilm.php \|archive-date=1 May 2012 \|access-date=1 May 2012 \|publisher=The Harmony Movie}}; {{Cite AV media \|title=The Prince and the Composer \|publisher=BBC Four \|date=1 May 2012}}; {{cite web \|title=Modern TV: The Princes Welsh Village \|url=http://www.moderntv.co.uk/index.php/productions/the-princes-welsh-village \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014041/http://www.moderntv.co.uk/index.php/productions/the-princes-welsh-village \|archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>

			===Religion and philosophy===
			Shortly after his accession to the throne, Charles publicly described himself as "a committed Anglican Christian";<ref name="Davies16Sep22">{{Cite news \|last=Davies \|first=Caroline \|date=16 September 2022 \|title=King tells faith leaders he has personal 'duty to protect diversity of our country' \|work=[[The Guardian]] \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/16/king-tells-faith-leaders-he-has-personal-duty-to-protect-diversity-of-our-country \|url-status=live \|access-date=30 December 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115062151/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/16/king-tells-faith-leaders-he-has-personal-duty-to-protect-diversity-of-our-country \|archive-date=15 January 2023}}.</ref> at age 16, during Easter 1965, he had been [[confirmed]] into the Anglican communion by Archbishop of Canterbury [[Michael Ramsey]] in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.{{sfn\|Holden \|pp=141–142\|1979}} The King is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Queen, the Church and other faiths \|url=https://www.royal.uk/queens-relationship-churches-england-and-scotland-and-other-faiths \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810162529/https://www.royal.uk/queens-relationship-churches-england-and-scotland-and-other-faiths \|archive-date=10 August 2022 \|access-date=21 September 2022 \|website=Official website of the British monarchy}}</ref> and a member of the [[Church of Scotland]]; he swore an oath to uphold that church immediately after he was proclaimed king.<ref>{{Cite press release \|title=King Charles vows to protect the security of the Church of Scotland \|date=10 September 2022 \|publisher=The Church of Scotland \|url=https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/news-and-events/news/2022/articles/king-charles-vows-to-protect-the-security-of-the-church-of-scotland \|access-date=14 September 2022 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914074809/https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/news-and-events/news/2022/articles/king-charles-vows-to-protect-the-security-of-the-church-of-scotland \|archive-date=14 September 2022}}</ref> He attends services at various Anglican churches close to Highgrove<ref>{{Cite news \|date=13 February 2005 \|title=Prince and Camilla attend church \|work=BBC News \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/gloucestershire/4262155.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=25 September 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804192306/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/gloucestershire/4262155.stm \|archive-date=4 August 2017}}</ref> and attends the Church of Scotland's [[Crathie Kirk]] with the rest of the royal family when staying at Balmoral Castle.
			[[File:Otec Jaroslav a JKV Charles.jpg\|thumb\|left\|With [[Czech Orthodox]] priest {{ill\|Jaroslav Šuvarský\|cs}} in [[Prague]], Czech Republic, March 2010\|alt=Charles conversing with Jaroslav Šuvarský]]

			[[Laurens van der Post]] became a friend of Charles in 1977; he was dubbed the prince's "spiritual guru" and was godfather to Prince William.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Garner \|first=Clare \|date=17 December 1996 \|title=Prince's guru dies aged 90 \|work=The Independent (UK) \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/princes-guru-dies-aged-90-1314900.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=31 March 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220174006/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/princes-guru-dies-aged-90-1314900.html \|archive-date=20 December 2012}}</ref> From van der Post, Charles developed a focus on philosophy and an interest in other religions.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=17 December 1996 \|title=African author Laurens van der Post dies in London \|publisher=Irish Times \|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/s-african-author-laurens-van-der-post-dies-in-london-1.116819 \|url-status=live \|access-date=8 February 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308220846/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/s-african-author-laurens-van-der-post-dies-in-london-1.116819 \|archive-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> Charles expressed his philosophical views in his 2010 book, ''[[Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World]]'',<ref>{{Cite news \|date=4 January 2012 \|title=Review: In Harmony with a Philosopher King \|publisher=philosophyinwessex.org \|url=http://www.philosophyinwessex.org/in-harmony-with-a-philosophy-king \|url-status=dead \|access-date=30 July 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808035942/http://www.philosophyinwessex.org/in-harmony-with-a-philosophy-king \|archive-date=8 August 2014}}; {{Cite news \|date=29 March 2013 \|title=It's time for harmony between science and spirituality \|publisher=positivenews.org.uk \|url=http://positivenews.org.uk/2013/wellbeing/spirit/11760/its-time-harmony-science-spirituality \|url-status=live \|access-date=30 July 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808033717/http://positivenews.org.uk/2013/wellbeing/spirit/11760/its-time-harmony-science-spirituality \|archive-date=8 August 2014}}; {{Cite news \|date=6 December 2010 \|title=Books of the Year – Harmony and Farundell \|url=http://philipcarrgomm.wordpress.com/2010/12/06/books-of-the-year-harmony-and-farundell \|url-status=dead \|access-date=30 July 2014 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140805160225/http://philipcarrgomm.wordpress.com/2010/12/06/books-of-the-year-harmony-and-farundell \|archive-date=5 August 2014}}</ref> which won a Nautilus Book Award.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=2011 Nautilus Awards Gold Winners \|url=http://www.nautilusbookawards.com/2011_GOLD_Winners.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219163149/http://nautilusbookawards.com/2011_GOLD_Winners.html \|archive-date=19 December 2011 \|access-date=11 May 2013 \|publisher=Nautilus Book Awards}}</ref> He has also visited [[Eastern Orthodox]] monasteries on [[Mount Athos]],<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Smith \|first=Helena \|date=12 May 2004 \|title=Has Prince Charles found his true spiritual home on a Greek rock? \|work=[[The Guardian]] \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,3604,1214522,00.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=25 September 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401092057/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/may/12/monarchy.helenasmith \|archive-date=1 April 2021 \|issn=1756-3224 \|oclc=60623878}}</ref> in Romania,<ref name="ref1">{{Cite web \|date=13 May 2003 \|title=Prinţul Charles, fermier de Fălticeni \|trans-title=Prince Charles, farm owner in Fălticeni \|url=http://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/printul-charles-fermier-de-falticeni-616319.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105061103/http://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/printul-charles-fermier-de-falticeni-616319.html \|archive-date=5 November 2013 \|website=[[Evenimentul Zilei]] \|language=ro}}</ref> and in Serbia,<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Princ Čarls u manastiru Kovilj \|trans-title=Prince Charles in the Kovilj monastery \|url=https://www.ekspres.net/drustvo/princ-carls-u-manastiru-kovilj \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926035631/https://www.ekspres.net/drustvo/princ-carls-u-manastiru-kovilj \|archive-date=26 September 2017 \|access-date=9 September 2022 \|website=Ekspres.net \|language=sr-Latn}}</ref> and met with Eastern Church leaders in Jerusalem in 2020, during a visit that culminated in an ecumenical service in the [[Church of the Nativity]] in Bethlehem and a walk through the city accompanied by Christian and Muslim dignitaries.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=24 January 2020 \|title=Prince Charles wishes Palestinians 'freedom, justice and equality' \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jan/24/prince-charles-wishes-palestinians-freedom-justice-and-equality-west-bank \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326161121/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jan/24/prince-charles-wishes-palestinians-freedom-justice-and-equality-west-bank \|archive-date=26 March 2020 \|access-date=27 March 2020 \|newspaper=The Guardian}} {{cite web \|date=24 January 2020 \|title=Charles arrives in Bethlehem during historic Palestinian visit \|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2020-01-24/charles-arrives-in-bethlehem-during-historic-palestinian-visit \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327044648/https://www.itv.com/news/2020-01-24/charles-arrives-in-bethlehem-during-historic-palestinian-visit \|archive-date=27 March 2020 \|access-date=27 March 2020 \|publisher=ITV News}}</ref> Charles also attended the consecration of Britain's first [[Syriac Orthodox]] cathedral, [[St Thomas Cathedral, Acton]].<ref>{{Cite web \|date=25 November 2016 \|title=Britain's first Syriac Orthodox Cathedral consecrated \|url=https://www.anglicannews.org/news/2016/11/britains-first-syriac-orthodox-cathedral-consecrated.aspx \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126162550/https://www.anglicannews.org/news/2016/11/britains-first-syriac-orthodox-cathedral-consecrated.aspx \|archive-date=26 November 2016 \|access-date=9 April 2021 \|website=Anglican Communion News Service}}</ref> Charles is patron of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies at the [[University of Oxford]] and attended the inauguration of the [[Markfield Institute of Higher Education]], which is dedicated to Islamic studies in a multicultural context.<ref name="princeofwales">{{Cite web \|date=9 February 2005 \|title=HRH visits the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies new building \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/hrh_visits_the_oxford_centre_for_islamic_studies_new_buildin_566.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20070619191733/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/newsandgallery/news/hrh_visits_the_oxford_centre_for_islamic_studies_new_buildin_566.html \|archive-date=19 June 2007 \|access-date=15 December 2008 \|publisher=The Prince of Wales}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=About OCIS \|url=http://www.oxcis.ac.uk/about.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028192204/http://www.oxcis.ac.uk/about.html \|archive-date=28 October 2007 \|publisher=[[Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies]]}} {{cite web \|publisher=MarkfieldInstitute \|title=Introduction to MIHE \|date=29 January 2009 \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIZHXhVfBEs&t=51s \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308163533/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIZHXhVfBEs&t=51s \|access-date=29 April 2017 \|archive-date=8 March 2021 \|url-status=live}}</ref>

			In his 1994 documentary with Dimbleby, Charles said that, when king, he wished to be seen as a "defender of faith", rather than the British monarch's traditional title of ''[[Defender of the Faith]]'', "preferr[ing] to embrace all religious traditions and 'the pattern of the divine, which I think is in all of us.'"<ref>{{Cite news \|last1=Sullivan \|first1=Kevin \|last2=Boorstein \|first2=Michelle \|date=13 September 2022 \|title=King Charles III may bring new approach to 'Defender of the Faith' \|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/09/13/king-charles-religion-faith \|url-status=live \|access-date=13 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913152120/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/09/13/king-charles-religion-faith \|archive-date=13 September 2022}}</ref> This attracted controversy at the time, as well as speculation that the coronation oath might be altered.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Sherwood \|first=Harriet \|date=9 September 2022 \|title=King Charles to be Defender of the Faith but also a defender of faiths \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/09/king-charles-to-be-defender-of-the-faith-but-also-a-defender-of-faiths \|url-status=live \|access-date=13 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912175237/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/09/king-charles-to-be-defender-of-the-faith-but-also-a-defender-of-faiths \|archive-date=12 September 2022 \|issn=1756-3224 \|oclc=60623878}}</ref> He stated in 2015 that he would retain the title of ''Defender of the Faith'', whilst "ensuring that other people's faiths can also be practised", which he sees as a duty of the Church of England.<ref>{{Cite news \|title=Charles vows to keep "Defender of the Faith" title as King \|publisher=secularism.org.uk \|url=http://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2015/02/charles-vows-to-keep-defender-of-the-faith-title-as-king \|url-status=live \|access-date=24 July 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715203555/http://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2015/02/charles-vows-to-keep-defender-of-the-faith-title-as-king \|archive-date=15 July 2015}}</ref> Charles reaffirmed this theme shortly after his accession and declared that his duties as sovereign included "the duty to protect the diversity of our country, including by protecting the space for faith itself and its practice through the religions, cultures, traditions, and beliefs to which our hearts and minds direct us as individuals."<ref name=Davies16Sep22/> His inclusive, multi-faith approach and his own Christian beliefs were expressed in his first [[Christmas message]] as king.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Coughlan \|first=Sean \|date=26 December 2022 \|title=King Charles' first Christmas speech reflects cost-of-living crisis \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-64053758 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229194241/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-64053758 \|archive-date=29 December 2022 \|access-date=30 December 2022 \|website=BBC News}}</ref>

			== Media image and public opinion ==
			{{more\|Cultural depictions of Charles III}}
			Since his birth, Charles has received close media attention, which increased as he matured. It has been an ambivalent relationship, largely impacted by his marriages to Diana and Camilla and their aftermath, but also centred on his future conduct as king.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Bartlett \|first=Mike \|title=King Charles III \|publisher=Almeida Theatre \|url=http://www.almeida.co.uk/event/kingcharles3 \|url-status=dead \|access-date=27 July 2014 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140805160223/http://www.almeida.co.uk/event/kingcharles3 \|archive-date=5 August 2014}}</ref>
			[[File:President Ronald Reagan, Nancy Reagan, Prince Charles, and Princess Diana in the Yellow Oval Room.jpg\|thumb\|With his first wife, Diana, and [[Ronald Reagan\|Ronald]] and [[Nancy Reagan]] in the [[White House]], November 1985]]

			Described as the "[[Eligible bachelor\|world's most eligible bachelor]]" in the late 1970s,<ref>{{Cite news \|date=1 October 1979 \|title=The Man Who Will Be King \|publisher=[[The Milwaukee Journal]] \|agency=Google News \|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19791001&id=PSwpAAAAIBAJ&pg=4563,324963 \|url-status=dead \|access-date=30 July 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423003801/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19791001&id=PSwpAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6CoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4563,324963 \|archive-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> Charles was subsequently overshadowed by Diana.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=31 August 2016 \|title=Patrick Jephson: Prince Charles Was Unable to Reconcile with Princess Diana's Extraordinary Popularity \|url=http://www.independent.mk/articles/36006/Patrick+Jephson+Prince+Charles+Was+Unable+to+Reconcile+with+Princess+Diana's+Extraordinary+Popularity \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221010930/http://www.independent.mk/articles/36006/Patrick+Jephson+Prince+Charles+Was+Unable+to+Reconcile+with+Princess+Diana%27s+Extraordinary+Popularity \|archive-date=21 February 2017 \|access-date=2 February 2017 \|website=The Independent (UK) \|publisher=Independent Digital News & Media Ltd \|issn=1741-9743 \|oclc=185201487}}</ref> After her death, the media regularly breached Charles's privacy and printed exposés. Known for expressing his opinions, when asked during an interview to mark his 70th birthday whether this would continue in the same way once he is king, he responded "No. It won't. I'm not that stupid. I do realise that it is a separate exercise being sovereign. So, of course, you know, I understand entirely how that should operate."<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Davies \|first=Caroline \|date=7 November 2018 \|title=Prince Charles: 'Me, meddle as a king? I'm not that stupid' \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/nov/08/prince-charles-me-meddle-as-a-king-im-not-that-stupid \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108023237/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/nov/08/prince-charles-me-meddle-as-a-king-im-not-that-stupid \|archive-date=8 November 2018 \|access-date=22 June 2022 \|website=The Guardian}}</ref> In 2023, the ''[[New Statesman]]'' named Charles as the fourth most powerful right-wing figure of the year, describing him as a "[[Traditionalist conservatism\|romantic traditionalist]]" and "the very last [[reactionary]] in public life" for his support of various traditionalist think-tanks and previous writings.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=27 September 2023 \|title=The New Statesman's right power list \|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk-politics/2023/09/the-new-statesmans-right-power-list \|access-date=14 December 2023 \|website=New Statesman \|archive-date=14 December 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214100018/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk-politics/2023/09/the-new-statesmans-right-power-list \|url-status=live }}</ref>

			A 2018 BMG Research poll found that 46 per cent of Britons wanted Charles to abdicate immediately on his mother's death, in favour of William.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Barnes \|first=Tom \|date=2 January 2019 \|title=Almost half of British public want Prince Charles to give throne to William upon Queen's death, survey finds \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/prince-charles-heir-throne-abdicated-william-queen-dies-death-next-in-line-public-opinion-a8704316.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908182957/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/prince-charles-heir-throne-abdicated-william-queen-dies-death-next-in-line-public-opinion-a8704316.html \|archive-date=8 September 2022 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|work=The Independent (UK) \|publisher=Independent Digital News & Media Ltd \|issn=1741-9743 \|oclc=185201487}}</ref> However, a 2021 opinion poll reported that 60 per cent of the British public had a favourable opinion of him.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Kirk \|first=Isabelle \|title=Public opinion of Prince Charles improves in latest royal favourability poll \|url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2021/12/02/public-opinion-prince-charles-improves-latest-roya \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202155651/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2021/12/02/public-opinion-prince-charles-improves-latest-roya \|archive-date=2 December 2021 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|publisher=[[YouGov]]}}</ref> On his accession to the throne, ''[[The Statesman (India)\|The Statesman]]'' reported an opinion poll that put Charles's popularity with the British people at 42 per cent.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=8 September 2022 \|title=Queen Elizabeth II passes away, Prince Charles succeeds as king \|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/world/queen-elizabeth-death-1503109316.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908183307/https://www.thestatesman.com/world/queen-elizabeth-death-1503109316.html \|archive-date=8 September 2022 \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|website=[[The Statesman (India)]]}}</ref> More recent polling suggested that his popularity increased sharply after he became king.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Smith \|first=Matthew \|date=13 September 2022 \|title=Britons' first impressions of King Charles III \|url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2022/09/13/britons-first-impressions-king-charles-iii \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214180051/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2022/09/13/britons-first-impressions-king-charles-iii \|archive-date=14 December 2022 \|access-date=14 December 2022 \|website=yougov.co.uk}}</ref> According to [[YouGov]], as of April 2023, Charles had an approval rating of 55 per cent.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=King Charles III popularity and fame \|url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/explore/public_figure/King_Charles_III \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416190925/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/explore/public_figure/King_Charles_III \|archive-date=16 April 2023 \|access-date=16 April 2023 \|website=YouGov}}</ref>

			===Reaction to press treatment===
			In 1994, German tabloid ''[[Bild]]'' published nude photos of Charles that were taken while he was vacationing in [[Le Barroux]]; they had reportedly been put up for sale for £30,000.<ref name="Independent-Sept94">{{Cite news \|last=Williams \|first=Rhys \|date=7 September 1994 \|title='Hunky' Prince is exposed to public gaze \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/hunky-prince-is-exposed-to-public-gaze-1447414.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718040840/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/hunky-prince-is-exposed-to-public-gaze-1447414.html \|archive-date=18 July 2022 \|access-date=18 July 2022 \|work=The Independent (UK) \|publisher=Independent Digital News & Media Ltd \|issn=1741-9743 \|oclc=185201487}}</ref> Buckingham Palace reacted by stating that it was "unjustifiable for anybody to suffer this sort of intrusion".<ref>{{Cite web \|date=8 September 1994 \|title=German Tabloid Publishes Photo of Nude Prince Charles \|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-09-08-mn-36022-story.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718040840/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-09-08-mn-36022-story.html \|archive-date=18 July 2022 \|access-date=18 July 2022 \|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>

			Charles, "so often a target of the press, got his chance to return fire" in 2002, when addressing "scores of editors, publishers, and other media executives" gathered at [[St Bride's Fleet Street]] to celebrate 300 years of journalism.{{NoteTag\|London's first daily newspaper, the ''[[Daily Courant]]'', was published in 1702.}}<ref name="Woods">{{Cite web \|last=Woods \|first=Audrey \|date=11 March 2002 \|title=Prince Charles Addresses Editors \|url=https://apnews.com/92deb09f64410b55cdfc261db024282b \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918060017/http://www.apnewsarchive.com/2002/Prince-Charles-Addresses-Editors/id-92deb09f64410b55cdfc261db024282b \|archive-date=18 September 2012 \|access-date=17 June 2012 \|publisher=AP News Archive}}</ref> Defending public servants from "the corrosive drip of constant criticism", he noted that the press had been "awkward, cantankerous, cynical, bloody-minded, at times intrusive, at times inaccurate, and at times deeply unfair and harmful to individuals and to institutions."<ref name=Woods/> But, he concluded, regarding his own relations with the press, "from time to time we are probably both a bit hard on each other, exaggerating the downsides and ignoring the good points in each."<ref name=Woods/>
			[[File:FEMA - 18543 - Photograph by Marvin Nauman taken on 11-04-2005 in Louisiana.jpg\|thumb\|right\|With Camilla (centre left) in front of the media pack in the [[French Quarter]] of [[New Orleans]], United States, as part of [[Hurricane Katrina]] recovery efforts, November 2005\|alt=Charles and Camilla amidst a crowd of people, mostly reporters and photographers, in New Orleans]]

			In 2006, Charles [[Prince of Wales v Associated Newspapers Ltd\|filed a court case]] against ''[[The Mail on Sunday]]'', after excerpts of his personal journals were published, revealing his opinions on matters such as the [[transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong]] to China in 1997, in which Charles described the Chinese government officials as "appalling old waxworks".<ref name="BBCjournals">{{Cite news \|date=21 February 2006 \|title=Charles 'adopted dissident role' \|work=BBC News \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4734798.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=2 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202181743/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4734798.stm \|archive-date=2 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="nytimes-charlesgothrone-sept82022">{{Cite news \|last=Landler \|first=Mark \|date=8 September 2022 \|title=Long an Uneasy Prince, King Charles III Takes On a Role He Was Born To \|work=The New York Times \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/08/world/europe/charles-king-uk.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=19 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920024032/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/08/world/europe/charles-king-uk.html \|archive-date=20 September 2022 \|oclc=1645522}}</ref> Charles and Camilla were named in 2011 as [[List of news media phone hacking scandal victims\|individuals whose confidential information was reportedly targeted or actually acquired]] in conjunction with the [[news media phone hacking scandal]].<ref>{{Cite news \|last1=Rainey \|first1=Sarah \|last2=Blenkinsop \|first2=Andrew \|date=13 July 2011 \|title=Phone hacking: who's who in the News International scandal \|work=The Daily Telegraph \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/phone-hacking/8635999/Phone-hacking-whos-who-in-the-News-International-scandal.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=19 December 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219183123/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/phone-hacking/8635999/Phone-hacking-whos-who-in-the-News-International-scandal.html \|archive-date=19 December 2022}}</ref>

			''[[The Independent]]'' noted in 2015 that Charles would only speak to broadcasters "on the condition they have signed a 15-page contract, demanding that [[Clarence House]] attends both the 'rough cut' and 'fine cut' edits of films and, if it is unhappy with the final product, can 'remove the contribution in its entirety from the programme'."<ref name="I.Burrell15">{{Cite news \|last=Burrell \|first=Ian \|date=2 December 2015 \|title=The 15-page contract that reveals how Charles tries to control the media \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/prince-charles-the-15page-contract-that-reveals-how-the-prince-of-wales-tries-to-control-the-media-a6756541.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421210152/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/prince-charles-the-15page-contract-that-reveals-how-the-prince-of-wales-tries-to-control-the-media-a6756541.html \|archive-date=21 April 2022 \|access-date=21 April 2022 \|work=The Independent (UK) \|publisher=Independent Digital News & Media Ltd \|issn=1741-9743 \|oclc=185201487 \|quote="The Independent has learnt that the Prince of Wales will only speak to broadcasters on the condition they have signed a 15-page contract, demanding that Clarence House attends both the “rough cut” and “fine cut” edits of films and, if it is unhappy with the final product, can “remove the contribution in its entirety from the programme”."}}</ref> This contract stipulated that all questions directed at Charles must be pre-approved and [[vetted]] by his representatives.<ref name=I.Burrell15/>

			==Residences and finance==
			{{see also\|Finances of the British royal family}}In 2023, ''[[The Guardian]]'' estimated Charles's personal wealth at [[Pound sterling\|£]]1.8 billion.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news \|last=Pegg \|first=David \|title=Revealed: King Charles's private fortune estimated at £1.8bn \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/ng-interactive/2023/apr/20/revealed-king-charless-private-fortune-estimated-at-almost-2bn \|url-status=live \|access-date=20 April 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420091007/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/ng-interactive/2023/apr/20/revealed-king-charless-private-fortune-estimated-at-almost-2bn \|archive-date=20 April 2023 \|oclc=60623878}}</ref> This estimate includes the assets of the [[Duchy of Lancaster]] worth £653 million (and paying Charles an annual income of £20 million), jewels worth £533 million, real estate worth £330 million, shares and investments worth £142 million, [[Royal Philatelic Collection\|a stamp collection]] worth at least £100 million, racehorses worth £27 million, artworks worth £24 million, and cars worth £6.3 million.<ref name=":0"/> Most of this wealth which Charles inherited from his mother is exempt from inheritance tax.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Boffey \|first=Daniel \|date=13 September 2022 \|title=King Charles will not pay tax on inheritance from the Queen \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/13/king-charles-will-not-pay-tax-on-inheritance-from-the-queen \|url-status=live \|access-date=6 May 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423100639/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/13/king-charles-will-not-pay-tax-on-inheritance-from-the-queen \|archive-date=23 April 2023 \|issn=1756-3224 \|oclc=60623878}}</ref>[[File:Clarence house.jpg\|thumb\|[[Clarence House]], Charles's London residence since 2003\|alt=Photograph of Clarence House, a white building with a Union flag flying over it]]

			Clarence House, previously the residence of the Queen Mother, was Charles's official London residence from 2003, after being renovated at a cost of £4.5 million.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Clarence House \|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/ClarenceHouse/History.aspx \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613204803/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/ClarenceHouse/History.aspx \|archive-date=13 June 2013 \|access-date=1 May 2014 \|publisher=www.royal.gov.uk}}</ref><ref name="BBC-Aug2003">{{Cite news \|date=2 August 2003 \|title=Prince Charles moves into Clarence House \|work=BBC News \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3119473.stm \|url-status=live \|access-date=20 August 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820200116/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3119473.stm \|archive-date=20 August 2022}}</ref> He previously shared apartments eight and nine at Kensington Palace with Diana before moving to [[York House, St James's Palace\|York House]] at St James's Palace, which remained his principal residence until 2003.<ref name=BBC-Aug2003/> Highgrove House in Gloucestershire is owned by the [[Duchy of Cornwall]], having been purchased for Charles's use in 1980, and which he rented for £336,000 per annum.{{sfn\|Temple\|2012}}<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Bates \|first=Stephen \|date=28 July 2005 \|title=MPs tell Prince of Wales: Open up \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/jul/28/monarchy.immigrationpolicy \|access-date=19 May 2023 \|issn=1756-3224 \|oclc=60623878 \|archive-date=23 May 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523030646/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/jul/28/monarchy.immigrationpolicy \|url-status=live }}</ref> Since William became Duke of Cornwall, Charles is expected to pay £700,000 per annum for use of the property.<ref>Bonner, Mehera. [https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/celebs/a41131938/king-charles-pay-prince-william-rent-highgrove "King Charles Has to Pay Prince William £700,000 in Rent to Keep His Highgrove Home"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519171351/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/celebs/a41131938/king-charles-pay-prince-william-rent-highgrove/ \|date=19 May 2023 }}, ''Cosmopolitan'', 9 September 2022</ref> Charles also owns a property near the village of [[Viscri]] in Romania.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Muir \|first=Ellie \|date=31 May 2023 \|title=A fireplace, CD player and a 'little wooden bed': Inside King Charles's Romanian hideaway that you can rent \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/king-charles-romania-transylvania-royal-rent-property-b2348995.html \|access-date=3 June 2023 \|work=The Independent \|publisher=Independent Digital News & Media Ltd \|issn=1741-9743 \|oclc=185201487 \|archive-date=1 June 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601151243/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/king-charles-romania-transylvania-royal-rent-property-b2348995.html \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=14 September 2022 \|title=King Charles owns a Romanian guest house, and you can stay there for less than £100 a night \|url=https://www.houseandgarden.co.uk/article/prince-charles-romania-house-transylvania \|access-date=3 June 2023 \|website=House & Garden \|archive-date=3 June 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603160219/https://www.houseandgarden.co.uk/article/prince-charles-romania-house-transylvania \|url-status=live }}</ref>

			As Prince of Wales, Charles's primary source of income was generated from the Duchy of Cornwall, which owns 133,658 acres of land (around 54,090 hectares), including farming, residential, and commercial properties, as well as an investment portfolio. Since 1993, Charles has paid tax voluntarily under the ''Memorandum of Understanding on Royal Taxation'', updated in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Sovereign Grant Act 2011: guidance \|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sovereign-grant-act-2011-guidance/sovereign-grant-act-2011-guidance#tax \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127195311/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sovereign-grant-act-2011-guidance/sovereign-grant-act-2011-guidance#tax \|archive-date=27 January 2016 \|access-date=3 December 2017 \|publisher=www.gov.uk}}</ref> [[Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs]] were asked in December 2012 to investigate alleged tax avoidance by the Duchy of Cornwall.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Booth \|first=Robert \|date=14 December 2012 \|title=Prince Charles's £700m estate accused of tax avoidance \|work=The Guardian \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/dec/14/prince-charles-estate-tax-avoidance \|url-status=live \|access-date=18 April 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112114506/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/dec/14/prince-charles-estate-tax-avoidance \|archive-date=12 November 2013 \|oclc=60623878}}</ref> The Duchy is named in the [[Paradise Papers]], a set of confidential electronic documents relating to [[offshore investment]] that were leaked to the German newspaper ''[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]''.<ref>{{Cite news \|last1=Munzinger \|first1=Hannes \|last2=Osborne \|first2=Hilary \|date=8 November 2017 \|title=Prinz Charles und seine Offshore-Geschäfte \|language=de \|work=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] \|url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/paradise-papers-prinz-charles-und-seine-offshore-geschaefte-1.3739355 \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 April 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421153444/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/paradise-papers-prinz-charles-und-seine-offshore-geschaefte-1.3739355 \|archive-date=21 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Washington \|first=Stuart \|date=8 November 2017 \|title=Paradise Papers: Prince Charles's estate, the Duchy of Cornwall, invested through Caribbean tax havens \|work=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] \|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-08/paradise-papers-prince-charles-invested-through-tax-havens/9129830 \|url-status=live \|access-date=21 April 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421154947/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-08/paradise-papers-prince-charles-invested-through-tax-havens/9129830 \|archive-date=21 April 2023}}</ref>

			== Titles, styles, honours, and arms ==
			{{Main\|List of titles and honours of Charles III}}
			{{See also\|List of awards received by Charles III}}
			{{Multiple image
			\| total_width = 220
			\| image1 = Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III.svg
			\| alt1 = A logo with "CR III" and a crown (coloured)
			\| caption1 = [[Royal cypher]] of Charles III, surmounted by the [[Tudor Crown (heraldry)\|Tudor Crown]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite news \|date=26 September 2022 \|title=King Charles: New royal cypher revealed \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-63034255 \|url-status=live \|access-date=26 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926211057/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-63034255 \|archive-date=26 September 2022}}</ref>
			\| image2 = Royal Cypher of King Charles III (Scotland).svg
			\| alt2 = A logo with "CR III" and a crown
			\| caption2 = Scottish royal cypher of Charles III, surmounted by the [[Crown of Scotland]]<ref name="auto"/>
			}}

			===Titles and styles===
			Charles has held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is sovereign of many orders in his own countries and has received honours and awards from around the world.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Prince of Wales visits the Royal Gurkha Rifles and Knole House \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/news-and-diary/the-prince-of-wales-visits-the-royal-gurkha-rifles-and-knole-house \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502003443/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/news-and-diary/the-prince-of-wales-visits-the-royal-gurkha-rifles-and-knole-house \|archive-date=2 May 2014 \|access-date=1 May 2014 \|publisher=Prince of Wales}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=16 June 2012 \|title=The Queen Appoints the Prince of Wales to Honorary Five-Star rank \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/the_queen_appoints_the_prince_of_wales_to_honorary_five_star_1126275880.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629032823/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/the_queen_appoints_the_prince_of_wales_to_honorary_five_star_1126275880.html \|archive-date=29 June 2012 \|access-date=27 June 2012 \|publisher=The Prince of Wales website}}; {{cite web \|date=16 June 2012 \|title=Prince Charles awarded highest rank in all three armed forces \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/9335960/Prince-Charles-awarded-highest-rank-in-all-three-armed-forces.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616180559/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/9335960/Prince-Charles-awarded-highest-rank-in-all-three-armed-forces.html \|archive-date=16 June 2012 \|access-date=7 June 2012 \|website=The Daily Telegraph}}; {{London Gazette
			\| issue = 60350
			\| date = 7 December 2012
			\| page = 23557
			}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=9 November 1948 \|title=The London Gazette, Issue 38452, Page 5889 \|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38452/page/5889 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912205719/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38452/page/5889 \|archive-date=12 September 2022 \|access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=9 April 2021 \|title=HRH The Duke of Edinburgh \|url=https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/news-grants/news/item/187-hrh-the-duke-of-edinburgh \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411005304/https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/news-grants/news/item/187-hrh-the-duke-of-edinburgh \|archive-date=11 April 2021 \|access-date=7 May 2021 \|website=[[College of Arms]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Malloch \|first=Russell \|date=24 April 2023 \|title=King Charles III and The Gazette: Commonwealth awards \|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/104162 \|access-date=9 May 2023 \|website=The Gazette \|archive-date=9 May 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509021155/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/104162 \|url-status=live }}</ref> In each of his realms, he has a distinct title that follows a similar formula: ''King of Saint Lucia and of His other Realms and Territories'' in [[Monarchy of Saint Lucia\|Saint Lucia]], ''King of Australia and His other Realms and Territories'' in Australia, etc. In the [[Isle of Man]], which is a [[Crown Dependency]] rather than a separate realm, he is known as [[Lord of Mann]]. Charles is also styled ''[[Defender of the Faith]]''.

			There had been speculation throughout Elizabeth II's reign as to what [[regnal name]] Charles would choose upon his accession; instead of ''Charles III'', he could have chosen to reign as ''George VII'' or used one of his other given names.<ref>{{Cite web \|author=Guy Jones \|date=28 November 1958 \|title=Motto may be more to Charles than to any of predecessors \|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119946285/the-journal-herald \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301094745/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119946285/the-journal-herald \|archive-date=1 March 2023 \|access-date=1 March 2023 \|website=Newspapers.com \|page=15}} {{Cite web \|title=Prince seeks to uphold popularity of monarchy \|author=David Gaddis Smith \|work=[[The Newport Daily News\|Newport News]] \|via=Newspapers.com \|date=3 May 1981 \|access-date=1 March 2023 \|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119946396/daily-press \|archive-date=1 March 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301094744/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119946396/daily-press \|url-status=live }} {{Cite web \|title=Londoner's Diary: Princely glove is not picked up \|author= \|via=Newspapers.com \|work=Evening Standard \|date=29 April 1987 \|access-date=1 March 2023 \|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119946346/evening-standard \|archive-date=1 March 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301094744/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119946346/evening-standard \|url-status=live }} {{Cite web \|title=Charles prefers George VII for his kingly title \|author=Christopher Morgan \|via=Newspapers.com \|work=Calgary Herald \|date=13 February 2000 \|access-date=1 March 2023 \|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119946417/calgary-herald \|archive-date=1 March 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301094747/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119946417/calgary-herald \|url-status=live }} {{Cite web \|title=Here's Why Prince Charles Could Be Called George VII When He's King \|author=Phil Boucher \|work=[[People (magazine)\|People]] \|date=15 August 2018 \|access-date=1 March 2023 \|url=https://people.com/royals/heres-why-prince-charles-could-be-called-george-vii-when-hes-king \|archive-date=1 March 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301094745/https://people.com/royals/heres-why-prince-charles-could-be-called-george-vii-when-hes-king \|url-status=live }}</ref> It was reported that he might use George in honour of his grandfather George VI and to avoid associations with previous controversial kings named Charles.{{NoteTag\|Namely, the [[House of Stuart\|Stuart]] kings [[Charles I of England\|Charles I]], who [[Execution of Charles I\|was beheaded]], and [[Charles II of England\|Charles II]], who was known for his promiscuous lifestyle. [[Charles Edward Stuart]], once a Stuart pretender to the English and Scottish thrones, was called ''Charles III'' by [[Jacobitism\|his supporters]].<ref name="CallMeGeorge">{{Cite news \|last=Pierce \|first=Andrew \|date=24 December 2005 \|title=Call me George, suggests Charles \|work=The Times \|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/call-me-george-suggests-charles-xqqg2th2r23 \|url-status=live \|url-access=subscription \|access-date=13 July 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622193059/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/call-me-george-suggests-charles-xqqg2th2r23 \|archive-date=22 June 2018}}</ref>}}<ref name=CallMeGeorge/><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Cruse \|first=Beth \|date=23 May 2021 \|title=The 4 names Prince Charles could choose when he becomes king \|work=[[Nottingham Post]] \|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/4-names-prince-charles-could-5446836 \|url-status=live \|access-date=28 February 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228190148/https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/4-names-prince-charles-could-5446836 \|archive-date=28 February 2023}}</ref> Charles's office asserted in 2005 that no decision had yet been made.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=White \|first=Michael \|date=27 December 2005 \|title=Charles denies planning to reign as King George \|work=[[The Guardian]] \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/dec/27/monarchy.michaelwhite \|url-status=live \|access-date=2 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002150016/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/dec/27/monarchy.michaelwhite \|archive-date=2 October 2013 \|issn=1756-3224 \|oclc=60623878 \|quote="Clarence House yesterday issued a pained denial of claims that the Prince of Wales has held private discussions with "trusted friends" about the possibility of reigning as George VII rather than risk the negative connotations attached to the name King Charles."}}</ref> Speculation continued for a few hours following his mother's death,<ref>{{Cite web \|date=8 September 2022 \|title=Accession of Charles III: 'A monarch's choice of name is not a trivial thing' \|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2022/09/18/accession-of-charles-iii-a-monarch-s-choice-of-name-is-not-a-trivial-thing_5997394_23.html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301095656/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2022/09/18/accession-of-charles-iii-a-monarch-s-choice-of-name-is-not-a-trivial-thing_5997394_23.html \|archive-date=1 March 2023 \|access-date=1 March 2023 \|website=Le Monde}}</ref> until Liz Truss announced and Clarence House confirmed that Charles had chosen the regnal name ''Charles III''.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=9 September 2022 \|title=Charles chooses Charles III for his title as King \|work=The Independent (UK) \|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/mother-liz-truss-downing-street-prince-george-christian-b2163145.html \|url-status=live \|access-date=16 April 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909080336/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/mother-liz-truss-downing-street-prince-george-christian-b2163145.html \|archive-date=9 September 2022 \|quote="Charles has become King Charles III – with his title as monarch a personal choice that was entirely his own."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|date=8 September 2022 \|title=Britain's new monarch to be known as King Charles III \|work=[[Reuters]] \|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/britains-new-monarch-be-known-king-charles-iii-2022-09-08 \|url-status=live \|access-date=8 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908183620/https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/britains-new-monarch-be-known-king-charles-iii-2022-09-08 \|archive-date=8 September 2022 \|quote="Clarence House confirmed on Thursday that Britain's new monarch will be known as King Charles III, following the death of Queen Elizabeth, PA Media reported on Thursday."}}</ref>

			Charles, who left active military service in 1976, was awarded the highest rank in all three armed services in 2012 by Queen Elizabeth II: [[Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)\|Admiral of the Fleet]], [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)\|Field Marshal]], and [[Marshal of the Royal Air Force]].<ref name=ward>{{cite web \| last=Ward \| first=EJ \| title=King Charles military service and career: What medals does he have? \| website=LBC \| date=5 May 2023 \| url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/explained/king-charles-medals-military-uniform-rank/ \| access-date=7 December 2023 \| archive-date=12 December 2023 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212181030/https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/explained/king-charles-medals-military-uniform-rank/ \| url-status=live }}</ref>

			===Arms===
			{{Further\|Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales\|Coat of arms of the United Kingdom\|Coat of arms of Canada}}

			As Prince of Wales, Charles's coat of arms was based on the arms of the United Kingdom, differenced with a white label and an [[inescutcheon]] of the Principality of Wales, surmounted by the heir apparent's crown, and with the motto {{lang\|de\|Ich dien}} ({{IPA-de\|ɪç ˈdiːn\|lang}}, "I serve") instead of ''Dieu et mon droit''.

			When Charles became king, he inherited the royal coats of arms of the United Kingdom and of Canada.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2022 \|title=Coats of Arms \|url=https://www.royal.uk/coats-arms \|access-date=18 May 2023 \|website=The Royal Family \|archive-date=22 September 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922084041/https://www.royal.uk/coats-arms \|url-status=live }}</ref> The design of his royal cypher, featuring a depiction of the [[Tudor Crown (heraldry)\|Tudor crown]] instead of [[St Edward's Crown]], was revealed on 27 September 2022. According to the [[College of Arms]], the Tudor crown will now be used in representations of the royal arms of the United Kingdom and on uniforms and crown badges.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Royal Cypher \|url=https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/news-grants/news/item/205-royal-cypher \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927145228/https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/news-grants/news/item/205-royal-cypher \|archive-date=27 September 2022 \|access-date=28 September 2022 \|publisher=College of Arms}}</ref>

			{{multiple image
			\|align =center
			\|total_width =700
			\|perrow =
			\|image1 =Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales.svg
			\|caption1 =Coat of arms as Prince of Wales (1958–2022)
			\|image2 =Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (Tudor crown).svg
			\|caption2 =Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
			\|image3 =Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (Scotland).svg
			\|caption3 =Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom for use in Scotland
			\|image4 =Royal Coat of Arms of Canada.svg
			\|caption4 =Royal coat of arms of Canada
			\|footer =
			}}

			===Banners, flags, and standards===
			{{See also\|Flags of Charles III}}

			====As heir apparent====
			The banners used by Charles as Prince of Wales varied depending upon location. His personal standard for the United Kingdom was the [[Royal Standard of the United Kingdom]] differenced as in his arms, with a label of three points ''argent'' and the escutcheon of the arms of the Principality of Wales in the centre. It was used outside Wales, Scotland, Cornwall, and Canada, and throughout the entire United Kingdom when Charles was acting in an official capacity associated with the British Armed Forces.<ref name="flags">{{Cite web \|title=Standards \|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/the-prince-of-wales/titles-and-heraldry/standards \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607014357/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/the-prince-of-wales/titles-and-heraldry/standards \|archive-date=7 June 2016 \|access-date=31 August 2016 \|publisher=Prince of Wales}}</ref>

			The personal flag for use in Wales was based upon the [[Royal Badge of Wales]].<ref name=flags/> In Scotland, the personal banner used between 1974 and 2022 was based upon three ancient Scottish titles: Duke of Rothesay (heir apparent to the [[King of Scots]]), [[High Steward of Scotland]], and Lord of the Isles. In Cornwall, the banner was the arms of the Duke of Cornwall.<ref name=flags/>

			In 2011, the [[Canadian Heraldic Authority]] introduced a [[Royal standards of Canada#Members of the royal family\|personal heraldic banner]] for the Prince of Wales for Canada, consisting of the shield of the [[Royal Coat of Arms of Canada]] defaced with both a blue [[roundel (heraldry)\|roundel]] of the [[Prince of Wales's feathers]] surrounded by a wreath of gold maple leaves and a white label of three points.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Prince of Wales \|url=http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=2281 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185440/http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=2281 \|archive-date=4 March 2016 \|access-date=4 January 2016 \|website=Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges \|publisher=Office of the Governor General of Canada: Canadian Heraldic Authority}}</ref>
			{{multiple image
			\|align =center
			\|total_width =700
			\|perrow =
			\|header =[[Banner of arms\|Banners of arms]]
			\|caption_align =center
			\|image1 =Royal Standard of the Prince of Wales.svg
			\|caption1 =Royal standard of the Prince of Wales for the United Kingdom
			\|image2 =Personal Banner of the Prince of Wales.svg
			\|caption2 =Standard for Wales
			\|image3 =Personal Banner of the Duke of Rothesay.svg
			\|caption3 =Standard for Scotland
			\|image4 =Flag of the Duke of Cornwall.svg
			\|caption4 =Banner of arms of the Duke of Cornwall
			\|image5 =Royal Standard of the Prince of Wales (in Canada).svg
			\|caption5 =Royal standard of the Prince of Wales for Canada
			\|footer =
			}}

			====As sovereign====
			{{Main\|Royal Standard of the United Kingdom\|Royal standards of Canada}}

			The royal standard of the United Kingdom is used to represent the King in the United Kingdom and on official visits overseas, except in Canada. It is the royal arms in banner form undifferentiated, having been used by successive British monarchs since 1702. The royal standard of Canada is used by the King in Canada and while acting on behalf of Canada overseas. It is the ''[[Escutcheon (heraldry)\|escutcheon]]'' of the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada in banner form undifferentiated.

			{{Multiple image
			\|perrow =3
			\|total_width =525
			\|align =center
			\|header =Royal Standards
			\|caption_align =center
			\|image1 =Royal Standard of the United Kingdom.svg
			\|caption1 =United Kingdom (outside Scotland)
			\|image2 =Royal Standard of the United Kingdom (in Scotland).svg
			\|caption2 =Scotland
			\|image3 =Royal Standard of Canada.svg
			\|caption3 =Canada
			}}
			{{clear}}

			== Issue ==
			{\| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			\|-
			! rowspan="2" scope="col" \| Name
			! rowspan="2" scope="col" \| Birth
			! colspan="2" scope="col" \| Marriage
			! rowspan="2" scope="col" \| Children
			\|-
			! scope="col" \| Date
			! scope="col" \| Spouse
			\|-
			! scope="row" \| [[William, Prince of Wales]]
			\| {{Birth date and age\|1982\|6\|21\|df=yes}}
			\| 29 April 2011
			\| [[Catherine Middleton]]
			\| [[Prince George of Wales]]<br/>[[Princess Charlotte of Wales (born 2015)\|Princess Charlotte of Wales]]<br/>[[Prince Louis of Wales]]
			\|-
			! scope="row" \| [[Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex]]
			\| {{Birth date and age\|1984\|9\|15\|df=yes}}
			\| 19 May 2018
			\| [[Meghan Markle]]
			\| {{unbulleted list\|[[Prince Archie of Sussex]] \|[[Princess Lilibet of Sussex]]}}
			\|}

			== Ancestry ==
			{{ahnentafel
			\|collapsed=yes\|align=center \|ref={{sfn\|Paget\|1977}}
			\|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
			\|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
			\|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
			\|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
			\|1= 1. '''Charles III of the United Kingdom'''
			\|2= 2. [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
			\|3= 3. [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]]
			\|4= 4. [[Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark]]
			\|5= 5. [[Princess Alice of Battenberg]]
			\|6= 6. [[George VI of the United Kingdom]]
			\|7= 7. [[Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]]
			\|8= 8. [[George I of Greece]]
			\|9= 9. [[Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia]]
			\|10= 10. [[Prince Louis of Battenberg]]
			\|11= 11. [[Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine]]
			\|12= 12. [[George V of the United Kingdom]]
			\|13= 13. [[Princess Victoria Mary of Teck]]
			\|14= 14. [[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]]
			\|15= 15. [[Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck]]
			}}

Revision as of 19:42, 18 February 2024

❶█ ❷█ ❸█ ❹█ ❺█ ❻█ ❼█ ❽█ ❾█ ❿█

Charles III (Charles ❶██████ ❷██████ ❸██████; born 14 November ❹████) is King of the United Kingdom and the ❺██ other Commonwealth realms.

Charles was born in ❻██████████ ██████ during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and became heir apparent when his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, acceded to the throne in 1952. He was created Prince of Wales in 1958 and his investiture was held in 1969. He was educated at Cheam School and Gordonstoun, and later spent six months at the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in ❼█████████. After completing a history degree from the University of ❽█ (no representative blobs for this one because the likely choices are very limited!), Charles served in the Royal Air Force and the Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976. In 1981, he married Lady Diana Spencer. They had two sons, William and Harry. Charles and Diana divorced in ❾████, after they had each engaged in well-publicised extramarital affairs. Diana died as a result of injuries sustained in a car crash the following year. In 2005, Charles married his long-term partner, Camilla Parker Bowles.

As heir apparent, Charles undertook official duties and engagements on behalf of his mother. He founded the Prince's Trust in 1976, sponsored the Prince's Charities, and became patron or president of more than 800 other charities and organisations. He advocated for the conservation of historic buildings and the importance of architecture in society. In that vein, he generated the experimental new town of ❿█████████. An environmentalist, Charles supported organic farming and action to prevent climate change during his time as the manager of the Duchy of Cornwall estates, earning him awards and recognition as well as criticism; he is also a prominent critic of the adoption of genetically modified food, while his support for alternative medicine has been criticised. He has authored or co-authored 17 books.

Charles became king upon his mother's death on 8 September 2022. At the age of 73, he became the oldest person to accede to the British throne, after having been the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales in British history. His coronation took place at Westminster Abbey on 6 May 2023.

Early life, family, and education

Charles was born at 21:14 (GMT) on 14 November 1948,^[1] during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, as the first child of Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh (later Queen Elizabeth II), and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.^[2] His parents had three more children, Anne (born 1950), Andrew (born 1960) and Edward (born 1964). On 15 December 1948, at four weeks old, he was christened Charles Philip Arthur George in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher.^{[note 1]}^{[note 2]}^[6]^[7]

George VI died on 6 February 1952 and Charles's mother acceded to the throne as Elizabeth II; Charles immediately became the heir apparent. Under a charter of Edward III in 1337, and as the monarch's eldest son, he automatically assumed the traditional titles of Duke of Cornwall and, in the Scottish peerage, the titles Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland.^[8] On 2 June the following year, Charles attended his mother's coronation at Westminster Abbey.^[9]

When Charles turned five, a governess, Catherine Peebles, was appointed to oversee his education at Buckingham Palace.^[10] Charles then commenced classes at Hill House School in west London in November 1956.^[11] He was the first heir apparent to attend school, rather than be educated by a private tutor.^[12] He did not receive preferential treatment from the school's founder and headmaster, Stuart Townend, who advised the Queen to have Charles train in football, because the boys were never deferential to anyone on the football field.^[13] Charles subsequently attended two of his father's former schools: Cheam School in Hampshire,^[14] from 1958,^[11] followed by Gordonstoun, in the north-east of Scotland, beginning classes there in April 1962.^[11]^[15]

In his 1994 authorised biography by Jonathan Dimbleby, Charles's parents were described as physically and emotionally distant and Philip was blamed for his disregard of Charles's sensitive nature, including forcing him to attend Gordonstoun, where he was bullied.^[16] Though Charles reportedly described Gordonstoun, noted for its especially rigorous curriculum, as "Colditz in kilts",^[14] he later praised the school, stating it had taught him "a great deal about myself and my own abilities and disabilities". He said in a 1975 interview he was "glad" he had attended Gordonstoun and that the "toughness of the place" was "much exaggerated".^[17] In 1966, Charles spent two terms at the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria, Australia, during which time he visited Papua New Guinea on a school trip with his history tutor, Michael Collins Persse.^[18]^[19] In 1973, Charles described his time at Timbertop as the most enjoyable part of his whole education.^[20] Upon his return to Gordonstoun, he emulated his father in becoming head boy, and left in 1967 with six GCE O-levels and two A-levels in history and French, at grades B and C respectively.^[18]^[21] On his education, Charles later remarked, "I didn't enjoy school as much as I might have; but, that was only because I'm happier at home than anywhere else".^[17]

Charles broke royal tradition when he proceeded straight to university after his A-levels, rather than joining the British Armed Forces.^[14] In October 1967, he was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied archaeology and anthropology for the first part of the Tripos and then switched to history for the second part.^[6]^[18]^[22] During his second year, he attended the University College of Wales in Aberystwyth, studying Welsh history and the Welsh language for one term.^[18] Charles became the first British heir apparent to earn a university degree, graduating in June 1970 from the University of Cambridge with a 2:2 Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree.^[18]^[23] Following standard practice, in August 1975, his Bachelor of Arts was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Cantab) degree.^[18]

Prince of Wales

Charles was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester on 26 July 1958,^[24] though his investiture was not held until 1 July 1969, when he was crowned by his mother in a televised ceremony held at Caernarfon Castle;^[25] the investiture was controversial in Wales owing to growing Welsh nationalist sentiment.^[26] He took his seat in the House of Lords the following year^[27] and he delivered his maiden speech on 13 June 1974,^[28] the first royal to speak from the floor since the future Edward VII in 1884.^[29] He spoke again in 1975.^[30]

Charles began to take on more public duties, founding the Prince's Trust in 1976^[31] and travelling to the United States in 1981.^[32] In the mid-1970s, he expressed an interest in serving as governor-general of Australia, at the suggestion of Australian prime minister Malcolm Fraser; however, because of a lack of public enthusiasm, nothing came of the proposal.^[33] In reaction, Charles commented, "so, what are you supposed to think when you are prepared to do something to help and you are just told you're not wanted?"^[34]

Military training and career

Charles served in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Royal Navy. During his second year at Cambridge, he received Royal Air Force training, learning to fly the Chipmunk aircraft with the Cambridge University Air Squadron,^[35]^[36] and was presented with his RAF wings in August 1971.^[37]

After the passing-out parade that September, Charles embarked on a naval career and enrolled in a six-week course at the Royal Naval College Dartmouth. He then served from 1971 to 1972 on the guided-missile destroyer HMS Norfolk and the frigates HMS Minerva, from 1972 to 1973, and HMS Jupiter in 1974. That same year, he also qualified as a helicopter pilot at RNAS Yeovilton and subsequently joined 845 Naval Air Squadron, operating from HMS Hermes.^[38] Charles spent his last 10 months of active service in the Navy commanding the coastal minehunter HMS Bronington, beginning on 9 February 1976.^[38] He took part in a parachute training course at RAF Brize Norton two years later, after being appointed colonel-in-chief of the Parachute Regiment in 1977.^[39] Charles gave up flying after crash-landing a BAe 146 in Islay in 1994, as a passenger who was invited to fly the aircraft; the crew was found negligent by a board of inquiry.^[40]

Relationships and marriages

Bachelorhood

In his youth, Charles was amorously linked to a number of women. His girlfriends included Georgiana Russell, the daughter of Sir John Russell, who was the British ambassador to Spain;^[41] Lady Jane Wellesley, the daughter of the 8th Duke of Wellington;^[42] Davina Sheffield;^[43] Lady Sarah Spencer;^[44] and Camilla Shand, who later became his second wife.^[45]

Charles's great-uncle Lord Mountbatten advised him to "sow his wild oats and have as many affairs as he can before settling down", but, for a wife, he "should choose a suitable, attractive, and sweet-charactered girl before she has met anyone else she might fall for ... It is disturbing for women to have experiences if they have to remain on a pedestal after marriage".^[46] Early in 1974, Mountbatten began corresponding with 25-year-old Charles about a potential marriage to Amanda Knatchbull, Mountbatten's granddaughter.^[47] Charles wrote to Amanda's mother, Lady Brabourne, who was also his godmother, expressing interest in her daughter. Lady Brabourne replied approvingly, but suggested that a courtship with a 16-year-old was premature.^[48] Four years later, Mountbatten arranged for Amanda and himself to accompany Charles on his 1980 visit to India. Both fathers, however, objected; Prince Philip feared that his famous uncle^{[note 3]} would eclipse Charles, while Lord Brabourne warned that a joint visit would concentrate media attention on the cousins before they could decide on becoming a couple.^[49]

In August 1979, before Charles would depart alone for India, Mountbatten was assassinated by the Irish Republican Army. When Charles returned, he proposed to Amanda. But in addition to her grandfather, she had lost her paternal grandmother and youngest brother in the bomb attack and was now reluctant to join the royal family.^[49]

Lady Diana Spencer

Charles first met Lady Diana Spencer in 1977, while he was visiting her home, Althorp. He was then the companion of her elder sister Sarah and did not consider Diana romantically until mid-1980. While Charles and Diana were sitting together on a bale of hay at a friend's barbecue in July, she mentioned that he had looked forlorn and in need of care at the funeral of his great-uncle Lord Mountbatten. Soon, according to Dimbleby, "without any apparent surge in feeling, he began to think seriously of her as a potential bride" and she accompanied Charles on visits to Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House.^[50]

Charles's cousin Norton Knatchbull and his wife told Charles that Diana appeared awestruck by his position and that he did not seem to be in love with her.^[51] Meanwhile, the couple's continuing courtship attracted intense attention from the press and paparazzi. When Philip told him that the media speculation would injure Diana's reputation if Charles did not come to a decision about marrying her soon, and realising that she was a suitable royal bride (according to Mountbatten's criteria), Charles construed his father's advice as a warning to proceed without further delay.^[52] He proposed to Diana in February 1981, with their engagement becoming official on 24 February; the wedding took place in St Paul's Cathedral on 29 July. Upon his marriage, Charles reduced his voluntary tax contribution from the profits of the Duchy of Cornwall from 50 per cent to 25 per cent.^[53] The couple lived at Kensington Palace and Highgrove House, near Tetbury, and had two children: William, in 1982, and Harry, in 1984.^[12]

Within five years, the marriage was in trouble due to the couple's incompatibility and near 13-year age difference.^[54]^[55] By November 1986, Charles had fully resumed his affair with Camilla Parker Bowles.^[56] In a videotape recorded by Peter Settelen in 1992, Diana admitted that she had been "deeply in love with someone who worked in this environment."^[57]^[58] It was assumed that she was referring to Barry Mannakee,^[59] who had been transferred to the Diplomatic Protection Squad in 1986, after his managers determined his relationship with Diana had been inappropriate.^[58]^[60] Diana later commenced a relationship with Major James Hewitt, the family's former riding instructor.^[61]

Charles and Diana's evident discomfort in each other's company led to them being dubbed "The Glums" by the press.^[62] Diana exposed Charles's affair with Parker Bowles in a book by Andrew Morton, Diana: Her True Story. Audio tapes of her own extramarital flirtations also surfaced,^[62] as did persistent suggestions that Hewitt is Prince Harry's father, based on a physical similarity between Hewitt and Harry. However, Harry had already been born by the time Diana's affair with Hewitt began.^[63]

In December 1992, John Major announced the couple's legal separation in the House of Commons. Early the following year, the British press published transcripts of a passionate, bugged telephone conversation between Charles and Parker Bowles that had taken place in 1989, which was dubbed "Camillagate" and "Tampongate".^[64] Charles subsequently sought public understanding in a television film with Dimbleby, Charles: The Private Man, the Public Role, broadcast in June 1994. In an interview in the film, Charles confirmed his own extramarital affair with Parker Bowles, saying that he had rekindled their association in 1986, only after his marriage to Diana had "irretrievably broken down".^[65]^[66] This was followed by Diana's own admission of marital troubles in an interview on the BBC current affairs show Panorama, broadcast in November 1995.^[67] Referring to Charles's relationship with Parker Bowles, she said, "well, there were three of us in this marriage. So, it was a bit crowded." She also expressed doubt about her husband's suitability for kingship.^[68] Charles and Diana divorced on 28 August ❾████, after being advised by the Queen to end the marriage. The couple shared custody of their children.

Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997. Charles flew to Paris with Diana's sisters to accompany her body back to Britain.^[69] In 2003, Diana's butler Paul Burrell published a note that he claimed had been written by Diana in 1995, in which there were allegations that Charles was "planning 'an accident' in [Diana's] car, brake failure and serious head injury", so that he could remarry.^[70] When questioned by the Metropolitan Police inquiry team as a part of Operation Paget, Charles told the authorities that he did not know about his former wife's note from 1995 and could not understand why she had those feelings.^[71]

Camilla Parker Bowles

The engagement of the Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles was announced on 10 February 2005.^[72] The Queen's consent to the marriage – as required by the Royal Marriages Act 1772 – was recorded in a Privy Council meeting on 2 March.^[73] In Canada, the Department of Justice determined the consent of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada was not required, as the union would not produce any heirs to the Canadian throne.^[74]

Charles was the only member of the royal family to have a civil, rather than a church, wedding in England. British government documents from the 1950s and 1960s, published by the BBC, stated that such a marriage was illegal; these claims were dismissed by Charles's spokesman^[75] and explained by the sitting government to have been repealed by the Registration Service Act 1953.^[76]

The union was scheduled to take place in a civil ceremony at Windsor Castle, with a subsequent religious blessing at the castle's St George's Chapel. The wedding venue was changed to Windsor Guildhall after it was realised a civil marriage at Windsor Castle would oblige the venue to be available to anyone who wished to be married there. Four days before the event, it was postponed from the originally scheduled date of 8 April until the following day in order to allow Charles and some of the invited dignitaries to attend the funeral of Pope John Paul II.^[77]

Charles's parents did not attend the marriage ceremony; the Queen's reluctance to attend possibly arose from her position as Supreme Governor of the Church of England.^[78] The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh did attend the service of blessing and held a reception for the newlyweds at Windsor Castle.^[79] The blessing by Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams was televised.^[80]

Official duties

In 1965, Charles undertook his first public engagement by attending a student garden party at the Palace of Holyroodhouse.^[81] During his time as Prince of Wales, he undertook official duties on behalf of the Queen,^[82] completing 10,934 engagements between 2002 and 2022.^[83] He officiated at investitures and attended the funerals of foreign dignitaries.^[84] Charles made regular tours of Wales, fulfilling a week of engagements each summer, and attending important national occasions, such as opening the Senedd.^[85] The six trustees of the Royal Collection Trust met three times a year under his chairmanship.^[86] Charles also represented his mother at the independence celebrations in Fiji in 1970,^[87] the Bahamas in 1973,^[88] Papua New Guinea in 1975,^[89] Zimbabwe in 1980,^[90] and Brunei in 1984.^[91]

In 1983, Christopher John Lewis, who had fired a shot with a .22 rifle at the Queen in 1981, attempted to escape a psychiatric hospital in order to assassinate Charles, who was visiting New Zealand with Diana and William.^[92] While Charles was visiting Australia on Australia Day in January 1994, David Kang fired two shots at him from a starting pistol in protest of the treatment of several hundred Cambodian asylum seekers held in detention camps.^[93] In 1995, Charles became the first member of the royal family to visit the Republic of Ireland in an official capacity.^[94] In 1997, Charles represented the Queen at the Hong Kong handover ceremony.^[95]^[96]

In March 1998 Charles had laser keyhole surgery on his right knee.^[97] In March 2003 he underwent surgery at King Edward VII's Hospital to treat a hernia injury.^[98] At the funeral of Pope John Paul II in 2005, he caused controversy when he shook hands with the president of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe, who had been seated next to him. Charles's office subsequently released a statement saying that he could not avoid shaking Mugabe's hand and that he "finds the current Zimbabwean regime abhorrent".^[99] In 2008 a non-cancerous growth was removed from his nasal bridge.^[97]

Charles represented the Queen at the opening ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India.^[100] In November 2010, he and Camilla were indirectly involved in student protests when their car was attacked by protesters.^[101] In November 2013, he represented the Queen for the first time at a Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.^[102]

Charles and Camilla made their first joint trip to the Republic of Ireland in May 2015. The trip was called an important step in "promoting peace and reconciliation" by the British Embassy.^[103] During the trip, Charles shook hands in Galway with Gerry Adams, leader of Sinn Féin and widely believed to be the leader of the IRA, the militant group that had assassinated Lord Mountbatten in 1979. The event was described by the media as a "historic handshake" and a "significant moment for Anglo-Irish relations".^[104]

Commonwealth heads of government decided at their 2018 meeting that Charles would be the next Head of the Commonwealth after the Queen.^[105] The head is chosen and therefore not hereditary.^[106] In March 2019, at the request of the British government, Charles and Camilla went on an official tour of Cuba, making them the first British royals to visit the country. The tour was seen as an effort to form a closer relationship between Cuba and the United Kingdom.^[107]

Charles contracted COVID-19 during the pandemic in March 2020.^[108]^[109] Several newspapers were critical that Charles and Camilla were tested promptly at a time when many NHS doctors, nurses and patients had been unable to be tested expeditiously.^[110] He tested positive for COVID-19 for a second time in February 2022.^[111] He and Camilla, who also tested positive, had received doses of a COVID-19 vaccine in February 2021.^[112]

Charles attended the November 2021 ceremonies to mark Barbados's transition into a parliamentary republic, abolishing the position of monarch of Barbados.^[113] He was invited by Prime Minister Mia Mottley as the future Head of the Commonwealth;^[114] it was the first time that a member of the royal family attended the transition of a realm to a republic.^[115] In May of the following year, Charles attended the State Opening of the British Parliament, delivering the Queen's Speech on behalf of his mother, as a counsellor of state.^[116]

Reign

Charles acceded to the British throne on his mother's death on 8 September 2022. He was the longest-serving British heir apparent, having surpassed Edward VII's record of 59 years on 20 April 2011.^[117] Charles was the oldest person to succeed to the British throne, at the age of 73. The previous record holder, William IV, was 64 when he became king in 1830.^[118]

Charles gave his first speech to the nation at 6 pm on 9 September, in which he paid tribute to his mother and announced the appointment of his elder son, William, as Prince of Wales.^[119] The following day, the Accession Council publicly proclaimed Charles as king, the ceremony being televised for the first time.^[120]^[105] Attendees included Queen Camilla, Prince William, and the British prime minister, Liz Truss, along with her six living predecessors.^[121] The proclamation was also read out by local authorities around the United Kingdom. Other realms signed and read their own proclamations, as did Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, British Overseas Territories, Crown Dependencies, Canadian provinces, and Australian states.^[122]

Charles and Camilla's coronation took place at Westminster Abbey on 6 May 2023.^[123] Plans had been made for many years, under the code name Operation Golden Orb.^[124]^[125] Reports before his accession suggested that Charles's coronation would be simpler than his mother's in 1953,^[126] with the ceremony expected to be "shorter, smaller, less expensive, and more representative of different faiths and community groups – falling in line with the King's wish to reflect the ethnic diversity of modern Britain".^[127] Nonetheless, the coronation was a Church of England rite, including the coronation oath, the anointment, delivery of the orb, and enthronement.^[128] In July they attended a national service of thanksgiving where Charles was presented with the Honours of Scotland in St Giles' Cathedral.^[129]

Charles and Camilla have engaged in three state visits and received two. In November 2022 they hosted the South African president, Cyril Ramaphosa, during the first official state visit to Britain of Charles's reign.^[130] In March the following year, the King and Queen embarked on a state visit to Germany; Charles became the first British monarch to address the Bundestag.^[131] Similarly, in September, he became the first British monarch to give a speech from France's Senate chamber during his state visit to the country.^[132] The following month, the King visited Kenya where he faced pressure to apologize for British colonial actions. In a speech at the state banquet, he acknowledged "abhorrent and unjustifiable acts of violence", but did not formally apologize.^[133]

In January 2024, Charles underwent a "corrective procedure" at the London Clinic to treat benign prostate enlargement, which resulted in the postponement of some of his public engagements.^[134] In February, Buckingham Palace announced that cancer had been discovered during the treatment, but that it was not prostate cancer. Although his public duties were postponed, it was reported Charles would continue to fulfil his constitutional functions during his outpatient treatment.^[135] He released a statement espousing his support for cancer charities and that he "remains positive" on making a full recovery.^[136]

Philanthropy and charity

Since founding the Prince's Trust in 1976, using his £7,500 of severance pay from the Navy,^[137] Charles has established 16 more charitable organisations and now serves as president of each.^[138]^[82] Together, they form a loose alliance, the Prince's Charities, which describes itself as "the largest multi-cause charitable enterprise in the United Kingdom, raising over £100 million annually ... [and is] active across a broad range of areas including education and young people, environmental sustainability, the built environment, responsible business and enterprise, and international".^[138] As Prince of Wales, Charles became patron or president of over 800 other charities and organisations.^[81]

The Prince's Charities Canada was established in 2010, in a similar fashion to its namesake in Britain.^[139] Charles uses his tours of Canada as a way to help draw attention to youth, the disabled, the environment, the arts, medicine, the elderly, heritage conservation, and education.^[140] He has also set up the Prince's Charities Australia, based in Melbourne, to provide a coordinating presence for his Australian and international charitable endeavours.^[141]

Charles has supported humanitarian projects; for example, he and his sons took part in ceremonies that marked the 1998 International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.^[140] Charles was one of the first public figures to express strong concerns about the human rights record of the Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu, initiating objections in the international arena,^[142] and subsequently supported the FARA Foundation,^[6] a charity for Romanian orphans and abandoned children.^[143]

Investigations of donations

Two of Charles's charities, the Prince's Foundation and the Prince of Wales's Charitable Fund (later renamed the King's Foundation and King Charles III Charitable Fund, respectively), came under scrutiny in 2021 and 2022 for accepting donations the media deemed inappropriate. In August 2021, it was announced that the Prince's Foundation was launching an investigation into the reports,^[144] with Charles's support.^[145] The Charity Commission also launched an investigation into allegations that the donations meant for the Prince's Foundation had been instead sent to the Mahfouz Foundation.^[146] In February 2022, the Metropolitan Police launched an investigation into the cash-for-honours allegations linked to the foundation,^[147] passing their evidence to the Crown Prosecution Service for deliberation in October.^[148] In August 2023, the Metropolitan Police announced that they had concluded their investigations and no further actions would be taken.^[149]

The Times reported in June 2022 that, between 2011 and 2015, Charles accepted €3 million in cash from Qatari prime minister Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani.^[150]^[151] There was no evidence that the payments were illegal or that it was not intended for the money to go to the charity,^[151] although, the Charity Commission stated it would review the information^[152] and announced in July 2022 that there would be no further investigation.^[153] In the same month, The Times reported that the Prince of Wales's Charitable Fund received a donation of £1 million from Bakr bin Laden and Shafiq bin Laden – both half-brothers of Osama bin Laden – during a private meeting in 2013.^[154]^[155] The Charity Commission described the decision to accept donations as a "matter for trustees" and added that no investigation was required.^[156]

Personal interests

From young adulthood, Charles encouraged understanding of Indigenous voices, claiming they held crucial messages about preservation of the land, respecting community and shared values, resolving conflict, and recognising and making good on past iniquities.^[157] Charles dovetailed this view with his efforts against climate change,^[158] as well as reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples and his charitable work in Canada.^[159]^[160] At CHOGM 2022, Charles, who was representing the Queen, raised that reconciliation process as an example for dealing with the history of slavery in the British Empire,^[161] for which he expressed his sorrow.^[162]

Letters sent by Charles to government ministers in 2004 and 2005 expressing his concerns over various policy issues – the so-called black spider memos – presented potential embarrassment following a challenge by The Guardian newspaper to release the letters under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. In March 2015, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom decided that Charles's letters must be released.^[163] The Cabinet Office published the letters in May 2015.^[164] The reaction was largely supportive of Charles, with little criticism of him;^[165] the press variously described the memos as "underwhelming"^[166] and "harmless",^[167] and concluded that their release had "backfired on those who seek to belittle him".^[168] It was revealed in the same year that Charles had access to confidential Cabinet papers.^[169]

In October 2020, a letter sent by Charles to the governor-general of Australia, Sir John Kerr, after Kerr's dismissal of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in 1975, was released as part of the collection of palace letters regarding the Australian constitutional crisis.^[170] In the letter, Charles was supportive of Kerr's decision, writing that what Kerr "did last year was right and the courageous thing to do".^[170]

The Times reported in June 2022 that Charles had privately described the British government's Rwanda asylum plan as "appalling" and he feared that it would overshadow the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Rwanda that same month.^[171] It was later claimed that Cabinet ministers had warned Charles to avoid making political comments, as they feared a constitutional crisis could arise if he continued to make such statements once he became king.^[172]

Built environment

Charles has openly expressed his views on architecture and urban planning; he fostered the advancement of New Classical architecture and asserted that he "care[s] deeply about issues such as the environment, architecture, inner-city renewal, and the quality of life."^[173] In a speech given for the 150th anniversary of the Royal Institute of British Architects in May 1984, he described a proposed extension to the National Gallery in London as a "monstrous carbuncle on the face of a much-loved friend" and deplored the "glass stumps and concrete towers" of modern architecture.^[174] Charles called for local community involvement in architectural choices and asked, "why has everything got to be vertical, straight, unbending, only at right angles – and functional?"^[174] Charles has "a deep understanding of Islamic art and architecture" and has been involved in the construction of a building and garden at the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, which combine Islamic and Oxford architectural styles.^[175]

In Charles's 1989 book A Vision of Britain, and in speeches and essays, he has been critical of modern architecture, arguing that traditional designs and methods should guide contemporary ones.^[176] He has continued to campaign for traditional urbanism, human scale, restoration of historic buildings, and sustainable design^[177] despite criticism in the press.^[178] Two of his charities – the Prince's Regeneration Trust and the Prince's Foundation for Building Community, which were later merged into one charity – promote his views. The village of Poundbury was built on land owned by the Duchy of Cornwall to a master plan by Léon Krier, under the guidance of Charles and in line with his philosophy.^[173] In 2013, developments for the suburb of Nansledan began on the estate of the Duchy of Cornwall with Charles's endorsement.^[179] Charles helped purchase Dumfries House and its complete collection of 18th century furnishings in 2007, taking a £20m loan from his charitable trust to contribute toward the £45m cost.^[180] The house and gardens remain property of the Prince's Foundation and serve as a museum and community and skills training centre.^[181]^[182] This led to the development of Knockroon, called the "Scottish Poundbury".^[183]^[184]

After lamenting in 1996 the unbridled destruction of many of Canada's historic urban cores, Charles offered his assistance to the Department of Canadian Heritage in creating a trust modelled on Britain's National Trust, a plan that was implemented with the passage of the federal budget in 2007.^[185] In 1999, Charles agreed to the use of his title for the Prince of Wales Prize for Municipal Heritage Leadership, awarded by the National Trust for Canada to municipal governments that have committed to the conservation of historic places.^[186]

Whilst visiting the US and surveying the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina, Charles received the National Building Museum's Vincent Scully Prize in 2005 for his efforts in regard to architecture; he donated $25,000 of the prize money towards restoring storm-damaged communities.^[187] For his work as patron of New Classical architecture, Charles was awarded the 2012 Driehaus Architecture Prize from the University of Notre Dame.^[188] The Worshipful Company of Carpenters installed Charles as an Honorary Liveryman "in recognition of his interest in London's architecture."^[189]

Charles has occasionally intervened in projects that employ architectural styles such as modernism and functionalism.^[190]^[191] In 2009, Charles wrote to the Qatari royal family – the financier of the redevelopment of the Chelsea Barracks site – labelling Lord Rogers's design for the site "unsuitable". Rogers claimed that Charles had also intervened to block his designs for the Royal Opera House and Paternoster Square.^[192] CPC Group, the project developer, took a case against Qatari Diar to the High Court.^[193] After the suit was settled, the CPC Group apologised to Charles "for any offence caused ... during the course of the proceedings".^[193]

Natural environment

Since the 1970s, Charles has promoted environmental awareness.^[194] At the age of 21, he delivered his first speech on environmental issues in his capacity as the chairman of the Welsh Countryside Committee.^[195] An avid gardener, Charles has also emphasised the importance of talking to plants, stating that "I happily talk to the plants and trees, and listen to them. I think it's absolutely crucial".^[196] His interest in gardening began in 1980 when he took over the Highgrove estate.^[197] His "healing garden", based on sacred geometry and ancient religious symbolism, went on display at the Chelsea Flower Show in 2002.^[197]

Upon moving into Highgrove House, Charles developed an interest in organic farming, which culminated in the 1990 launch of his own organic brand, Duchy Originals,^[198] which sells more than 200 different sustainably produced products; the profits (over £6 million by 2010) are donated to the Prince's Charities.^[198]^[199] Charles became involved with farming and various industries within it, regularly meeting with farmers to discuss their trade. A prominent critic of the practice,^[200] Charles has also spoken against the use of GM crops, and in a letter to Tony Blair in 1998, Charles criticised the development of genetically modified foods.^[201]

The Sustainable Markets Initiative – a project that encourages putting sustainability at the centre of all activities – was launched by Charles at the World Economic Forum's annual meeting in Davos in January 2020.^[202] In May of the same year, the initiative and the World Economic Forum initiated the Great Reset project, a five-point plan concerned with enhancing sustainable economic growth following the global recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.^[203]

As early as 1985, Charles was questioning meat consumption. In the 1985 Royal Special television programme, he told host Alastair Burnet that "I actually now don't eat as much meat as I used to. I eat more fish." He also pointed out the societal double standard whereby eating meat is not questioned but eating less meat means "all hell seems to break loose."^[204] In 2021, Charles spoke to the BBC about the environment and revealed that, two days per week, he eats no meat nor fish and, one day per week, he eats no dairy products.^[205] In 2022, it was reported that he eats a breakfast of fruit salad, seeds, and tea. He does not eat lunch, but takes a break for tea at 5:00 p.m. and eats dinner at 8:30 p.m., returning to work until midnight or after.^[206] Ahead of Christmas dinner in 2022, Charles confirmed to animal rights group PETA that foie gras would not be served at any royal residences; he had stopped the use of foie gras at his own properties for more than a decade before becoming king.^[207] During a September 2023 state banquet at the Palace of Versailles, it was reported that Charles did not want foie gras or out-of-season asparagus on the menu. Instead he was served lobster. Charles does not like chocolate, coffee, or garlic.^[208]

The holy chrism oil used at Charles's coronation was vegan, made from oils of olive, sesame, rose, jasmine, cinnamon, neroli, and benzoin, along with amber and orange blossom. His mother's chrism oil contained animal-based oils.^[209]

Charles delivered a speech at the 2021 G20 Rome summit, describing COP26 as "the last chance saloon" for preventing climate change and asking for actions that would lead to a green-led, sustainable economy.^[210] In his speech at the opening ceremony for COP26, he repeated his sentiments from the previous year, stating that "a vast military-style campaign" was needed "to marshal the strength of the global private sector" for tackling climate change.^[211] In 2022, the media alleged that Liz Truss had advised Charles against attending COP27, to which advice he agreed.^[212] Charles delivered the opening speech at COP28, saying among others he prayed "with all my heart that COP28 will be a critical turning point towards genuine transformational action."^[213]

Charles, who is patron of the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, introduced the Climate Action Scholarships for students from small island nations in partnership with University of Cambridge, University of Toronto, University of Melbourne, McMaster University, and University of Montreal in March 2022.^[214] In 2010 he funded The Prince's Countryside Fund (renamed The Royal Countryside Fund in 2023), a charity which aims for a "confident, robust and sustainable agricultural and rural community".^[215]

Alternative medicine

Charles has controversially championed alternative medicine, including homeopathy.^[216]^[217] He first publicly expressed his interest in the topic in December 1982, in an address to the British Medical Association.^[218]^[219] This speech was seen as "combative" and "critical" of modern medicine and was met with anger by some medical professionals.^[217] Similarly, the Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health (FIH) attracted opposition from the scientific and medical community over its campaign encouraging general practitioners to offer herbal and other alternative treatments to NHS patients.^[220]^[221]

In April 2008, The Times published a letter from Edzard Ernst, Professor of Complementary Medicine at the University of Exeter, which asked the FIH to recall two guides promoting alternative medicine. That year, Ernst published a book with Simon Singh called Trick or Treatment: Alternative Medicine on Trial and mockingly dedicated to "HRH the Prince of Wales". The last chapter is highly critical of Charles's advocacy of complementary and alternative treatments.^[222]

Charles's Duchy Originals produced a variety of complementary medicinal products, including a "Detox Tincture" that Ernst denounced as "financially exploiting the vulnerable" and "outright quackery".^[223] Charles personally wrote at least seven letters^[224] to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency shortly before it relaxed the rules governing labelling of such herbal products, a move that was widely condemned by scientists and medical bodies.^[225] It was reported in October 2009 that Charles had lobbied the health secretary, Andy Burnham, regarding greater provision of alternative treatments in the NHS.^[223]

Following accounting irregularities, the FIH announced its closure in April 2010.^[226]^[227] The FIH was re-branded and re-launched later in the year as the College of Medicine,^[227]^[228] of which Charles became a patron in 2019.^[229]

Sports

From his youth until 2005, Charles was an avid player of competitive polo.^[230] Charles also frequently took part in fox hunting until the sport was banned in the United Kingdom in 2005.^[231] By the late 1990s, opposition to the activity was growing when Charles's participation was viewed as a "political statement" by those who were opposed to it.^[232] Charles suffered several polo and hunting-related injuries throughout the years, including a two-inch scar on his left cheek in 1980, a broken arm in 1990, a torn cartilage in his left knee in 1992, a broken rib in 1998, and a fractured shoulder in 2001.^[97]

Charles has been a keen salmon angler since youth and supported Orri Vigfússon's efforts to protect the North Atlantic salmon. He frequently fishes the River Dee in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and claims his most special angling memories are from his time spent in Vopnafjörður, Iceland.^[233] Charles is a supporter of Burnley F.C.^[234]

Apart from hunting, Charles has also participated in target rifle competitions, representing the House of Lords in the Vizianagram Match (Lords vs. Commons) at Bisley.^[235] He became President of the British National Rifle Association in 1977.^[236]

Visual, performing, and literary arts

Charles has been involved in performance since his youth, and appeared in sketches and revues while studying at Cambridge.^[237]

Charles is president or patron of more than 20 performing arts organisations, including the Royal College of Music, Royal Opera, English Chamber Orchestra, Philharmonia Orchestra, Welsh National Opera, Royal Shakespeare Company (attending performances in Stratford-Upon-Avon, supporting fundraising events, and attending the company's annual general meeting),^[238] British Film Institute,^[239] and Purcell School. In 2000, he revived the tradition of appointing an official harpist to the Prince of Wales, in order to foster Welsh talent at playing the national instrument of Wales.^[240]

Charles is a keen watercolourist, having published books on the subject and exhibited and sold a number of his works to raise money for charity; in 2016, it was estimated that he had sold lithographs of his watercolours for a total of £2 million from a shop at his Highgrove House residence. For his 50th birthday, 50 of his watercolours were exhibited at Hampton Court Palace and, for his 70th birthday, his works were exhibited at the National Gallery of Australia.^[241] In 2001, 20 lithographs of his watercolour paintings illustrating his country estates were exhibited at the Florence International Biennale of Contemporary Art^[242] and 79 of his paintings were put on display in London in 2022. To mark the 25th anniversary of his investiture as Prince of Wales in 1994, the Royal Mail issued a series of postage stamps that featured his paintings.^[241] Charles is Honorary President of the Royal Academy of Arts Development Trust^[243] and, in 2015, 2022, and 2023, commissioned paintings of 12 D-Day veterans, seven Holocaust survivors, and ten members of the Windrush generation, respectively, which went on display at the Queen's Gallery in Buckingham Palace.^[244]^[245]^[246]

Charles is the author of several books and has contributed a foreword or preface to numerous books by others. He has also written, presented, or been featured in a variety of documentary films.^[247]

Religion and philosophy

Shortly after his accession to the throne, Charles publicly described himself as "a committed Anglican Christian";^[248] at age 16, during Easter 1965, he had been confirmed into the Anglican communion by Archbishop of Canterbury Michael Ramsey in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.^[249] The King is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England^[250] and a member of the Church of Scotland; he swore an oath to uphold that church immediately after he was proclaimed king.^[251] He attends services at various Anglican churches close to Highgrove^[252] and attends the Church of Scotland's Crathie Kirk with the rest of the royal family when staying at Balmoral Castle.

Laurens van der Post became a friend of Charles in 1977; he was dubbed the prince's "spiritual guru" and was godfather to Prince William.^[253] From van der Post, Charles developed a focus on philosophy and an interest in other religions.^[254] Charles expressed his philosophical views in his 2010 book, Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World,^[255] which won a Nautilus Book Award.^[256] He has also visited Eastern Orthodox monasteries on Mount Athos,^[257] in Romania,^[258] and in Serbia,^[259] and met with Eastern Church leaders in Jerusalem in 2020, during a visit that culminated in an ecumenical service in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem and a walk through the city accompanied by Christian and Muslim dignitaries.^[260] Charles also attended the consecration of Britain's first Syriac Orthodox cathedral, St Thomas Cathedral, Acton.^[261] Charles is patron of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies at the University of Oxford and attended the inauguration of the Markfield Institute of Higher Education, which is dedicated to Islamic studies in a multicultural context.^[175]^[262]

In his 1994 documentary with Dimbleby, Charles said that, when king, he wished to be seen as a "defender of faith", rather than the British monarch's traditional title of Defender of the Faith, "preferr[ing] to embrace all religious traditions and 'the pattern of the divine, which I think is in all of us.'"^[263] This attracted controversy at the time, as well as speculation that the coronation oath might be altered.^[264] He stated in 2015 that he would retain the title of Defender of the Faith, whilst "ensuring that other people's faiths can also be practised", which he sees as a duty of the Church of England.^[265] Charles reaffirmed this theme shortly after his accession and declared that his duties as sovereign included "the duty to protect the diversity of our country, including by protecting the space for faith itself and its practice through the religions, cultures, traditions, and beliefs to which our hearts and minds direct us as individuals."^[248] His inclusive, multi-faith approach and his own Christian beliefs were expressed in his first Christmas message as king.^[266]

Since his birth, Charles has received close media attention, which increased as he matured. It has been an ambivalent relationship, largely impacted by his marriages to Diana and Camilla and their aftermath, but also centred on his future conduct as king.^[267]

Described as the "world's most eligible bachelor" in the late 1970s,^[268] Charles was subsequently overshadowed by Diana.^[269] After her death, the media regularly breached Charles's privacy and printed exposés. Known for expressing his opinions, when asked during an interview to mark his 70th birthday whether this would continue in the same way once he is king, he responded "No. It won't. I'm not that stupid. I do realise that it is a separate exercise being sovereign. So, of course, you know, I understand entirely how that should operate."^[270] In 2023, the New Statesman named Charles as the fourth most powerful right-wing figure of the year, describing him as a "romantic traditionalist" and "the very last reactionary in public life" for his support of various traditionalist think-tanks and previous writings.^[271]

A 2018 BMG Research poll found that 46 per cent of Britons wanted Charles to abdicate immediately on his mother's death, in favour of William.^[272] However, a 2021 opinion poll reported that 60 per cent of the British public had a favourable opinion of him.^[273] On his accession to the throne, The Statesman reported an opinion poll that put Charles's popularity with the British people at 42 per cent.^[274] More recent polling suggested that his popularity increased sharply after he became king.^[275] According to YouGov, as of April 2023, Charles had an approval rating of 55 per cent.^[276]

Reaction to press treatment

In 1994, German tabloid Bild published nude photos of Charles that were taken while he was vacationing in Le Barroux; they had reportedly been put up for sale for £30,000.^[277] Buckingham Palace reacted by stating that it was "unjustifiable for anybody to suffer this sort of intrusion".^[278]

Charles, "so often a target of the press, got his chance to return fire" in 2002, when addressing "scores of editors, publishers, and other media executives" gathered at St Bride's Fleet Street to celebrate 300 years of journalism.^{[note 4]}^[279] Defending public servants from "the corrosive drip of constant criticism", he noted that the press had been "awkward, cantankerous, cynical, bloody-minded, at times intrusive, at times inaccurate, and at times deeply unfair and harmful to individuals and to institutions."^[279] But, he concluded, regarding his own relations with the press, "from time to time we are probably both a bit hard on each other, exaggerating the downsides and ignoring the good points in each."^[279]

In 2006, Charles filed a court case against The Mail on Sunday, after excerpts of his personal journals were published, revealing his opinions on matters such as the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong to China in 1997, in which Charles described the Chinese government officials as "appalling old waxworks".^[280]^[82] Charles and Camilla were named in 2011 as individuals whose confidential information was reportedly targeted or actually acquired in conjunction with the news media phone hacking scandal.^[281]

The Independent noted in 2015 that Charles would only speak to broadcasters "on the condition they have signed a 15-page contract, demanding that Clarence House attends both the 'rough cut' and 'fine cut' edits of films and, if it is unhappy with the final product, can 'remove the contribution in its entirety from the programme'."^[282] This contract stipulated that all questions directed at Charles must be pre-approved and vetted by his representatives.^[282]

Residences and finance

In 2023, The Guardian estimated Charles's personal wealth at £1.8 billion.^[283] This estimate includes the assets of the Duchy of Lancaster worth £653 million (and paying Charles an annual income of £20 million), jewels worth £533 million, real estate worth £330 million, shares and investments worth £142 million, a stamp collection worth at least £100 million, racehorses worth £27 million, artworks worth £24 million, and cars worth £6.3 million.^[283] Most of this wealth which Charles inherited from his mother is exempt from inheritance tax.^[283]^[284]

Clarence House, previously the residence of the Queen Mother, was Charles's official London residence from 2003, after being renovated at a cost of £4.5 million.^[285]^[286] He previously shared apartments eight and nine at Kensington Palace with Diana before moving to York House at St James's Palace, which remained his principal residence until 2003.^[286] Highgrove House in Gloucestershire is owned by the Duchy of Cornwall, having been purchased for Charles's use in 1980, and which he rented for £336,000 per annum.^[287]^[288] Since William became Duke of Cornwall, Charles is expected to pay £700,000 per annum for use of the property.^[289] Charles also owns a property near the village of Viscri in Romania.^[290]^[291]

As Prince of Wales, Charles's primary source of income was generated from the Duchy of Cornwall, which owns 133,658 acres of land (around 54,090 hectares), including farming, residential, and commercial properties, as well as an investment portfolio. Since 1993, Charles has paid tax voluntarily under the Memorandum of Understanding on Royal Taxation, updated in 2013.^[292] Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs were asked in December 2012 to investigate alleged tax avoidance by the Duchy of Cornwall.^[293] The Duchy is named in the Paradise Papers, a set of confidential electronic documents relating to offshore investment that were leaked to the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung.^[294]^[295]

Titles, styles, honours, and arms

Titles and styles

Charles has held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is sovereign of many orders in his own countries and has received honours and awards from around the world.^[297]^[298]^[299]^[300]^[301] In each of his realms, he has a distinct title that follows a similar formula: King of Saint Lucia and of His other Realms and Territories in Saint Lucia, King of Australia and His other Realms and Territories in Australia, etc. In the Isle of Man, which is a Crown Dependency rather than a separate realm, he is known as Lord of Mann. Charles is also styled Defender of the Faith.

There had been speculation throughout Elizabeth II's reign as to what regnal name Charles would choose upon his accession; instead of Charles III, he could have chosen to reign as George VII or used one of his other given names.^[302] It was reported that he might use George in honour of his grandfather George VI and to avoid associations with previous controversial kings named Charles.^{[note 5]}^[303]^[304] Charles's office asserted in 2005 that no decision had yet been made.^[305] Speculation continued for a few hours following his mother's death,^[306] until Liz Truss announced and Clarence House confirmed that Charles had chosen the regnal name Charles III.^[307]^[308]

Charles, who left active military service in 1976, was awarded the highest rank in all three armed services in 2012 by Queen Elizabeth II: Admiral of the Fleet, Field Marshal, and Marshal of the Royal Air Force.^[309]

Arms

As Prince of Wales, Charles's coat of arms was based on the arms of the United Kingdom, differenced with a white label and an inescutcheon of the Principality of Wales, surmounted by the heir apparent's crown, and with the motto Ich dien (German: [ɪç ˈdiːn], "I serve") instead of Dieu et mon droit.

When Charles became king, he inherited the royal coats of arms of the United Kingdom and of Canada.^[310] The design of his royal cypher, featuring a depiction of the Tudor crown instead of St Edward's Crown, was revealed on 27 September 2022. According to the College of Arms, the Tudor crown will now be used in representations of the royal arms of the United Kingdom and on uniforms and crown badges.^[311]

Coat of arms as Prince of Wales (1958–2022)

Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom

Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom for use in Scotland

Royal coat of arms of Canada

Banners, flags, and standards

As heir apparent

The banners used by Charles as Prince of Wales varied depending upon location. His personal standard for the United Kingdom was the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom differenced as in his arms, with a label of three points argent and the escutcheon of the arms of the Principality of Wales in the centre. It was used outside Wales, Scotland, Cornwall, and Canada, and throughout the entire United Kingdom when Charles was acting in an official capacity associated with the British Armed Forces.^[312]

The personal flag for use in Wales was based upon the Royal Badge of Wales.^[312] In Scotland, the personal banner used between 1974 and 2022 was based upon three ancient Scottish titles: Duke of Rothesay (heir apparent to the King of Scots), High Steward of Scotland, and Lord of the Isles. In Cornwall, the banner was the arms of the Duke of Cornwall.^[312]

In 2011, the Canadian Heraldic Authority introduced a personal heraldic banner for the Prince of Wales for Canada, consisting of the shield of the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada defaced with both a blue roundel of the Prince of Wales's feathers surrounded by a wreath of gold maple leaves and a white label of three points.^[313]

Royal standard of the Prince of Wales for the United Kingdom

Standard for Wales

Standard for Scotland

Banner of arms of the Duke of Cornwall

Royal standard of the Prince of Wales for Canada

As sovereign

The royal standard of the United Kingdom is used to represent the King in the United Kingdom and on official visits overseas, except in Canada. It is the royal arms in banner form undifferentiated, having been used by successive British monarchs since 1702. The royal standard of Canada is used by the King in Canada and while acting on behalf of Canada overseas. It is the escutcheon of the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada in banner form undifferentiated.

United Kingdom (outside Scotland)

Scotland

Canada

Issue

Ancestry

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