Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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==Fate in the afterlife==

Islamic scholars have long been divided over the religious beliefs of Muhammad's parents and their fate in the afterlife.<ref name="Brown">{{Cite book |first=Jonathan A.C. |last=Brown |author-link=Jonathan A.C. Brown |year=2015 |title=Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy |url=https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow |url-access=registration |publisher=Oneworld Publications |pages=[https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/188 188]-189}}</ref> One transmission by [[Abu Dawood|Abu Dawud]] and [[Ibn Majah]] states that [[God in Islam|Allah]] ([[God]]) refused to forgive Āminah for her ''[[kafir|kufr]]'' (disbelief). Another transmission in [[List of Sunni books#Other Authentic Hadith collections|Musnad al-Bazzar]] states that Muhammad's parents were brought back to life and accepted Islam, then returned to the ''[[Barzakh]]''.<ref name="Qadri_Suffah">{{citation |url=https://archive.org/details/ProphetsParent/page/n3 |title=The Parents of the Prophet Muhammad were Muslims |pages=11–28 |publisher=Suffah Foundation |author=Mufti Muhammad Khan Qadri}}</ref>{{rp|11}} Some [[Ash'ari]] and [[Shafi'i school|Shafi'i]] scholars argued that neither would be punished in the afterlife, as they were ''[[Ahl al-fatrah]]'', or "People of the interval" between the prophetic messages of [[Jesus in Islam|'Isa]] ([[Jesus]]) and [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]].<ref name="Katz">{{cite book |title=The Birth of The Prophet Muhammad: Devotional Piety in Sunni Islam |url=https://archive.org/details/birthprophetmuha00katz|url-access=limited |last=Holmes Katz |first=Marion |page=[https://archive.org/details/birthprophetmuha00katz/page/n134 126]-128 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-1359-8394-9}}</ref> The concept of ''Ahl al-fatrah'' is not universally accepted among Islamic scholars, and there is debate concerning the extent of salvation available for active practitioners of ''[[Shirk (Islam)|Shirk]]'' ([[Polytheism]]),<ref>{{cite book |last=Rida |first=Rashid |title=Tafsir al-Manar |chapter=2:62 |pages=278–281 |url=http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-12304#page-279 |access-date=2018-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105004004/http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-12304#page-279 |archive-date=2018-11-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> though the majority of scholars have come to agree with it, and disregard the ''[[hadith]]'' (narrations) stating that Muhammad's parents were condemned to hell.<ref name="Brown" /> In hadiths it is narrated that, without prompting Muhammad told a person that Muhammad's father is in hell.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://sunnah.com/muslim:203 |title=Sahih Muslim 203/ In-book - Book 1, Hadith 406/ Book 1, Hadith 398}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://sunnah.com/abudawud:4718 |title=Sunan Abi Dawud 4718/ In book: Book 42, Hadith 123/ English translation Book 41, Hadith 4700}}</ref>

While a work attributed to [[Abu Hanifa]]h, an early [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] scholar, stated that both Āminah and 'Abdullāh died upon their innate nature (''Mata 'ala al-fitrah''),<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/misc/parents.htm |title=Refuting the Claim that Imam Abu Hanifa was of the opinion that the Prophet's Parents were Kafirs |author=Dr. `Inayatullah Iblagh al-Afghanistani |publisher=Masud}}</ref> some later authors of ''[[mawlid]]'' texts related a tradition in which Āminah and 'Abdullāh were temporarily [[Resurrection in Islam|revived]] and embraced Islam. Scholars like [[Ibn Taymiyya]]h stated that this was a lie, though [[Al-Qurtubi]] stated that the concept did not disagree with Islamic theology.<ref name=" Katz" /> According to [[Ali al-Qari]], the preferred view is that both the parents of Muhammad were Muslims.<ref name="Qadri_Suffah" />{{rp|28}} According to [[Al-Suyuti]], [[Ismail Hakki Bursevi|Isma'il Haqqi]], and other Islamic scholars, all of the narrations indicating that the parents of Muhammad were not forgiven were later abrogated when they were brought to life and accepted Islam.<ref name="Qadri_Suffah" />{{rp|24}} [[Shia Islam|Shia Muslims]] believe that all of Muhammad's ancestors, Āminah included, were [[Tawhid|monotheists]] who practiced the shariah of [[Abraham]], and were therefore entitled to [[Jannah|Paradise]]. A Shia tradition states that [[Allah]] forbade the fires of [[Jahannam|Hell]] from touching either of Muhammad's parents.<ref name="Rubin">{{cite journal |journal=Israel Oriental Studies |year=1975 |volume=5 |last=Rubin |first=Uri |title=Pre-Existence and Light—Aspects of the Concept of Nur Muhammad |pages=75–88}}</ref>