Afro-Arabs: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia


Article Images

Line 1:

{{Short description|Ethnic group in the Arab World with African ancestry}}

{{Redirect2|African Arabs|African Arab people|Arabs living in North Africa|North African Arabs}}

{{Redirect-distinguish2distinguish-text|Afro-Arab|the Africa-Arabian Peninsula relations of the [[African Union]]}}

{{POV|date=November 2022}}

{{Infobox ethnic group

| group = Afro-Arabs

| image = <!-- Do not add a photo montage - read [[WP:NOETHNICGALLERIES]] -->Satwa,_Dubai_1960s.jpg

| caption = A group of folk singers and dancers outside a barasti house in [[Al Satwa]], [[Dubai]].

| native_name = {{lang|ar|عرب أفارقة}}

| popplace = [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Gulf States]], {{·}}[[Levant]], {{·}}[[Yemen]], {{·}}[[East Africa]], {{·}}[[Swahili CoastMauritania]], {{·}}[[Sahel]]{{·}}[[North Africa]]

| region1 = {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}

| pop1 = 3,600,000

| region2ref1 = <ref name="cia">{{FlagCite CIA World Factbook|country=Saudi -Arabia| access-date=25 March 2017 |year=2017}}</ref>

| region2 = {{Flag|Yemen}}

| pop2 = 1,880,000 (around 5%; listed as Afro-Asian)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saudi Arabia - The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saudi-arabia/#people-and-society|access-date=2021-07-17|website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>

| region3pop2 = 3,500,000

| ref2 = <ref name="Yfbo">{{Cite web|url=http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-999239|title=Yemen's Al-Akhdam face brutal oppression|access-date=2013-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129084527/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-999239|archive-date=2014-11-29}}</ref>

| pop3 = ▼

| region4region3 = {{Flag|Iraq}}

| pop4pop3 = 2,000,000

| ref3 = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a53600d7.html | title=Refworld &#124; World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Iraq : Black Iraqis }}</ref>

| region5 = ▼

| pop5 region4 = {{Flag|Mauritania}}

| pop4 = 1,500,000{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

| langs = [[Varieties of Arabic|Arabic]], [[Teda language|Teda]], [[Hausa language|Hausa]], [[Fula language|Fula]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]], [[Coptic language|Coptic]], [[Comorian language|Comorian]]▼

| religionsref4 = Majority [[Islam]] =

▲| region5 = {{Flag|Jordan}}

| related = [[Afro-Saudis]], [[Afro-Palestinians]], [[Afro-Jordanians]], [[Al-Akhdam]], [[Afro-Iraqis]], [[Afro-Syrians]], [[Afro-Omanis]], ▼

▲| pop3pop5 = 60,000

| ref5 = <ref>http://www.africanviews.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=105 Jordan</ref>

▲| langs = Majority: [[Varieties of Arabic language|Arabic]],<br>Minority: [[Teda language|Teda]], {{·}}[[Hausa language|Hausa]], {{·}}[[Fula language|Fula]], {{·}}[[Swahili language|Swahili]], {{·}}[[CopticComorian language|CopticComorian]], {{·}}[[ComorianWolof language|ComorianWolof]]

| religions = Majority: [[Islam]]<br>Minority: [[Traditional African religions|Traditional]]

▲| related = [[List of ethnic groups of Africa|Ethnic groups of Africa]]<br>[[Afro-Saudis]], {{·}}[[Afro-Palestinians]], {{·}}[[Afro-Jordanians]], {{·}}[[Al-AkhdamMuhamashīn]], {{·}}[[Afro-Iraqis]], {{·}}[[Afro-Syrians]], {{·}}[[Afro-Omanis]], {{·}}[[Afro-Emiratis]]

}}

'''Afro-Arabs''', '''African Arabs''', or '''AfricanBlack Arabs''' are [[Arabs]] ofwho fullhave predominantly or partialtotal African[[Sub-Saharan Africa]]n descentancestry. These include primarily minority groups in the [[Afro-Emiratis|United Arab Emirates]], [[Al-Akhdam|Yemen]], [[Afro-Saudis|Saudi Arabia]], [[Afro-Omanis|Oman]], and[[Demographics of Kuwait|Kuwait]], [[Demographics of Qatar|Qatar]], as[[Demographics wellof asBahrain|Bahrain]], [[Afro-SyriansDemographics of Lebanon|SyriaLebanon]], [[Afro-IraqisSyrians|IraqSyria]], [[Afro-Palestinians|Palestine]], and [[Afro-Jordanians|Jordan]], [[Afro-Iraqis|Iraq]], [[Demographics of Egypt|Egypt]], [[Demographics of Libya|Libya]], [[Demographics of Tunisia|Tunisia]], [[Demographics of Algeria|Algeria]], and [[Demographics of Morocco|Morocco]]. The term may also refer to various Arab groups in Africacertain African regions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The multiple roots of Emiratiness: the cosmopolitan history of Emirati society|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/beyond-trafficking-and-slavery/the-multiple-roots-of-emiratiness/|access-date=2020-08-18|website=openDemocracy|language=en}}</ref>

==Overview==

[[File:Arab resident of the Belgian Congo.jpg|thumb|Afro-Arab man of the Congo (ca. 1942).]]

===History===

[[SouthernSouth Arabia|Southern Arabian]] and AfricaAfrican civilizations have been in contact since the obsidian-exchange networks of the seventh millennium BC. These networks were strengthened by the rise of the [[Egyptian dynasties]] of the fourth millennium BC. Researchers have indicated the possible settlement of people from Arabia in the Horn of Africa as early as the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last1=Richards|first1=Martin |last2=Rengo|first2=Chiara|last3=Cruciani|first3=Fulvio|last4=Gratrix|first4=Fiona|last5=Wilson|first5=James F.|last6=Scozzari|first6=Rosaria|last7=Macaulay|first7=Vincent|last8=Torroni|first8=Antonio|title=Extensive Female-Mediated Gene Flow from Sub-Saharan Africa into Near Eastern Arab Populations|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|date=April 2003|volume=72|issue=4|pages=1058–1064|doi=10.1086/374384|pmid=12629598|pmc=1180338}}</ref>▼

The Afro-Arabian [[Tihamah|Tihama]] culture, which may have originated in Africa, began in the second millennium BC.

▲[[Southern Arabia]] and Africa have been in contact since the obsidian-exchange networks of the seventh millennium BC. These networks were strengthened by the rise of the [[Egyptian dynasties]] of the fourth millennium BC. Researchers have indicated the possible settlement of people from Arabia in the Horn of Africa as early as the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last1=Richards|first1=Martin |last2=Rengo|first2=Chiara|last3=Cruciani|first3=Fulvio|last4=Gratrix|first4=Fiona|last5=Wilson|first5=James F.|last6=Scozzari|first6=Rosaria|last7=Macaulay|first7=Vincent|last8=Torroni|first8=Antonio|title=Extensive Female-Mediated Gene Flow from Sub-Saharan Africa into Near Eastern Arab Populations|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|date=April 2003|volume=72|issue=4|pages=1058–1064|doi=10.1086/374384|pmid=12629598|pmc=1180338}}</ref>

InAlthough the firstscript millenniumis BC,clearly Southernidentical Arabiansto gained control of the [[Red Sea]] trade-routes and established the [[Ancient history of Yemen|first kingdom of Yemen]], [[Sabaeans|Saba]],that in aroundsouthern 800 BC. As a result of Saba's influenceArabia, Eritrea and the north of Ethiopia were gradually incorporated into an area of Arabian influence. By 600 BC, the formation of the state of [[D'mt|Daamat]] arose in Eritrea and in the [[Tigray Region|Tigray]] region of Ethiopia. Many inscriptions in the Sabaean script have been found. Although the script is clearly identical, most of the inscriptions reveal few elements, in language and its key featurefeatures, as well asor in custom, stillthat unknownwere known in southernthe origin Arabiaarea. Evidence of a pre-Sabaean [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] language or a group of languages in Ethiopia during this period is apparent from lexical and morphological peculiarities found in its Sabaic inscriptions. from Ethiopia, whichThese are not present in ancient inscriptions from Southsouthern Arabia. Despite initial interpretations suggesting a colonization of the highlands of Tigray and Eritrea by Sabaeans from the western side of the Red Sea, due to similarities in script, language, pantheon, and monuments with the South Arabian civilization, there is no factual indication of any domination purpose. One notices thereThere is no mention of control, dependency, or outposts identified on either side. The idea was dismissed in the 1950s and 1960s by some scholars who proposed that Sabaean presence was limited to the settlement of small groups, particularly stonemasons, as monumental inscriptions primarily mention stonework. The local features revealed in the inscriptions imply either an adaptation to local traditions or some form of influence. It appears that, if the Sabaeans did move to Ethiopia, they were integrated by the local population in the 8th century BC, and likely even earlier,.<ref>{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Dugast |firstfirst1=Fabienne |last2=Gajda |first2=Iwona |date=2012-10-29 |title=Reconsidering contacts between southern Arabia and the highlands of Tigrai in the 1st millennium BC according to epigraphic data |url=https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00865945 |language=en}}</ref>.▼

The Afro-Arabian [[Tihamah|Tihama]] culture, which may have originated in Africa, began in the second millennium BC. This cultural complex is found in Africa, in countries such as [[Djibouti]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Somalia]] and [[Sudan]], as well as in neighbouring [[Yemen]] and the Saudi coastal plains.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last1=Richards|first1=Martin |last2=Rengo|first2=Chiara|last3=Cruciani|first3=Fulvio|last4=Gratrix|first4=Fiona|last5=Wilson|first5=James F.|last6=Scozzari|first6=Rosaria|last7=Macaulay|first7=Vincent|last8=Torroni|first8=Antonio|title=Extensive Female-Mediated Gene Flow from Sub-Saharan Africa into Near Eastern Arab Populations|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|date=April 2003|volume=72|issue=4|pages=1058–1064|doi=10.1086/374384|pmid=12629598|pmc=1180338}}</ref>

After several centuries of isolation, the [[Kingdom of Aksum]] arose in 100 AD. This kingdom existed for 800 years and occupied southern Arabia for part of this period. Utilitarian Aksumite pottery has been found in large quantities in deposits from the 5th and 6th centuries in the [[Hadhramaut]] region of Yemen,. This suggestingsuggests that there may have been substantial immigration during that period.{{cncitation needed|date=March 2022}}▼

▲In the first millennium BC, Southern Arabians gained control of the [[Red Sea]] trade-routes and established the [[Ancient history of Yemen|first kingdom of Yemen]], [[Sabaeans|Saba]], in around 800 BC. As a result of Saba's influence, Eritrea and the north of Ethiopia were gradually incorporated into an area of Arabian influence. By 600 BC, the formation of the state of [[D'mt|Daamat]] arose in Eritrea and in the [[Tigray Region|Tigray]] region of Ethiopia. Many inscriptions in the Sabaean script have been found. Although the script is clearly identical, most of the inscriptions reveal few elements, in language and its key feature, as well as in custom, still unknown in southern Arabia. Evidence of a pre-Sabaean [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] language or a group of languages in Ethiopia during this period is apparent from lexical and morphological peculiarities found in Sabaic inscriptions from Ethiopia, which are not present in ancient inscriptions from South Arabia. Despite initial interpretations suggesting a colonization of the highlands of Tigray and Eritrea by Sabaeans from the western side of the Red Sea due to similarities in script, language, pantheon, and monuments with the South Arabian civilization, there is no factual indication of any domination purpose. One notices there is no mention of control, dependency, or outposts identified on either side. The idea was dismissed in the 1950s and 1960s by some scholars who proposed that Sabaean presence was limited to the settlement of small groups, particularly stonemasons, as monumental inscriptions primarily mention stonework. The local features revealed in the inscriptions imply either an adaptation to local traditions or some form of influence. It appears that, if the Sabaeans did move to Ethiopia, they were integrated by the local population in the 8th century BC, and likely even earlier,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dugast |first=Fabienne |last2=Gajda |first2=Iwona |date=2012-10-29 |title=Reconsidering contacts between southern Arabia and the highlands of Tigrai in the 1st millennium BC according to epigraphic data |url=https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00865945 |language=en}}</ref>.

Southern Arabia was a client state of the Aksumite kingdom throughout the sixth century. [[Himyarite Kingdom|Himyarite]] inscriptions document an invasion of Mecca by an ambitious Aksumite general named Abraha (Tigrinya: አብርሃ) in the year 570 AD.<ref>Iwona Gajda: ''Le royaume de Ḥimyar à l’époque monothéiste.'' L’histoire de l’Arabie ancienne de la fin du ive siècle de l’ère chrétienne jusqu’à l’avènement de l’Islam. Paris 2009, pp. 142–146.</ref> An early incident in Islamic Afro-Arab relations, known as the First Hijrah, (Arabic: الهجرة إلى الحبشة, al-hijra ʾilā al-habaša), was part of the early history of Islam. The first [[companions of the Prophet|companions of the Prophet Muhammad]] (the Sahabah) fled from the persecution of the ruling [[Quraysh]] tribe of Mecca. They sought refuge in the Christian Kingdom of Aksum, in present-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia (formerly referred to as Habesha land/Abyssinia, an ancient name whose origin is debated),<ref>E. A. Wallis Budge (Aug 1, 2014). ''A History of Ethiopia: Volume I: Nubia and Abyssinia''. Routledge. pp. vii.</ref> In 613 or 615 AD, the Aksumite monarch who received them is referred to as Ashama ibn Abjar or the Negus (Arabic: نجاشي, najāšī). Modern historians have alternatively identified him with King Armah and Ella Tsaham.<ref>M. Elfasi, Ivan Hrbek (1988). Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century. UNESCO. p. 560.</ref>

▲After several centuries of isolation, the [[Kingdom of Aksum]] arose in 100 AD. This kingdom existed for 800 years and occupied southern Arabia for part of this period. Utilitarian Aksumite pottery has been found in large quantities in deposits from the 5th and 6th centuries in the [[Hadhramaut]] region of Yemen, suggesting that there may have been substantial immigration during that period.{{cn|date=March 2022}}

Southern Arabia was a client state of the Aksumite kingdom throughout the sixth century. [[Himyarite Kingdom|Himyarite]] inscriptions document an invasion of Mecca by an ambitious Aksumite general named Abraha (Tigrinya: አብርሃ) in the year 570 AD.<ref>Iwona Gajda: Le royaume de Ḥimyar à l’époque monothéiste. L’histoire de l’Arabie ancienne de la fin du ive siècle de l’ère chrétienne jusqu’à l’avènement de l’Islam. Paris 2009, pp. 142–146.</ref> An early incident in Islamic Afro-Arab relations, known as the First Hijrah, (Arabic: الهجرة إلى الحبشة, al-hijra ʾilā al-habaša), was an episode in the early history of Islam, where the first [[companions of the Prophet|companions of the Prophet Muhammad]] (the Sahabah) fled from the persecution of the ruling [[Quraysh]] tribe of Mecca. They sought refuge in the Christian Kingdom of Aksum, in present-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia (formerly referred to as Habesha land/Abyssinia, an ancient name whose origin is debated),<ref>E. A. Wallis Budge (Aug 1, 2014). A History of Ethiopia: Volume I: Nubia and Abyssinia. Routledge. pp. vii.</ref> In 613 or 615 AD, the Aksumite monarch who received them is referred to as Ashama ibn Abjar or the Negus (Arabic: نجاشي, najāšī). Modern historians have alternatively identified him with King Armah and Ella Tsaham.<ref>M. Elfasi, Ivan Hrbek (1988). Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century. UNESCO. p. 560.</ref> Some of the companions later returned to Mecca and made the hijra to Medina with Muhammad, while others remained in Habesha land until they came to Medina in 628. The mosque they established is called the "[[Mosque of the Companions|Masjid aṣ-Ṣaḥābah]]". Located in the Eritrean city of [[Massawa]], and dating to the early 7th century AD, it is believed to be the first mosque on the African continent.<ref>"Liste des premières mosquées au monde prophètique, rashidun et omeyyade selon les écris historique et les traces archéologiques". Histoire Islamique (in French). 2014-06-15. Retrieved 2017-09-24.</ref> Many companions settled there after Islam became established in the Arabian peninsula and the descendants of these companions still reside in the region.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}

From the 7th century onward Muslim communities were established along the coast of Eritrea and [[Somalia]], subsequently spreading inland. The [[Arab slave trade]], which began in pre-Islamic times but reached its height between 650 AD and 1900 AD, transported millions of African people from the Nile Valley, the Horn of Africa, and the eastern African coast [[Red Sea slave trade|across the Red Sea]] to Arabia. Millions more were taken from sub-Saharan Africa across the [[Sahara]] as part of the [[trans-Saharan slave trade]].<ref name=":03">{{cite journal |last1=Richards |first1=Martin |last2=Rengo |first2=Chiara |last3=Cruciani |first3=Fulvio |last4=Gratrix |first4=Fiona |last5=Wilson |first5=James F. |last6=Scozzari |first6=Rosaria |last7=Macaulay |first7=Vincent |last8=Torroni |first8=Antonio |date=April 2003 |title=Extensive Female-Mediated Gene Flow from Sub-Saharan Africa into Near Eastern Arab Populations |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=1058–1064 |doi=10.1086/374384 |pmc=1180338 |pmid=12629598}}</ref>

By around the first millennium AD, [[Persians|Persian]] traders established trading towns on what is now called the [[Swahili coast|Swahili Coast]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=Esther |display-authors=etal |date=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of medieval peoples of the Swahili coast |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10060156/ |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |quote=A key finding of this study is genetic evidence of admixture at roughly 1000 CE between people of African and people of Persian ancestry. This admixture is consistent with one strand of the history recorded by the Swahili themselves, the Kilwa Chronicle, which describes the arrival of seven Shirazi (Persian) princes on the Swahili coast. At Kilwa, coin evidence has dated a ruler linked to that Shirazi dynasty, Ali bin al-Hasan, to the mid-11th century. Whether or not this history has a basis in an actual voyage, ancient DNA provides direct evidence for Persian-associated ancestry deriving overwhelmingly from males and arriving on the eastern African coast by about 1000 CE. This timing corresponds with archaeological evidence for a substantial cultural transformation along the coast, including the widespread adoption of Islam.|doi-access=free |pmid=36991187 |pmc=10060156 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rothman |first1=Norman |date=2002 |title=Indian Ocean Trading Links: The Swahili Experience |url=https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1536&context=ccr |journal=Comparative Civilizations Review |volume=46 |issue=46}}</ref> which, between the tenth and twelfth centuries, became more [[Arabized]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Spear |first1=Thomas |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |date=2000 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649 }}</ref> The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] conquered these trading centers after the discovery of the [[Cape Road]]. From the 1700s to the early 1800s, Muslim forces of the [[Omani Empire|Omani empire]] re-seized these market towns, mainly on the islands of [[Pemba Island|Pemba]] and [[Unguja|Zanzibar]]. In these territories, Arabs from Yemen and [[Oman]] settled alongside the local "African" populations, thereby spreading Islam and establishing Afro-Arab communities.{{sfn|Hinde|1897|p=2}} The [[Niger-Congo languages|Niger-Congo]] [[Swahili language]] and culture largely evolved through these contacts between Arabs and the native [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]] population.<ref>{{cite book|title=Tarikh, Volumes 1-2|date=1966|publisher=Longman|page=68|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVvjAAAAMAAJ|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>

The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] conquered these trading centers after the discovery of the [[Cape Road]]. From the 1700s to the early 1800s, Muslim forces of the [[Omani Empire|Omani empire]] re-seized these market towns, mainly on the islands of [[Pemba Island|Pemba]] and [[Unguja|Zanzibar]]. In these territories, Arabs from Yemen and [[Oman]] settled alongside the local "African" populations, thereby spreading Islam and establishing Afro-Arab communities.{{sfn|Hinde|1897|p=2}} The [[Niger-Congo languages|Niger-Congo]] [[Swahili language]] and culture largely evolved through these contacts between Arabs and the native [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]] population.<ref>{{cite book|title=Tarikh, Volumes 1-2|date=1966|publisher=Longman|page=68|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVvjAAAAMAAJ|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>

In North Africa, Arabs historically had close connections to native continental Africans;▼

▲In North Africa, Arabs historically had close connections to native continental Africans;.

In the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf]], descendants of people from the [[Swahili coast|Swahili Coast]] perform traditional [[Liwa (music)|Liwa]] and [[Fann At-Tanbura|Fann at-Tanbura]] music and dance,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Olsen |first1=Poul Rovsing |title=La Musique Africaine dans le Golfe Persique |trans-title=African Music in the Persian Gulf |language=French |journal=Journal of the International Folk Music Council |date=1967 |volume=19 |pages=28–36 |doi=10.2307/942182 |jstor=942182 }}</ref> and the [[Mizmar (dance)|mizmar]] is also played by Afro-Arabs in the Tihamah and [[Hejaz]].{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}

In addition, Stambali of [[Tunisia]]<ref>{{cite journal|url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/20174467 |title=Black Spirits, White Saints: Music, Spirit Possession, and Sub-Saharans in Tunisia |author=Jankowsky, Richard C. |journal=Ethnomusicology |pages=373–410|date=Fall 2006|volume=50 |issue=3 |publisher=The University of Illinois Press/Ethnomusicology|doi=10.2307/20174467 |jstor=20174467 |s2cid=191924116 }}</ref>

and [[Gnawa music]] of [[Morocco]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gnawa-01170 |title=Gnawa Intangible Cultural Heritage |website=UNESCO |quote=…ceremonies combining ancestral African practices, Arab-Muslim influences and native Berber cultural performances.}}</ref> are both ritual music and dances that in part trace their origins to [[West Africa]]n musical styles. [[Afro-Saudis]] make up 10% or approximately 1,880,000 of [[Saudi Arabia]]’s 18,880,000 native population.<ref> https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saudi-arabia/</ref><ref> https://portal.saudicensus.sa/portal/</ref>

==Notable Afro-Arabs==

[[File:Omar_Hawsawi.jpg|thumb|[[Omar Hawsawi]], a Saudi footballer at the [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018 World Cup]].]]

<!-- Please only include people who have a biography article in Wikipedia -->

Line 66 ⟶ 77:

* [[Ali bin Hamud of Zanzibar]], Sultan of Zanzibar

* [[Jamshid bin Abdullah of Zanzibar]], last Sultan of Zanzibar

* [[Colette Dalal Tchantcho]], Kuwaiti-Cameroonian actor

* [[Tippu Tip]], Afro-Omani trader and explorer

* [[Sefu bin Hamid]], [[Zanzibar slave trade|Zanzibari slave trader]]

* [[Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah]], Emir of Kuwait

* [[Bandar bin Sultan]], Saudi Prince

Line 77 ⟶ 90:

* [[Etab]], Saudi singer

* [[Anwar Sadat]], Egyptian politician

* [[AliMajed Al-HabsiAbdullah]], OmaniSaudi footballer

* [[Salem Al-Dawsari]], Saudi footballer

* [[Mohamed Al-Deayea]], Saudi footballer

* [[Ali Al-Habsi]], Omani footballer

* [[Shikabala]], Egyptian footballer

* [[Khalid Eisa]], Emirati footballer

* [[Chahine van Bohemen]], Dutch-Moroccan footballer

* [[Almoez Ali]], Qatari footballer

* [[Fahad Al-Abdulrahman]], Qatari footballer

==See also==

Line 117 ⟶ 134:

{{African diaspora}}

{{Immigration from Africa}}

[[Category:Arab ethnic groups]]

[[Category:Multiracial affairs]]