Ajam of Bahrain: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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| langs = [[Persian language|Persian]] (Bahraini, Bushehri, Shirazi), [[Achomi language|Achomi/Khodmooni]], [[Baluchi language|Baluchi]], [[Luri language|Luri]], [[Azeri language|Azeri]], Ajami Arabic,<ref>Bassiouney, Reem (2009). "5". Arabic Sociolinguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 105–107.</ref> [[Bahraini Gulf Arabic|Bahraini Arabic]]

| rels = Islam ([[Twelver]] [[Shi'a Islam|Shias]], [[Sunni Islam|Sunnis]]), Bahaiis, Christians, Non-religious

| related = [[Iranians in the United Arab Emirates|Iranians of UAE]], [[Ajam of Bahrain]], [[Iranians in Qatar|Iranians of Qatar]], [[Ajam of Iraq|Iranians of Iraq]], [['Ajam of Kuwait|Iranians of Kuwait]]{{Break}}{{Break}}[[Iranian Peoples]] ([[Lurs|Lur]], [[Achomi people|Achomi]], [[Baloch people|Baluch]], [[Kurds]], [[Iranian Azerbaijanis]]), [[Turkic peoples]] ([[Qashqai people|Qashqai]], [[Azeri people|Azeri]]), [[Huwala]]

}}

The '''Ajam of Bahrain''' ({{lang-ar|عجم البحرین}}), also known as '''Persians of Bahrain''' or '''Iranians of Bahrain''' ({{Lang-fa|ایرانیان بحرین}}), are an [[ethnic group]] in [[Bahrain]] composed of [[Bahraini nationality law|Bahraini citizens]] of [[Iranian peoples|Iranian ancestry]] and [[Ethnicities in Iran|Iranian origins]].<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Holes |first=Clive |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJLjAKH7-rIC&pg=PA135 |title=Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary |date=2001 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-10763-2 |pages=135 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="iranians_bhuae">{{Cite book |last=McCoy |first=Eric |url=https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/193398/azu_etd_10189_sip1_m.pdf |title=Iranians in Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates: Migration, Minorities, and Identities in the Persian Gulf Arab States |publisher=The University of Arizona |year=2008 |isbn=9780549935070 |pages= |language=en |oclc=659750775 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805072620/https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/193398/azu_etd_10189_sip1_m.pdf |archive-date=2024-08-05 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{cite web |date=2015-10-30 |title=International History Blog: The Ajam of Manama |url=http://intlhistory.blogspot.com/2015/10/the-ajam-of-manama.html?m=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703061957/https://intlhistory.blogspot.com/2015/10/the-ajam-of-manama.html?m=1 |archive-date=2024-07-03}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9" />

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* [[Persians|Persian]]: this term is used for anyone of [[Iranian peoples|Persian/Iranian]] roots both [[Genetics|genetically]] and [[Linguistics|linguistically]]. Bahrainis of a Persian speaking background use this term to refer to themselves.<ref name=":9" />{{rp||page=53}} While some others (locally in Bahrain) saw it as just a term for Ajams from a [[Shia Islam|Shia]] background.<ref name=":9" />{{rp||page=27}}

* [[Ajam|Ajami]] (Plural: Ajam): The same general meaning of the term applies here, initially used to refer to those from a Persian speaking background locally,<ref name=":9" />{{rp||page=26}} similarly to ~~it's~~its historical use,<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal |last1=Frye |first1=Richard Nelson |last2=Zarrinkoub |first2=Abdolhosein |date=1975 |title=Section on The Arab Conquest of Iran |journal=Cambridge History of Iran |location=London |volume=4 |page=46}}</ref> however nowadays any non-Arab is referred to as an Ajam.<ref name=":9" />{{rp||page=27}} While some find this term to be derogatory due to its negative historical use context,<ref name=":20" /> some Sunni Iranians claim it is only for those of a Shia background,<ref name=":23" /> similarly to the [['Ajam of Kuwait|situation in Kuwait]], others don't reject or deny it.<ref name=":9" />{{rp||page=30}}

== Ethnic composition ==

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By origin location:

* [[Bushehr province|Bushehr]] people ([[Lurs]], Achomis, [[Qashqai people|Qashqai]], [[Elam|Ellamites]], Jews, and a minority [[Arabs]]).<ref name="iranians_bhuae" /><ref name=":0~~" /><ref name="iranians_bhuae~~" />

* [[Jahrom County|Jahrom]] people (not to be confused with Achomis): The people of Jahrom are compromised of Fars, [[Basseri|Basiri]], and [[Qashqai people|Qashqai]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=توکلی |first=غلامرضا |title=ایل باصری از تُرناس تا لَهباز |date= |pages=12 |language=fa |trans-title=Eel Basri tribe from Tornas to Lahbaz}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Salam |date=2016-05-15 |title=ملخص تقرير حول التمييز ضد الأقلية العجم في البحرين |url=https://salam-dhr.org/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B5-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AC/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=SALAM DHR |language=en-GB}}</ref>

* [[Kazerun County|Kazerun]] ([[Kazerun]]) people: Fars/Pars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=توریستی |first=چهارگوشه-معرفی استان ها و شهر های ایران و جاذبه های |title=شهر زیبای کازرون |url=https://www.chargoshe.ir/fa/iran/city/325 |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=چهارگوشه - معرفی استان ها و شهر های ایران و جاذبه های توریستی |language=fa-ir}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=آشنایی با آداب و رسوم مردم کازرون از شهرهای تاریخی ایران |url=https://www.beytoote.com/art/city-country/customs-people02-kazerun.html |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=www.beytoote.com}}</ref><ref name="iranians_bhuae" />{{rp||page=101}}

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=== Pre-Islamic period ===

Researchers claim that Bahrain was inhabited by [[Arab Christians|partially-Christianized Arabs]],<ref name="maj">{{cite book |last1=Holes |first1=Clive |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJLjAKH7-rIC&pg=PR24 |title=Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary |work=Clive Holes |publisher=BRILL |year=2001 |isbn=978-9004107632 |pages=XXIV–XXVI |quote=Thus the elements in the pre-Islamic ethno-linguistic situation in eastern Arabia appear to have been a mixed tribal population of partially Christianised Arabs of diverse origins who probably spoke different old Arabian vernaculars; a mobile Persian-speaking population, possibly of traders and administrators, with strong links to Persia, which they maintained close contact; a small sedentary, non-tribal community of Aramaic-speaking agriculturalists; a Persian clergy, who we know for certain, used Syriac as a language of liturgy and writing more generally, probably alongside Persian as a spoken language.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Netton |first1=Ian Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_--lK2ZGp8gC&pg=PA14 |title=A Popular Dictionary of Islam |date=2006-03-09 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135797737}}</ref><ref name="Usmani">{{cite book |last1=Husain Syed |first1=Muzaffar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eACqCQAAQBAJ |title=A concise history of Islam |date=2011 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |others=Syed Saud Akhtar, Babuddin Usmani |isbn=9789382573470 |edition=unabridged |pages=421–3 |access-date=1 September 2015}}</ref> [[Aramaic]]-speaking agriculturalists,<ref name="maj" /><ref name="om">{{cite book |last1=Smart |first1=J. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W8glrgh87kEC&pg=PA305 |title=Tradition and Modernity in Arabic Language And Literature |work=J R Smart, J. R. Smart |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780700704118}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Houtsma |first1=M. Th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Va6oSxzojzoC&pg=PA98 |title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Volume 5 |work=M. Th. Houtsma |publisher=BRILL |year=1993 |isbn=978-9004097919 |page=98}}</ref> [[Persians|Persian]] [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]], and a small amount of [[History of the Jews in Bahrain|Jews]].<ref name="orig">{{cite web |last=Al-Rumaihi |first=Mohammed Ghanim |year=1973 |title=Social and political change in Bahrain since the First World War |url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7942/1/7942_4940.PDF?+UkUDh:CyT |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220817145042/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/16669322.pdf |archive-date=17 Aug 2022 |work=[[Durham University]] |pages=46–47}}</ref> [[Robert Bertram Serjeant]], believes that the [[Baharna]] may be the last of the "descendants of converts from the original population of [[Christians]] ([[Arameans|Aramaeans]]), [[Mizrahi Jews|Jews]] and ancient [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] [[Indo-Iranians|Persians]] (Referred to as "Majus" by Arabs) inhabiting the island and cultivated coastal provinces of [[Eastern Arabia]] at the time of the [[Early Muslim conquests|Arab conquest]]".<ref name="~~maj2~~maj"~~>{{cite~~ book |last1=Holes |first1=Clive |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJLjAKH7-rIC&pg=PR24 |title=Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary |work=Clive Holes |publisher=BRILL |year=2001 |isbn=978-9004107632 |pages=XXIV–XXVI |quote=Thus the elements in the pre-Islamic ethno-linguistic situation in eastern Arabia appear to have been a mixed tribal population of partially Christianised Arabs of diverse origins who probably spoke different old Arabian vernaculars; a mobile Persian-speaking population, possibly of traders and administrators, with strong links to Persia, which they maintained close contact; a small sedentary, non-tribal community of Aramaic-speaking agriculturalists; a Persian clergy, who we know for certain, used Syriac as a language of liturgy and writing more generally, probably alongside Persian as a spoken language.}}</~~ref~~><ref>{{cite journal |author=Robert Bertram Serjeant |author-link=Robert Bertram Serjeant |year=1968 |title=Fisher-folk and fish-traps in al-Bahrain |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |publisher=[[SOAS]] |volume=31 |issue=3 |page=488 |jstor=614301}}</ref> The Christian sentiment is supported by Archaeology as Archaeologists uncovered a Christian [[Church (building)|church]] in [[Samaheej]] belonging to that period.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Maddern |first1=Kerra |last2=Exeter |first2=University of |title=Archaeologists discover one of the earliest Christian buildings in Bahrain |url=https://phys.org/news/2024-07-archaeologists-earliest-christian-bahrain.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714021834/https://phys.org/news/2024-07-archaeologists-earliest-christian-bahrain.html |archive-date=2024-07-14 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref>

Islamic [[Hadith|narrations]] claim that Bahrain was majorly a [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] population, before the [[Early Muslim conquests|Arab conquest]], and that [[Muhammad|Mohammed]] took the [[Jizya]] from them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=أخذ رسول الله ﷺ الجزية من مجوس البحرين - سنن الترمذي |url=https://hadithprophet.com/hadith-59792.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227133154/https://hadithprophet.com/hadith-59792.html |archive-date=2024-02-27 |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=hadithprophet.com |language=ar |quote=«أخذ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الجزية من [[Zoroastrians|مجوس ]]البحرين» |trans-quote=The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, took the jizya from the [[Zoroastrians|Magians]] of Bahrain.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=الموقع الرسمي للشيخ محمد صالح المنجد - 09- حديث مال البحرين |url=https://almunajjid.com/courses/lessons/262 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414170048/https://almunajjid.com/courses/lessons/262 |archive-date=2024-04-14 |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=almunajjid.com}}</ref><ref>{{href|tirmidhi|1588|b=yl}}</ref>

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In 1910, the local Iranian community funded and opened a [[private school]], Al-Ittihad school ({{Lang-fa|دبستان اتحاد ملی|translit=Dabistan Ittihad Melli|lit=National Union Primary School}}),<ref name=":21">{{Cite web |title=عملکرد مدرسه اتحاد ملی ایرانیان در بحرین |url=https://rasekhoon.net/article/show/666246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921133805/https://rasekhoon.net/article/show/666246 |archive-date=2024-09-21 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=rasekhoon.net}}</ref><ref name=":22" /> that taught [[Persian language|Persian]], besides other subjects.<ref name=":22">{{cite book|last=Shirawi|first=May Al-Arrayed|title=Education in Bahrain - 1919-1986, An Analytical Study of Problems and Progress|url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6662/1/6662_3966.PDF?UkUDh:CyT|year=1987|publisher=Durham University|page=60}}</ref> It is considered one of the earliest, if not first, school to be opened in Bahrain.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |title=Between Modern and National Education: The 'Ajam Schools of Bahrain and Kuwait |url=https://journals.openedition.org/arabianhumanities/4887 |url-status=live |journal=Arabian Humanities |date=2019 |doi=10.4000/cy.4887 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908175639/https://journals.openedition.org/arabianhumanities/4887 |archive-date=2024-09-08 |last1=Stephenson |first1=Lindsey |volume=12 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Salahiddin |first=Yusif |date=2012-01-02 |title=ذكرياتي عن بداية التعليم الحديث في البحرين (٣-٣) |trans-title=My memories of the beginning of modern education in Bahrain (3-3) |url=http://80.241.146.114/AAK/12337/article/171.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908174359/http://80.241.146.114/AAK/12337/article/171.html |archive-date=2024-09-08 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=[[Gulf News]]}}</ref> Between 1910 and 1919, in the absence of state-run schools on the islands, some Bahrainis attended Al-Ittihad, contributing to the development of modern education in the region.<ref name=":112">{{Cite journal |last1=Stephenson |first1=Lindsey |date=2019 |title=Between Modern and National Education: The 'Ajam Schools of Bahrain and Kuwait |url=https://journals.openedition.org/arabianhumanities/4887 |url-status=live |journal=Arabian Humanities |volume=12 |doi=10.4000/cy.4887 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908175639/https://journals.openedition.org/arabianhumanities/4887 |archive-date=2024-09-08|doi-access=free }}</ref>{{rp||page=|pages=293-294}} It had a [[Secular education|secular approach]] influenced by the [[Pahlavi dynasty]] up until the [[Iranian Revolution|1979 Revolution]].<ref name=":11" />{{rp||page=|pages=293-294}}

Between 1919- and 1923, Members of the Iranian community asked the government to require teaching [[Persian language|Persian]] (Farsi) as part of the curriculum in all schools but this was rejected.<ref name=":11" />{{rp||page=292}}

After [[Reza Shah]] came to power in 1925, and his nationalist policy, there was fear of the Persians in Bahrain. Anything that happens in Iran that is annoying to Bahrain or another side of the Gulf, the pressure is immediately put on Iranians living in Bahrani or the rest of the Gulf in general, Bushehri recounts.<ref name=":9" />{{rp||page=10}}

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Most modern migration of Iranians to Bahrain started around the year 1928, according according to the oldest document they had in 2009, but this doesn't mean they didn't exist before this period, recounts Dr. Ali Akbar Bushehri.<ref name=":9" />

During the 1930s, some [[Conservatism|conservative]] Sunni families have migrated from Iran to Bahrain due to the fear of [[Reza Shah]] imposed "[[Kashf-e hijab]]" law and what these families perceived as an "extreme secularism against religion" comparable to "[[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|~~Ataturk~~Atatürk]]".<ref name=":9" />{{rp||pages=18, 33}}

[[File:Bandari battula.jpg|thumb|Bandari woman wearing [[Battoulah]] in [[Qeshm Island]]. Some families that migrated to Bahrain, Kuwait, UAE used to/still wear this.]]

Between 1920- and 1940, before [[World War II]], more families migrated from [[Bushehr province|Bushehr]] to Bahrain to avoid the on-going conflict between [[Reza Shah]] and the [[English people|English]].<ref name=":9" />{{rp||pages=|page=20}}

In 1941, [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Mohammed Reza Shah]] becomes the Shah of Iran.

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The [[1990s uprising in Bahrain]] took place in-between 1994 and 1999 in which [[Left-wing politics|leftists]], [[Liberalism|liberals]] and [[Islamism|Islamists]] joined forces to demand [[Democracy|democratic]] reforms.

After the Revolution in Iran, the Iranian School was renamed to "Islamic Republic School."{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} At that time, the school was being funded and operated by the Iranian Ministry of Education.<ref name=":11" />{{rp||page=|pages=293-294}} The 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran led to a shift in the school's ideological framework and curriculum.<ref name=":11" />{{rp||page=|pages=293-294}} Prior to the Revolution, the school followed a [[Secular education|secular approach]] influenced by the [[Pahlavi dynasty]] for nearly 70 years.<ref name=":11" />{{rp||page=|pages=293-294}} For over seventy-five years, the school has provided education to multiple generations in Bahrain.<ref name=":11" />{{rp||page=|pages=293-294}} In 1996, the "Iranian school" was shutdown by the Bahraini government.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":24">{{Cite web |last=المحلية |first=المنامة-محرر الشئون |title=للمرة الثالثة... سقوط أجزاء من المدرسة الإيرانية |url=http://www.alwasatnews.com/news/240871.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729081344/http://www.alwasatnews.com/news/240871.html |archive-date=2019-07-29 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=صحيفة الوسط البحرينية |language=ar}}</ref>

In 2002, Bahraini's King, [[Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa|Hamad Bin Isa]], announced many of the Ajams of Bahrain as Bahraini citizens and granted them citizenships.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

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In 2003, [[Mohammad Khatami|Khatami]] visited Bahrain which marked the first visit of an Iranian president to Bahrain since 25 years,<ref>{{Cite web |title=KUNA : Khatami arrives in Bahrain - Politics - 16/05/2003 |url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=1346101&language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909234352/https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=1346101&language=en |archive-date=2024-09-09 |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=www.kuna.net.kw}}</ref> Khatami gave a lecture in the Arabic language at the [https://gulfhotelbahrain.com/ Gulf Hotel] in [[Manama|Manameh]].<ref name=":9" />{{rp|97}} Bushehri recounts "The place was buzzing with Ajams, support, and prayers. Me and two of my friends were there. Everyone raises their voices in prayer except for us. For the first time, I felt that I had become a [[Minority group|minority]] among a minority. Three people, a minority among 1,500.<ref name=":9" />{{rp|97}}

The Bahraini people became considerably very religious after the 1979 events,<ref name=":9" />{{rp||pages=99-100}} and the [[Wahhabism|Wahhabi movement]] in Saudi which was strengthened by oil exports,<ref>Kepel, Gilles (2006). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Translated by Anthony F. Roberts (New ed.). I.B. Tauris. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1845112578</nowiki>.</ref>{{rp||pages=61-62}} Musa Al-Ansari recounts: "I do not know why the revolution took this character in Bahrain. The fanaticism that exists in Bahrain does not exist in Iran. In Iran you will see people listening to music and songs, women in half-veils laughing in the street. Here you are an infidel if you listen to a cassette or hear singing. Bahrain is a completely different situation."<ref name=":9" />{{rp||pages=99-100}} Al-Qassab wonders, "where did we get all this ~~fanatism~~fanaticism from?" to which Al-Ansari responds "From [[Islamic extremism|Islamic Extremism]]."<ref name=":9" />{{rp||pages=100-101}}

In the year 2009, the Iranians of Bahrain were estimated to be around 20% of the local population.<ref name=":9" />{{rp||pages=|page=7}}{{NoteTag|Estimated to be around 100 thousand.}}

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Shias in Bahrain or people of a [[Shia Islam|Shia background]] in general, face discrimination, and are often called "Majoos",<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2011-05-20 |title=إلى شيعة البحرين المجوس! |url=https://www.yahosein.com/vb/node/157054 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908011657/https://www.yahosein.com/vb/node/157054 |archive-date=2024-09-08 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=منتديات يا حسين |language=ar}}</ref> a term invented by Arabs for [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]; who are a minority today, often accused of "worshipping fire" as well,<ref>{{Cite web |title=التعريف بالمجوس، وبيان كفرهم. - الإسلام سؤال وجواب |url=https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/298552/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B3-%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202015738/https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/298552/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B3-%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85 |archive-date=2021-12-02 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=islamqa.info |language=ar |quote=المجوس هم عبدة النار، وخدامها، قال القرطبي: " (والمجوس) هم عبدة النيران القائلين أن للعالم أصلين: نور، وظلمة " انتهى من "تفسير القرطبي " (12/ 23)، وانظر"تفسير الطبري" (16/ 485). |trans-quote=The Magi are fire worshippers and servants. Al-Qurtubi said: “(The Magi) are fire worshippers who say that the world has two origins: light and darkness.” End quote from “Tafsir al-Qurtubi” (12/23). See also “Tafsir al-Tabari” (16/485).}}</ref> which is untrue as Zoroastrians worship "[[Ahura Mazda|Ahuramazda]]" and [[Fire temple|the fire]] to them is as holy as the [[Kaaba|Kaabah]] is to Muslims). It is worth noting that the majority of Bahrain's Shia population are [[Baharna|Bahrani]] people who are mostly (around 50%) eastern [[Arabs]] and (around 30%~) North West Asian ([[Iranian peoples|Iranian]], [[Caucasian race|Caucasian]], and [[Iraqis|Mespotamian]]) according to their genes,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=Bahraini results (family names are ethnically Baharna, indigenous to historic Eastern Arabia) |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/23andme/comments/10mn1r1/bahraini_results_family_names_are_ethnically/?rdt=64429 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=r/23andme}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=hawraa_xcx |date=2023-02-04 |title=I thought I was 100% peninsular Arab… |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/23andme/comments/10t1pxc/i_thought_i_was_100_peninsular_arab/?rdt=34673 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=r/23andme}}</ref> and the two (Baharna and Ajams) can be often conflated by many.<ref name=":8" /> Many individuals, particularly those who view all Shias as 'Iranian Majoos,' also accuse them of being subservient to the Islamic Republic of Iran.<ref name=":8" /> It is important to note that this perception has been prevalent among some Sunni Iranians,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-27 |title=Majoosi influence on Shi'ism |url=https://sonsofsunnah.com/category/majoosi-influence-on-shiism/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926161524/https://sonsofsunnah.com/category/majoosi-influence-on-shiism/ |archive-date=2024-09-26 |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=sonsofsunnah.com |language=en}}</ref> or at least was in the past, ultimately leading to unintended consequences for them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=لماذا تحتقرون عجم السنة ؟ هذا ردي |trans-title=Why do you despise the Sunni Ajams? This is my response |url=http://arabalsahel.com/vb/showthread.php?5317-%25E1%25E3%25C7%25D0%25C7-%25CA%25CD%25CA%25DE%25D1%25E6%25E4-%25DA%25CC%25E3-%25C7%25E1%25D3%25E4%25C9-%25BF-%25E5%25D0%25C7-%25D1%25CF%25ED |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=arabalsahel.com}}</ref>

Since 1980s till mid 2000s, a lot of "[[Bedoon|Bidoon]]" Iranians have been deported back to Iran,<ref name="iranians_bhuae" /> many of which were working for [[Bahrain Petroleum Company|BAPCO]], the ~~island’s~~island's oil company, claimed to have been an attempt to open up more jobs for the native Bahraini population.<ref name="iranians_bhuae" />{{rp||pages=74-75}}

Based on a study in 2013, the researcher noted: the linguistic and religious situation of Sunni Persians in Bahrain is thorny and sometimes it is intentionally confused between "Hole\Hawala Arabs" and "Sunni Persians".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2013-09-15 |title=العجم السنة في الخليج لم يواجهوا تمييزاً عرقيا |trans-title=Sunni Ajams in the Gulf did not face racial discrimination |url=https://www.almesbar.net/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC-%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610170503/https://www.almesbar.net/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC-%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B2/ |archive-date=2023-06-10 |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=مركز المسبار للدراسات والبحوث |language=ar}}</ref> The same study also claims that Sunni Achomis did not face any systematic racism.<ref name=":2" /> Some Sunni Achomis actively reject efforts to attribute Arab origins to their heritage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=لماذا تحرفون تاريخ الهوله؟ ما يجوز ياجماعه |trans-title=Why do you distort the history of the Huwala? It is not permissible, people. |url=https://arabalsahel.com/vb/showthread.php?6363-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87%D8%9F-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926162342/https://arabalsahel.com/vb/showthread.php?6363-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87%D8%9F-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%87 |archive-date=2024-09-26}}</ref>

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=== Music ===

[[Sultaneez]] was a local Bahraini band that operated between 1989- and 2003, they are known for laying the foundation for "Bandari music," they have produced songs in Achomi (Bastaki dialect), Farsi, and Arabic. Their Bastaki song "Naz Akon Naz Akon" inspired by Yusuf Hadi Bastaki's folkloric song of the same name, is one of the most popular songs of this group.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyIEZSDK5CA&pp=ygUK2YbYp9iy2YPZhg== |title=Naz Nakon Sltaniz great hit فرقة سلطانيز الفارسيه نازكن |date=2015-03-22 |last=abdrahman yaghie |access-date=2024-09-10 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Kouros Shahmiri's song "Naz Nakon", which was released later (1998 AD),<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQsofnfKRk8&feature=youtu.be |title=Naz Nakon |date=2024-07-30 |last=Kouros - Topic |access-date=2024-09-10 |via=YouTube}}</ref>{{NoteTag|States the release date is 1998-06-29, remastered on: 2001-06-22}}<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b41wyfAGsD4&feature=youtu.be |title=Kouros - Naz Nakon {{!}} کورس - ناز نکن |date=2010-07-13 |last=Caltex Music |access-date=2024-09-10 |via=YouTube}}</ref> was inspired by Sultaneez's song "Naz Akon", which was released on June 25, 1990.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uv5ncJg5jMg&list=OLAK5uy_nXXeAaU4_Pf97-E-Jji3ACKi-Aw7VdDx8 |title=نازكن |date=2017-11-27 |last=فرقة سلطانيز - Topic |access-date=2024-09-10 |via=YouTube}}</ref>{{NoteTag|Released on: 1990-06-25}} Additionally, the song "Chai Chayi" by Koros was also inspired by the song of Soltaniz "Chayi Chayeem Kalam Dard Akon", which was released in 1989.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pm40N7ncCE |title=Jay Jayey فرقة سلطانيز - جاي جاي |date=2017-08-08 |last=AL NAZAER CLIPS |access-date=2024-09-10 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jY8Xfr8XywE |title=Kouros - Chai Chai {{!}} کورس - چایی چایی |date=2010-10-07 |last=Caltex Music |access-date=2024-09-10 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Their legacy still lives on to this day, and many Bahraini Iranians listen to them to remember their roots.

Other Bahraini Persian bands include:

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It is also common for these families to add "Al" (Arabic: ال), meaning "The," to their surnames to make them sound more Arabic. Some view this as abandoning or distancing themselves from their Persian roots, while others see it as a way to avoid racial issues. This shift is evident today, as many have adopted Arabic attire and now only speak fluent Arabic.<ref name="achomi_fam" />

=== Names of Locations ===

In addition to this, many names of villages in Bahrain are derived from Persian,<ref name="Tajer" /><ref name="achomi_fam" /> ~~which~~Bahrain's ~~are~~historical ~~thought~~ties to ~~have been as a result~~[[Culture of ~~influences~~Iran|Persian ~~during the [[Safavid~~culture]], ~~rule~~particularly ~~of Bahrain (1501–1722) and~~under the ~~previous~~[[Achaemenid ~~Persian rules.~~Empire|Achaemenid]],<ref name="~~Tajer~~iranians_bhuae" />{{rp||pages=|page=72}} [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]],<ref name="~~achomi_fam~~:02">{{Cite web |title=Historical objects (artefacts) found in Shakhoura |url=https:/>/www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/x32961 ~~Bahrain’s~~|url-status=live ~~historical~~|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240929201252/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/x32961 ~~connection~~|archive-date=2024-09-29 ~~with~~|website=British ~~Persian~~Museum ~~culture~~|postscript=: Objects related to the [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] period have been found in Shahkhoura, ~~particularly~~in ~~through~~addition to the ~~Sassanian~~[[Greece|Greek]] (Tylos) period.}}</ref> and ~~Achaemenid~~[[Sasanian ~~Empires~~Empire|Sassanian Empire]],<ref name="iranians_bhuae" />{{rp||pages=|page=72}} as ~~has~~well ~~influenced~~as ~~many~~influences during the [[Safavid Iran|Safavid rule]] (1501–1722),<ref name="achomi_fam" /> have left a significant impact on place names and cultural elements in the region,.<ref name="Tajer" /><ref name="achomi_fam" /> City and village names such as [[Manama]], [[Karbabad]], [[Salmabad]], [[Karzakan]], [[Samaheej]], [[Tashan, Bahrain|Tashan]], [[Duraz]], [[Barbar, Bahrain|Barbar]], [[Demistan]], [[Karrana]], [[Shakhura]], [[Shahrekan]], and [[Jurdab]] were originally derived from Persian, suggesting Persian influence on the island's history.<ref name="Tajer" /><ref name="achomi_fam" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"

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* '''-stan''' ([[:fa:اِستان|اِستان]]) is a suffix meaning "place" or "land of."

So, Dabistan can be understood as "the place of learning" or simply "a school." ~~The~~

While the last known location of Al-Ittihad school ({{Lang-fa|دبستان اتحاد ملی|translit=Dabistan Ittihad Melli|lit=National Union Primary School}}). is known to have been in Manama,<ref name=":21" /><ref name=":24" /> it is possible that the school at some point may have been located here.

| [[Al Daih|Daih]] ({{lang-ar|ديه}})

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==Notable people==

* ~~[[Abdulhussain bin Ali Mirza|~~'''[[Abdulhussain bin Ali Mirza]]''']], current Minister of Electricity and Water Affairs of Bahrain

* ~~[[Fatema Hameed Gerashi|~~'''[[Fatema Hameed Gerashi]]''']], Bahraini [[swimmer]]

* ~~[[Munira Fakhro|~~'''[[Munira Fakhro]]''']] ({{lang-ar|منيرة فخرو}}), a prominent figure among ~~Bahrain’s~~Bahrain's Ajams community, faced oppression as her efforts for [[Liberalism|liberal]] and [[democracy|democratic]] reforms were overshadowed. Despite her advocacy, she was often ignored and demonized, while the public gave their support to [[Islamism|Islamist]] political parties. This shift in support ultimately empowered Islamist factions over more liberal or democratic movements in Bahrain, sidelining her vision for a more progressive political landscape.

* ~~[[Karim Fakhrawi|~~'''[[Karim Fakhrawi]]''']], co-founder of Al-Wasat, considered one of the more popular newspapers in Bahrain by winning numerous awards

* ~~[[Ghada Jamshir|~~'''[[Ghada Jamshir]]''']] ([[Arabic]]:غادة جمشير), women's rights activist

* ~~[[Zainab Al Askari|~~'''[[Zainab Al Askari]]''']] ([[Arabic]]:زينب غلوم العسكري), author and actress

* '''Ahmed Sultan''' - Executive Director – International Offices & Business Development (Manufacturing, Transport & Logistics) at Economic Development Board (EDB) and former [[Sultaneez|Sultanies]] band lead singer.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |title=Management team |url=https://www.bahrainedb.com/about-us/management-team |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918185224/https://www.bahrainedb.com/about-us/management-team |archive-date=2024-09-18 |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=Invest in Bahrain |language=en-US}}</ref>

* '''Sonya Janahi''' - ILO Governing Body Member, IOE employers VP Asia, Bahrain Chamber Board Member, University of Bahrain Board Member, Franchise Expert, Keynote Speaker. Sunni background.