Allier: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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{{short description|Department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France}}
{{Distinguish|Allier, Hautes-Pyrénées}}
{{about|the French department}}
{{short description|Department of France in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
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| name = Allier
| native_name = {{native name|oc|Alèir}}
| native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->oc
| type = [[Departments of France|Department of France]]
| image_skyline = Moulins (Allier) Hôtel de préfecture 003.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building in [[Moulins, Allier|Moulins]]
| image_flag = Drapeau fr département Allier.svg
| flag_alt = Unofficial flag
| image_shield = Blason comte fr Clermont (Bourbon).svg
| shield_alt = Unofficial shield
| nickname =
| motto =
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| p1 = [[Montluçon]]<br />[[Vichy]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party = [[Union of Democrats and Independents|UDI]]
| leader_title = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name = Claude Riboulet<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| leader_name = Claude Riboulet ([[Union of Democrats and Independents|UDI]])<ref>{{cite web|last1=Delacou|first1=Antoine|title=Claude Riboulet succède à Gérard Dériot à la présidence du conseil départemental de l'Allier|url=http://www.lamontagne.fr/moulins/politique/allier/2017/09/25/claude-riboulet-succede-a-gerard-deriot-a-la-presidence-du-conseil-departemental-de-l-allier_12564770.html|website=Lamontagne.fr|access-date=25 September 2017|language=fr|date=25 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/allier/moulins/claude-riboulet-succede-gerard-deriot-tete-du-conseil-departemental-allier-1334537.html|title=Claude Riboulet succède à Gérard Dériot à la tête du Conseil départemental de l’Allier|website=France 3|access-date=25 September 2017|language=fr|date=25 September 2017}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude =
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| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| population_total = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_footnotes =
| population_as_of = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_total = 339384
| population_footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_rank = [[List of French departments by population|68th69th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
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| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which excludes [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}
'''Allier''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|æ|l|i|eɪ}} {{respell|AL|ee|ay}},<ref>{{Cite Oxforddictionary Dictionaries|url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Allier |accessarchive-dateurl=21https://web.archive.org/web/20191229005004/https://www.lexico.com/definition/allier August|url-status=dead |archive-date=2019-12-29 |title=Allier |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|æ|l|ˈ|j|eɪ|,_|ɑː|l|ˈ|j|eɪ}} {{respell|a(h)l|YAY}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/allier|title=Allier|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Allier|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-|fr|alje|lang|Fr-Paris--Allier.ogg}}; {{lang-oc|Alèir}}) is a [[Departments of France|department]] and department in the [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]] [[Regions of France|region]] inthat borders [[Cher (department)|Cher]] to the centrewest, of[[Nièvre]] Franceto the north, [[Saône-et-Loire]] and [[Loire (department)|Loire]] to the east, [[Puy-de-Dôme]] to the south, and [[Creuse]] to the south-west. Named after the river [[Allier (river)|Allier]], it had a population of 339334,384872 in 20162021.<ref name=pop2021>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7728806/dep03.pdf Populations légales 2021: 03 Allier], INSEE (in French)</ref> [[Moulins, Allier|Moulins]] is the [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]]; [[Montluçon]] and [[Vichy]] are the [[Subprefectures in France|subprefectures]]. Its [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (France)|INSEE]] and [[Postal codes in France|post code]] is 03.
Before 2018, Thethe inhabitants of the department doesdid not have demonyma namedemonym. The inhabitants of the department have officially been known in French as ''Bourbonnais'' since 2018, a reference to the historic province of [[Bourbonnais]]. Until then, the unofficial term ''Elavérins'' had been used.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cooke |first1=Virginie |title=Les habitants de l'Allier vont officiellement s'appeler les Bourbonnais |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/allier/habitants-allier-vont-officiellement-s-appeler-bourbonnais-1555084.html |publisher=France 3 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |access-date=28 February 2019 |language=fr |date=9 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ména |first1=Stéphanie |title=Les habitants de l'Allier auront officiellement un nouveau nom ce jeudi : les Bourbonnais ! |url=https://www.lamontagne.fr/moulins/allier/2018/10/18/les-habitants-de-l-allier-auront-officiellement-un-nom-ce-jeudi-les-bourbonnais_13002333.html |website=La Montagne |access-date=28 February 2019 |language=fr |date=18 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ALLIER |url=https://www.habitants.fr/allier-03 |website=habitants.fr |publisher=SARL Patagos |access-date=28 February 2019 |language=fr}}</ref>
== Geography ==
[[File:Château de Billy.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Château de Billy]]]]
Allier department is composed of almost all of the former [[Duchy of Bourbonnais]]. It is part of the [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]] region and bordersit thewas departmentspart of [[Cher (department)|Cher]] to the westhistorical, [[Nièvre]]cultural toand theadministrative north,region [[Saône-et-Loire]] andof [[LoireAuvergne (departmentadministrative region)|LoireAuvergne]] to the east, [[Puy-de-Dôme]] to the south, and [[Creuse]] to theuntil south-west2016.
===Principal communes===
;Major towns:
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Moulins, Allier|Moulins]] (préfecture)
* [[Montluçon]]
* [[Vichy]]
* [[Gannat]]
* [[Saint-Pourçain-sur-Sioule]]
* [[Yzeure]]
* [[Bourbon-l'Archambault]]
* [[Néris-les-Bains]]
* [[Commentry]]
* [[Cusset]]
* [[Saint-Yorre]]
* [[Lapalisse]]
{{div col end}}
The most populous commune is [[Montluçon]]; the prefecture [[Moulins, Allier|Moulins]] is the third-most populous. As of 2021, there are 5 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2021/>
The department also includes three spa towns:
* [[Bourbon-l'Archambault]]
* [[Néris-les-Bains]]
* [[Vichy]]
{| class=wikitable
Neris-les-Bains is the only town in the department with more than 10% of second homes: 504 out of 1,800 homes in 1999.
! Commune
! Population (2021)
|-
| [[Montluçon]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 33,342
|-
| [[Vichy]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 25,789
|-
| [[Moulins, Allier|Moulins]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 19,343
|-
| [[Cusset]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 12,909
|-
| [[Yzeure]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 12,598
|}
The department also includes the spa towns [[Bourbon-l'Archambault]], [[Néris-les-Bains]] and Vichy.
=== Relief ===
Line 139 ⟶ 141:
A transition zone in the middle of the country, Allier is actually a free zone between north and south. The department is wide open to Atlantic influences and enjoys a mild and humid climate dominated by westerly winds which helps a little to differentiate it from other parts of Auvergne. The weather variances coincide with the diversity of Bourbonnais territory such as: flat regions, low altitude Bourbonnais Sologne and large floodplains, the hill country, the average altitude of 300 to 600 metres, the central part of the department, and the semi-mountainous southern townships bordering the Combraille and Forez between 700 and 1,200 metres.
There are two periods of maximum precipitation in June and October and a minimum in January and February with average of 694 millimetres in [[Montluçon]] (altitude 207 metres), 763 mm in [[Moulins, Allier|Moulins]] (245 m), 778 mm in [[Vichy]] (251 m), 791 mm in [[Lapalisse]] (285 m). and nearly 1,200 mm in Assisi (1,050 m). As noted Atlantic winds are dominant from the west, northwest, or southwest. The influence of topography, especially in the valleys of Cher and Allier, also contributes to the south and north variance.
{{Meteo France
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Allier is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the former [[Provinces of France|provinces]] of [[Auvergne (province)|Auvergne]] and [[Bourbonnais]].
In 1940, the [[Vichy France|government]] of Marshal [[Philippe Pétain]] chose the town of [[Vichy]] as its capital. Vichy also became the department's second [[Subprefectures in France|sub-prefecture]] in 1940, since the department now found itself split by the [[:fr:LigneDemarcation deline démarcation(France)|demarcation line]] between the [[Zone occupée|occupied]] and (relatively, at least initially) free zones of [[German occupation of France during World War II|France]].
=== Heraldry ===
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[[File:Allier.jpg|thumb|425px|Map of Allier]]
On 1 January 19972017 the population of Allier was estimated at 357337,100988 inhabitants which represented an average density of 5046 people/km²<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=pophist/> Many areas have a density less than 20 people/km²<sup>2</sup>. Because of its low population density, it is considered to fall within the [[empty diagonal]].
Since the early 1980s Allier has faced many demographic handicaps. The ratio of older people is important and with low fertility rates the natural growth is negative. MeanwhileNet migration was negative between 1968 and 1999, netand migrationslightly haspositive becomebetween very1999 negativeand 2017.<ref name=pophist/>
Allier has three major cities: [[Montluçon]], [[Vichy]], and [[Moulins, Allier|Moulins]] by size. The rest of the department includes some small towns and villages, scattered mainly along the rivers. The few villages are far from one another, and it is generally a sparsely-populated department. Until the end of the 19th century, however, the population was increasing because the development of its cities (industries at Montluçon and Moulins, spas in Vichy) compensated by the rural exodus. The department then passed 420,000 inhabitants. After losses of the [[First World War]], the population stabilized and grew a little again in the 1960s. Since then, the continuing rural exodus and especially the decline of old industries has made the population decrease and age steadily, from 386,533 inhabitants in 1968 to 337,988 in 2017.
At 1 January 2009 the legal population was 343,046 inhabitants. The fertility rate was slightly lower than the national average in 2007 but would renew the Allier population if it were not for the lack of jobs that led to the exodus of young people to more favourable employment areas, thus confirming a negative net migration.
The population of the department is approximately equal of the country of [[Iceland]].
Allier has three major cities: [[Montluçon]], [[Vichy]], and [[Moulins, Allier|Moulins]] by size. The rest of the department includes some small towns and villages, scattered mainly along the rivers. The few villages are far from one another, and it is generally a sparsely-populated department. Until the end of the 19th century, however, the population was increasing because the development of its cities (industries at Montluçon and Moulins, spas in Vichy) compensated by the rural exodus. The department then passed 420,000 inhabitants. After losses of the [[First World War]], the population stabilized and grew a little again in the 1960s. Since then, the continuing rural exodus and especially the decline of old industries has made the population decrease and age steadily, from 386,533 inhabitants in 1968 to 343,046 in 2009.
{{Historical populations
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=== Prefecture ===
Valérie Hatsch is prefect of Allier since 28 March 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=La préfète - Valérie HATSCH |url=https://www.allier.gouv.fr/la-prefete-valerie-hatsch-a3623.html |website=allier.gouv.fr |publisher=Prefecture of Allier |access-date=29 November 2022 |language=French |date=31 March 2022}}</ref>
Jean-Luc Marx, the prefect of [[Lot (department)|Lot]], was named the prefect of Allier on 1 June 2011, replacing Pierre Monzani who was appointed Prefect of [[Seine-et-Marne]] on 25 May 2011.
Monzani had been prefect of Allier since 14 January 2009. Born on 12 May 1958 in [[Villerupt]] ([[Meurthe-et-Moselle]]), he holds a civil service ''agrégation'' in history and a ''DEA'' in history and civilization. A former student of the [[École Normale SuperieureSupérieure]] ([[Saint-Cloud]]) and of [[École nationale d'administration]] (ENA), since August 2006 he has been director of INHES (National Institute of Advanced Security Studies).<ref>{{citeCite web|url=http://www.hcfdc.org/trophees/docs/cv/monzani.pdf|title=HCFDC Pierre Monzani}}</ref>
=== Two senators ===
After 2020 Senate elections, the two senators of Allier are Bruno Rojouan and [[Claude Malhuret]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Résultats des élections sénatoriales 2020 |url=https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Archives/Archives-elections/Elections-senatoriales-2020/elecresult__senatoriales-2020/(path)/senatoriales-2020/003/index.html |website=interieur.gouv.fr |access-date=29 November 2022 |language=French}}</ref>
In the Senate elections in 2008 the left took one of the two Senate seats in Allier formerly held by the right. Mireille Schurch, [[French Communist Party|PCF]] Mayor of [[Lignerolles, Allier|Lignerolles]], was elected:
Line 322 ⟶ 328:
* [[Mireille Schurch]] [[French Communist Party|PCF]]
=== Representatives in the National Assembly ===
The elections of 2007 returned three Socialists ([[Bernard Lesterlin]] for Montluçon, [[Jean Mallot]] for Saint-Pourçain, and [[Guy Chambefort]] for Moulins) and one PRG ([[Gérard Charasse]] for Vichy).
The current representatives are:
===Current Representatives===
{| class="wikitable"
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!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|French Communist Party/meta/color}}" |
| [[Allier's 1st constituency]]
| [[Jean-PaulYannick DufrègneMonnet]]
| [[French Communist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{Enparty Marche!/meta/color|National Rally}}" |
| [[Allier's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Jorys Bovet]]
| [[Laurence Vanceunebrock-Mialon]]
| [[National Rally]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{Enparty Marche!/meta/color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Allier's 3rd constituency]]
| [[BénédicteNicolas PeyrolRay]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|}
=== Departmental AssemblyCouncil ===
In the local elections of March 2008, Allier department was won by a majority of the left. The URB (Republican Union for Bourbonnais, right) had headed the department between 2001 and 2008, with the last year with only one vote majority. From 2008 the left coalition was in control also with a majority of one vote (10 PC, 6 PS, 2 PRG, 18 seats in total), facing 17 councilors from the URB. Allier Council is chaired by a Communist, Jean-Paul Dufregne as for [[Val-de-Marne]] department in [[Île-de-France]]. The General Council of Allier has also been led – after decentralization – by a communist: Jean-Claude Mairal (1998–2001). The loss of his mandate was included in a national dynamic of victory of the right.
{{main|Departmental Council of Allier}}
{| border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;"
The current President of the Departmental Council is Claude Riboulet, elected in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Delacou|first1=Antoine|title=Claude Riboulet succède à Gérard Dériot à la présidence du conseil départemental de l'Allier|url=http://www.lamontagne.fr/moulins/politique/allier/2017/09/25/claude-riboulet-succede-a-gerard-deriot-a-la-presidence-du-conseil-departemental-de-l-allier_12564770.html|website=Lamontagne.fr|language=fr|date=25 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/allier/moulins/claude-riboulet-succede-gerard-deriot-tete-du-conseil-departemental-allier-1334537.html|title=Claude Riboulet succède à Gérard Dériot à la tête du Conseil départemental de l'Allier|website=France 3|language=fr|date=25 September 2017}}</ref> In the [[2021 French departmental elections|2021 departmental election]], the Departmental Council of Allier was elected as follows:<ref>[https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Departementales/elecresult__departementales-2021/(path)/departementales-2021/003/index.html Résultats des élections départementales 2021: Allier (03)], Ministère de l'intérieur</ref>
!colspan=2| Party || seats
|-
{| class=wikitable
! style="background-color: {{Miscellaneous Right/meta/color}}" |
!colspan=2| Party || Seats
|Miscellaneous Right ||align="right"| 13
|-
! style="background-color: {{Frenchparty Communistcolor|Miscellaneous Party/meta/colorRight}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[FrenchMiscellaneous Communist Partyright]] ||align="right"| 920
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)/meta/color}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] ||align="right"| 6
|-
! style="background-color: {{Union for a Popular Movement/meta/color}}#82A2C6" |
|[[Union for a Popular Movement]]Centre-right ||align="right"| 4
|-
! style="background-color: {{Leftparty Radicalcolor|French Communist Party/meta/color}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[LeftFrench RadicalCommunist Party]] ||align="right"| 2
|-
! style="background-color: {{Miscellaneous Left/meta/color}}#b9daff" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Miscellaneous Left]]Right ||align="right"| 12
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
|[[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] ||align="right"| 2
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Left Radical Party}}" |
|[[Left Radical Party]] ||align="right"| 2
|-
|}
In the local elections of March 2008, Allier department was won by a majority of the left. The URB (Republican Union for Bourbonnais, right) had headed the department between 2001 and 2008, with the last year with only one vote majority. From 2008 the left coalition was in control also with a majority of one vote (10 PC, 6 PS, 2 PRG, 18 seats in total), facing 17 councilors from the URB.
=== Three major cities ===
The three major cities of Allier are run by mayors of the right who were re-elected in the 2008 municipal elections in the first round by Daniel Dugléry in Montluçon and in the second round for [[Pierre-André Périssol]] in Moulins, and [[Claude Malhuret]] in Vichy.
=== History of the left in Allier ===
Line 432 ⟶ 442:
== Gastronomy and viticulture ==
{{Main|French cuisine|French wine}}
The [[pâté aux pommes de terre]] is one of the specialities of the Allier, as well as of the neighboring Limousin region. The river [[Allier (river)|Allier]] is one of the rare places in Southern Europe where the freshwater [[Thymallus thymallus|grayling]] (''Thymallus thymallus''), known in French as ''ombre des rivières'', occurs in a natural habitat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecrr.org/pdf/3rd_confrence_abstracts/33_redeker_weyand_nusch.pdf|title=The grayling zones of rivers and their tributaries|access-date=14 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207210350/http://www.ecrr.org/pdf/3rd_confrence_abstracts/33_redeker_weyand_nusch.pdf|archive-date=7 February 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> This fish is much valued in French gastronomy for its fine and delicate texture and is best eaten along with a light wine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cuisine.tv/cid17768/les-accords-vin-poisson.html|title=Les accords vin-poisson – Célébration d'un mariage réussi!|access-date=14 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127151025/http://www.cuisine-plus.tv/cid17768/les-accords-vin-poisson.html|archive-date=27 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Line 439 ⟶ 450:
=== Second homes ===
In 20082020 the quantity of dwellings in the department which were second homes was 7.52%.<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7632072?geo=DEP-03 Logement en 2020: Catégories et types de logements], [[INSEE]] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ThisThe table below shows the main communes of Allier with second homes and which occasionally exceed 10% of total housing.
The department has attracted many foreigners, English, Belgian, Swiss, and Dutch, and they have acquired many second homes. Therefore many communes have become "European", such as [[Pouzy-Mésangy]], which today has many English and Swiss residents.
Therefore many communes have become "European", such as [[Pouzy-Mésangy]], which today has many English and Swiss residents.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|+Communes with population over 1,000 and more than 10% of second homes in 20082019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwwstatistiques-locales.insee.fr/fr/accueil#bbox=229602,5944798,240200,210212&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&i2=bdcom.pt_log_rsecocc&s=2019&s2=2019&t=A01&t2=A01&view=map1|title=InseeStatistiques − Institut national delocales: la statistique etPart des étudesrésidences économiquessecondaires, |population Inseemunicipale|websitepublisher=www.insee.fr[[INSEE]]}}</ref>
! scope="col" | Town
! scope="col" | Municipal population
! scope="col" | Number of lodgings
! scope="col" | Secondary homes
! scope="col" | Percentage of<br />secondary homes
|-
| [[Néris-les-Bains]]
! scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[Saint-Nicolas-des-Biefs]]
| {{formatnum:2570}}
| 181
| 30030.3%
| 203
| 67.67%
|-
| [[Cérilly, Allier|Cérilly]]
! scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[Laprugne]]
| {{formatnum:1305}}
| 360
| 53716.4%
| 305
| 56.80%
|-
| [[Ébreuil]]
! scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[Chouvigny]]
| {{formatnum:1270}}
| 239
| 26814.5%
| 131
| 48.88%
|-
| [[Bourbon-l'Archambault]]
! scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[Châtel-Montagne]]
| {{formatnum:2572}}
| 419
| 37313.5%
| 131
| 35.15%
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[Arfeuilles]]
| 685
| 667
| 234
| 35.08%
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[Saint-Clément, Allier|Saint-Clément]]
| 355
| 313
| 105
| 33.55%
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[Néris-les-Bains]]
| {{formatnum:2704}}
| {{formatnum:1842}}
| 435
| 23.62%
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[Saint-Bonnet-Tronçais]]
| 755
| 538
| 125
| 23.32%
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[Ébreuil]]
| {{formatnum:1270}}
| 736
| 160
| 21.74%
|-
| [[Buxières-les-Mines]]
! scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[Cérilly, Allier|Cérilly]]
| {{formatnum:13791026}}
| 88613.5%
| 119
| 13.40%
|-
| [[Le Mayet-de-Montagne]]
! scope="row" style="text-align:left" | [[Bourbon-l'Archambault]]
| {{formatnum:25931384}}
| 10.0%
| {{formatnum:1519}}
| 170
| 11.17%
|}
Line 533 ⟶ 498:
=== Regional languages ===
Allier is traversed by the border between [[Occitan language|Occitan]] and [[French language|French]].<ref>Charles de Tourtoulon and Octavien Bringuier (1876), ''Study on the geographical limits of Occitan and French (with a map)'', Paris: Imprimerie Nationale [reprinted 2004, Masseret-Meuzac: Institut d’Estudis Occitans de Lemosin/Lo Chamin de Sent Jaume] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
For a long period the people of Allier did not speak standard French but one of the following local languages:
* [[Bourbonnais]]: Dialect [[Langues d'oïl|oïl]], north of a line from [[Montluçon]] to [[Saint-Pourçain-sur-Sioule]] to [[Lapalisse]]
* [[Auvergnat dialect|Auvergnat]]: (a dialect of [[Occitan language|Occitan]]) in the extreme south
* the area between the two, sometimes called ''Bourbon d'oc'' is part of the ''[[Crescent (Occitania)|Occitan Crescent]]'',<ref>Guylaine Brun-Trigaud (1990), ''The Crescent:the concept and the word. Contribution to the history of the French dialect of the 19th century (Thesis)'', coll. Série dialectologie, Lyon: Centre d’Études Linguistiques Jacques Goudet {{in lang|fr}}</ref> an area of mixing of French and Occitan considered by most linguists as Occitan with French pronunciation. Some<ref>E.g. Nicolas Quint, ''The marchois speech of Saint-Priest-la-Feuille (Creuse)'' {{in lang|fr}}</ref> consider the speech of the Crescent to be a full Occitan dialect and use the term ''Marchois''.
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* [[Cantons of the Allier department]]
* [[Communes of the Allier department]]
* [[List of intercommunalities of the Allier department]]
== References ==