Allier: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{short description|Department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France}}

{{about|the French department}}

{{Distinguish|Allier, Hautes-Pyrénées}}

{{other uses}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement

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| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which excludes [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km²

}}

'''Allier''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|æ|l|i|eɪ}} {{respell|AL|ee|ay}},<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Allier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229005004/https://www.lexico.com/definition/allier |url-status=dead |archive-date=2019-12-29 |title=Allier |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|æ|l|ˈ|j|eɪ|,_|ɑː|l|ˈ|j|eɪ}} {{respell|a(h)l|YAY}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/allier|title=Allier|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Allier|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-|fr|alje|lang|Fr-Paris--Allier.ogg}}; {{lang-oc|Alèir}}) is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]] [[Regions of France|region]] that borders [[Cher (department)|Cher]] to the west, [[Nièvre]] to the north, [[Saône-et-Loire]] and [[Loire (department)|Loire]] to the east, [[Puy-de-Dôme]] to the south, and [[Creuse]] to the south-west. Named after the river [[Allier (river)|Allier]], it had a population of 335334,975872 in 20192021.<ref name=pop2019pop2021>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/60110607728806/dep03.pdf Populations légales 20192021: 03 Allier], INSEE (in French)</ref> [[Moulins, Allier|Moulins]] is the [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]]; [[Montluçon]] and [[Vichy]] are the [[Subprefectures in France|subprefectures]]. Its [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (France)|INSEE]] and [[Postal codes in France|post code]] is 03.

Before 2018, the inhabitants of the department did not have a demonym. The inhabitants of the department have officially been known in French as ''Bourbonnais'' since 2018, a reference to the historic province of [[Bourbonnais]]. Until then, the unofficial term ''Elavérins'' had been used.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cooke |first1=Virginie |title=Les habitants de l'Allier vont officiellement s'appeler les Bourbonnais |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/allier/habitants-allier-vont-officiellement-s-appeler-bourbonnais-1555084.html |publisher=France 3 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |access-date=28 February 2019 |language=fr |date=9 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ména |first1=Stéphanie |title=Les habitants de l'Allier auront officiellement un nouveau nom ce jeudi : les Bourbonnais ! |url=https://www.lamontagne.fr/moulins/allier/2018/10/18/les-habitants-de-l-allier-auront-officiellement-un-nom-ce-jeudi-les-bourbonnais_13002333.html |website=La Montagne |access-date=28 February 2019 |language=fr |date=18 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ALLIER |url=https://www.habitants.fr/allier-03 |website=habitants.fr |publisher=SARL Patagos |access-date=28 February 2019 |language=fr}}</ref>

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[[File:Château de Billy.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Château de Billy]]]]

Allier department is composed of almost all of the former [[Duchy of Bourbonnais]]. It is part of the [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]] and it was part of the historical, cultural and administrative region of [[Auvergne (administrative region)|Auvergne]] until 2016.

===Principal communes===

The most populous commune is [[Montluçon]]; the prefecture [[Moulins, Allier|Moulins]] is the third-most populous. As of 20192021, there are 5 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019pop2021/>

{| class=wikitable

! Commune

! Population (20192021)

|-

| [[Montluçon]]

| style="text-align: center;" | 3433,361342

|-

| [[Vichy]]

| style="text-align: center;" | 2425,980789

|-

| [[Moulins, Allier|Moulins]]

| style="text-align: center;" | 19,246343

|-▼

| [[Yzeure]]▼

| style="text-align: center;" | 12,838▼

|-

| [[Cusset]]

| style="text-align: center;" | 12,474909

▲|-

▲| [[Yzeure]]

▲| style="text-align: center;" | 12,838598

|}

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[[File:Allier.jpg|thumb|425px|Map of Allier]]

On 1 January 2017 the population of Allier was estimated at 337,988 inhabitants which represented an average density of 46 people/km²².<ref name=pophist/> Many areas have a density less than 20 people/km²². Because of its low population density, it is considered to fall within the [[empty diagonal]].

Since the early 1980s Allier has faced many demographic handicaps. The ratio of older people is important and with low fertility rates the natural growth is negative. Net migration was negative between 1968 and 1999, and slightly positive between 1999 and 2017.<ref name=pophist/>

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== Gastronomy and viticulture ==

{{Main|French cuisine|French wine}}

The [[pâté aux pommes de terre]] is one of the specialities of the Allier, as well as of the neighboring Limousin region. The river [[Allier (river)|Allier]] is one of the rare places in Southern Europe where the freshwater [[Thymallus thymallus|grayling]] (''Thymallus thymallus''), known in French as ''ombre des rivières'', occurs in a natural habitat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecrr.org/pdf/3rd_confrence_abstracts/33_redeker_weyand_nusch.pdf|title=The grayling zones of rivers and their tributaries|access-date=14 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207210350/http://www.ecrr.org/pdf/3rd_confrence_abstracts/33_redeker_weyand_nusch.pdf|archive-date=7 February 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> This fish is much valued in French gastronomy for its fine and delicate texture and is best eaten along with a light wine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cuisine.tv/cid17768/les-accords-vin-poisson.html|title=Les accords vin-poisson – Célébration d'un mariage réussi!|access-date=14 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127151025/http://www.cuisine-plus.tv/cid17768/les-accords-vin-poisson.html|archive-date=27 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

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=== Second homes ===

In 20192020 the quantity of dwellings in the department which were second homes was 7.32%.<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/20111017632072?geo=DEP-03#chiffre-cle-3 DossierLogement complet,en 2020: Catégories et types de logements], [[INSEE]] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> The table below shows the main communes of Allier with second homes and which exceed 10% of total housing.

The department has attracted many foreigners, English, Belgian, Swiss, and Dutch, and they have acquired many second homes. Therefore many communes have become "European", such as [[Pouzy-Mésangy]], which today has many English and Swiss residents.