Apple M1: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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| caption = Illustration of an M1 (APL1102) processor

| created = '''M1:''' November 10, 2020<ref name="anandtech"/> '''M1 Pro and Max:''' October 18, 2021 '''M1 Ultra:''' March 8, 2022

| code = '''M1:''' APL1102<ref>{{Citation |title=[Teardown] Late 2020 Mac mini: Apple Silicon M1, Thunderbolt... |url=https://egpu.io/forums/desktop-computing/teardown-late-2020-mac-mini-apple-silicon-m1-thunderbolt-4-usb4-pcie-4/ |language=en-US |access-date=2020-11-18 |archive-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202155235/https://egpu.io/forums/desktop-computing/teardown-late-2020-mac-mini-apple-silicon-m1-thunderbolt-4-usb4-pcie-4/ |url-status=live }}</ref> '''M1 Pro:''' APL1103 '''M1 Max:''' APL1105<ref>[{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/vadimyuryev/status/1506018921232568320 |title=APL1105 from @VadimYuryev on Twitter] |access-date=2022-06-11 |archive-date=2022-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321220805/https://twitter.com/vadimyuryev/status/1506018921232568320 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Verify source|date=June 2022}} '''M1 Ultra:''' APL1W06{{cn|date=June 2022}}

| microarch = "Firestorm" and "Icestorm"<ref name="anandtech">{{Citation |last=Frumusanu |first=Andrei |title=The 2020 Mac Mini Unleashed: Putting Apple Silicon M1 To The Test |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/16252/mac-mini-apple-m1-tested |publication-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=2020-11-18 |archive-date=2021-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201183558/https://www.anandtech.com/show/16252/mac-mini-apple-m1-tested |url-status=live }}</ref>

| size-from = [[5 nm process|5 nm]]

| designfirm = [[Apple Inc.]]

| manuf1 = [[TSMC]]

| arch = [[AArch64#ARMv8.5-A|ARMv8.5-A]]<ref name="m1microarch">{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/main/llvm/include/llvm/Support/AArch64TargetParser.def|title=llvm-project/AArch64TargetParser.def · llvm/lvm-project · GitHub|website=[[GitHub]] |date=17 July 2022|access-date=4 May 2022|archive-date=4 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504192056/https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/main/llvm/include/llvm/Support/AArch64TargetParser.def|url-status=live}}</ref>

| gpu = Apple-designed integrated graphics

'''M1:''' 7- or 8-core GPU

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'''M1 Max:''' 24- or 32-core GPU

'''M1 Ultra:''' 48- or 64-core GPU

| transistors = '''M1:''' 16 billion '''M1 Pro:''' 33.7 billion '''M1 Max:''' 57 billion<ref>{{cite web|last=Shankland|first=Stephen|title=M1 Pro and M1 Max: Here's how Apple is kicking Intel out of the Mac computer|url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/m1-pro-and-m1-max-heres-how-apple-is-kicking-intel-out-of-the-mac-computer/|access-date=2021-10-26|website=CNET|language=en|archive-date=2022-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430114624/https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/m1-pro-and-m1-max-heres-how-apple-is-kicking-intel-out-of-the-mac-computer/|url-status=live}}</ref> '''M1 Ultra:''' 114 billion

| numcores = '''M1:''' 8 (4× high-performance + 4× high-efficiency) '''M1 Pro:''' 8 or 10 (6× or 8× high-performance + 2× high-efficiency) '''M1 Max:''' 10 (8× high-performance + 2× high-efficiency) '''M1 Ultra:''' 20 (16× high-performance + 4× high-efficiency)

| application = '''M1:''' Desktop ([[Mac Mini]], [[iMac]]), notebook ([[MacBook]] family), tablet ([[iPad Pro]] and [[iPad Air (5th generation)|iPad Air]])

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The '''M1''' was introduced in November 2020. The M1 was followed by the professional-focused '''M1 Pro''' and '''M1 Max''' chips in 2021. The M1 Max is a higher-powered version of the M1 Pro, with more [[GPU]] cores and [[memory bandwidth]] and a larger [[Die (integrated circuit)|die size]]. Apple introduced the '''M1 Ultra''' in 2022, combining two M1 Max chips in one package. These chips differ largely in size and the number of functional units: for example, while the original M1 has about 16 billion [[transistor]]s, the M1 Ultra has 114 billion.

Apple's [[macOS]] and [[iPadOS]] [[operating system]]s both run on the M1. Initial support for the M1 SoC in the [[Linux]] kernel was released in version 5.13 on June 27, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adorno|first=José|date=2021-06-28|title=Linux Kernel 5.13 officially launches with support for M1 Macs|url=https://9to5mac.com/2021/06/28/linux-kernel-5-13-officially-launches-with-support-for-m1-macs/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=9to5Mac|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628203828/https://9to5mac.com/2021/06/28/linux-kernel-5-13-officially-launches-with-support-for-m1-macs/|url-status=live}}</ref> The initial versions of the M1 chips contain an architectural defect that permits sandboxed applications to exchange data, violating the security model, an issue that has been described as "mostly harmless".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Goodin|first=Dan|date=2021-05-28|title=Covert channel in Apple's M1 is mostly harmless, but it sure is interesting|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/05/apples-m1-chip-has-a-security-bug-but-dont-worry-its-mostly-harmless/|access-date=2021-11-18|website=Ars Technica|language=en-us|archive-date=2021-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727162653/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/05/apples-m1-chip-has-a-security-bug-but-dont-worry-its-mostly-harmless/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Design ==

=== CPU ===

The M1 has four high-performance "Firestorm" and four energy-efficient "Icestorm" [[Multi-core processor|cores]], first seen on the [[Apple A14|A14 Bionic]]. It has a [[Heterogeneous computing#Heterogeneous CPU topology|hybrid]] configuration similar to [[ARM DynamIQ]] and Intel's [[Tremont (microarchitecture)#Mobile processors (Lakefield)|Lakefield]], [[Alder Lake (microprocessor)|Alder Lake]] and [[Raptor Lake (microprocessor)|Raptor Lake]] processors.<ref name="Apple M1">{{cite web |title=Apple M1 Chip |url=https://www.apple.com/mac/m1/ |website=Apple.com |publisher=Apple |access-date=11 November 2020 |archive-date=10 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110184757/https://www.apple.com/mac/m1/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This combination allows power-use optimizations not possible with previous [[Apple–Intel architecture]] devices. Apple claims the energy-efficient cores use one-tenth the power of the high-performance ones.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-10|title=Here's what the future of Apple silicon Macs look like|url=https://www.imore.com/mac-apple-silicon-transition-everything-you-need-know|access-date=2020-12-05|website=iMore|archive-date=2020-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207160607/https://www.imore.com/mac-apple-silicon-transition-everything-you-need-know|url-status=live}}</ref> The high-performance cores have an unusually large<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |access-date=2021-07-15 |website=AnandTech |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/16226/apple-silicon-m1-a14-deep-dive/2 |title=Apple Announces The Apple Silicon M1: Ditching x86 – What to Expect, Based on A14: Apple's Humongous CPU Microarchitecture |archive-date=2021-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717225032/https://www.anandtech.com/show/16226/apple-silicon-m1-a14-deep-dive/2 |url-status=live }}</ref> 192 KB of L1 [[CPU Cache|instruction cache]] and 128 KB of L1 data cache and share a 12 MB L2 cache; the energy-efficient cores have a 128 KB L1 instruction cache, 64 KB L1 data cache, and a shared 4 MB L2 cache. The SoC also has a 8MB System Level Cache shared by the GPU.

The M1 Pro and M1 Max use the same [[ARM big.LITTLE]] design as the M1, with eight high-performance "Firestorm" (six in the [[Product binning#Semiconductor manufacturing|lower-binned]] variants of the M1 Pro) and two energy-efficient "Icestorm" [[Multi-core processor|cores]], providing a total of ten cores (eight in the lower-binned variants of the M1 Pro).<ref name="Apple M1 Pro">{{cite web|title=Introducing M1 Pro and M1 Max: the most powerful chips Apple has ever built|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2021/10/introducing-m1-pro-and-m1-max-the-most-powerful-chips-apple-has-ever-built/|access-date=2021-10-22|website=Apple Newsroom|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022073650/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2021/10/introducing-m1-pro-and-m1-max-the-most-powerful-chips-apple-has-ever-built/|url-status=live}}</ref> The high-performance cores are clocked at 3228 MHz, and the high-efficiency cores are clocked at 2064 MHz. The eight high-performance cores are split into two clusters. Each high-performance cluster shares 12 MB of L2 cache. The two high-efficiency cores share 4 MB of L2 cache. The M1 Pro and M1 Max have 24 MB and 48 MB respectively of system level cache (SLC).<ref name="Frumusanu M1 Pro">{{cite web|last=Frumusanu|first=Andrei|title=Apple's M1 Pro, M1 Max SoCs Investigated: New Performance and Efficiency Heights|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/17024/apple-m1-max-performance-review|access-date=2022-01-29|website=www.anandtech.com|archive-date=2021-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073809/https://www.anandtech.com/show/17024/apple-m1-max-performance-review|url-status=live}}</ref>

The M1 Ultra combines two M1 Max chips in one package<ref name="wccfm1u">{{cite web|title=Apple M1 Ultra Chip Is Nearly 3 Times Bigger Than AMD's Ryzen CPUs, Benchmarks Show Desktop Intel & AMD CPUs Still Ahead|url=https://wccftech.com/apple-m1-ultra-chip-is-nearly-3-times-bigger-amd-ryzen-cpus-benchmarks-show-intel-amd-cpus-still-ahead/|date=2022-03-19|access-date=2022-03-21|website=wccftech.com|archive-date=2022-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321033043/https://wccftech.com/apple-m1-ultra-chip-is-nearly-3-times-bigger-amd-ryzen-cpus-benchmarks-show-intel-amd-cpus-still-ahead/|url-status=live}}</ref> for a total of 20 CPU cores and 96 MB system level cache (SLC).

=== GPU ===

The M1 integrates an Apple designed<ref name="ApplDesignedGPU">[{{Cite web |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/17024/apple-m1-max-performance-review/6 |title=Apple's M1 Pro, M1 Max SoCs Investigated: New Performance and Efficiency Heights. Page 6, "GPU Performance: 2-4x For Productivity, Mixed Gaming"] |access-date=2021-11-29 |archive-date=2021-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129210300/https://www.anandtech.com/show/17024/apple-m1-max-performance-review/6 |url-status=live }}</ref> eight-core (seven in some base models) graphics processing unit (GPU). Each GPU core is split into 16 Execution Units, which each contain eight [[Arithmetic Logic Unit]]s (ALUs). In total, the M1 GPU contains up to 128 [[Execution unit]]s or 1024 ALUs,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Frumusanu|first=Andrei|title=The 2020 Mac Mini Unleashed: Putting Apple Silicon M1 To The Test|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/16252/mac-mini-apple-m1-tested|access-date=2021-01-30|website=www.anandtech.com|archive-date=2021-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201183558/https://www.anandtech.com/show/16252/mac-mini-apple-m1-tested|url-status=live}}</ref> which Apple says can execute up to 24,576 threads simultaneously and which have a maximum floating point (FP32) performance of 2.6 [[TFLOPS|TFLOPs]].<ref name="Apple M1" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kingsley-Hughes |first1=Adrian |title=Apple Silicon M1 chip: Here's what we know |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-silicon-m1-chip-heres-what-we-know/ |access-date=1 July 2021 |work=ZDnet |publisher=Red Ventures |date=10 Nov 2020 |archive-date=17 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917094527/https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-silicon-m1-chip-heres-what-we-know/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The M1 Pro integrates a 16-core (14 in some base models) graphics processing unit (GPU), while the M1 Max integrates a 32-core (24 in some base models) GPU. In total, the M1 Max GPU contains up to 512 [[execution unit]]s or 4096 ALUs, which have a maximum floating point (FP32) performance of 10.4 [[TFLOPS|TFLOPs]].

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The M1 uses a 128-bit [[LPDDR#LP-DDR4X|LPDDR4X SDRAM]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=M1 MacBook Air & Pro – EXCLUSIVE Apple Interview! {{!}} The Tech Chap – YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lK0ySxQyrs|access-date=2020-11-14|website=www.youtube.com|archive-date=2020-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113185628/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lK0ySxQyrs|url-status=live}}</ref> in a [[Glossary of computer graphics#unified memory|unified memory]] configuration shared by all the components of the processor. The SoC and RAM chips are mounted together in a [[System in a package|system-in-a-package]] design. 8 GB and 16 GB configurations are available.

The M1 Pro has 256-bit [[LPDDR]]5 SDRAM memory, and the M1 Max has 512-bit LPDDR5 SDRAM memory. While the M1 SoC has 66.67GB/s memory bandwidth, the M1 Pro has 200GB/s bandwidth and the M1 Max has a 400GB/s bandwidth.<ref name="Apple M1" /> The M1 Pro comes in memory configurations of 16 GB and 32 GB, and the M1 Max comes in configurations of 32 GB and 64 GB.<ref name="iFixit M1 Pro">{{cite web|title=MacBook Pro 14- and 16-inch – Teardown|url=https://www.ifixit.com/News/54122/macbook-pro-2021-teardown|access-date=2022-04-19|website=iFixit|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611044303/https://www.ifixit.com/News/54122/macbook-pro-2021-teardown|url-status=live}}</ref>

The M1 Ultra doubles the specs of the M1 Max for a 1024-bit (1 Kilobit or 1 Kbit or 1 Kb) memory bus with 800GB/s bandwidth in a 64 GB or 128 GB configuration.

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The M1 contains dedicated [[AI accelerator|neural network hardware]] in a 16-core Neural Engine, capable of executing 11 trillion operations per second.<ref name="Apple M1" /> Other components include an [[Image processor|image signal processor]], a [[PCIe]] storage controller, a [[USB4]] controller that includes [[Thunderbolt 3]] support, and a [[IOS#Secure Enclave|Secure Enclave]]. The M1 Pro, Max and Ultra support [[Thunderbolt 4]].

Supported [[codec]]s on the M1 include [[Advanced Video Coding|H.264]] and [[High Efficiency Video Coding|H.265]] (8/10bit, up to 4:4:4), [[VP9]], and [[JPEG]].{{cn|date=November 2021}} The M1 Pro's media engine introduces support for the [[Apple ProRes]] codec, and the M1 Max includes two engines,<ref>{{cite web|title=Compared: M1 vs M1 Pro and M1 Max|url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/21/10/30/compared-m1-vs-m1-pro-and-m1-max|access-date=2021-12-15|website=AppleInsider|language=en|archive-date=2022-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609190909/https://appleinsider.com/articles/21/10/30/compared-m1-vs-m1-pro-and-m1-max|url-status=live}}</ref> increasing to four with the M1 Ultra.

The M1 Max supports High Power Mode on the 16-inch MacBook Pro for intensive tasks.<ref>{{cite web|title=16-Inch MacBook Pro With M1 Max Has a 'High Power Mode'|url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/16-inch-macbook-pro-with-m1-max-has-a-high-power-mode|access-date=2021-10-25|website=PCMAG|language=en|archive-date=2021-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024192450/https://www.pcmag.com/news/16-inch-macbook-pro-with-m1-max-has-a-high-power-mode|url-status=live}}</ref> The M1 Pro supports two 6K displays at 60Hz over Thunderbolt, while the M1 Max supports a third 6K display over Thunderbolt and a [[4K resolution|4K]] monitor over [[HDMI|HDMI 2.0]].<ref name="iFixit M1 Pro" /> All parameters of the M1 Max processors are doubled in M1 Ultra processors, as they are essentially two M1 Max processors operating in parallel; they are in a single package (in size being bigger than [[Socket AM4]] [[Ryzen|AMD Ryzen]] processor)<ref name="wccfm1u"/> and seen as one processor in macOS.

== Performance and efficiency ==

The M1 recorded competitive performance and efficiency in popular benchmarks ([[Geekbench]] 5, [[Cinebench]] R23).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://borderpolar.com/tech/apple-m1-benchmarks/|title=Apple M1 Benchmarks Are Here – Apple Delivered Performance and Efficiency|first=Anastasios|last=Antoniadis|date=November 21, 2020|website=Borderpolar|access-date=January 6, 2021|archive-date=December 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228121118/https://borderpolar.com/tech/apple-m1-benchmarks/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The 2020 M1-equipped [[Mac Mini]] draws 7 watts when idle and 39 watts at maximum load,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mac mini power consumption and thermal output (BTU) information|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201897|access-date=2021-08-08|website=Apple Support|language=en|archive-date=2017-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021004917/https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201897|url-status=live}}</ref> compared with 20 watts idle and 122 watts maximum load for the 2018, 6-core Intel i7 Mac mini.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2021/01/28/m1-mac-mini-power-consumption/|title=M1 Mac mini power consumption and thermal output figures highlight Apple Silicon efficiency|first=Ben|last=Lovejoy|date=January 28, 2021|website=9To5Mac|access-date=May 14, 2021|archive-date=December 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217135407/https://9to5mac.com/2021/01/28/m1-mac-mini-power-consumption/|url-status=live}}</ref> The energy efficiency of the M1 increases battery life of M1-based MacBooks by 50% compared to previous Intel-based MacBooks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MacBook Air (Retina, 2020) vs MacBook Air (M1, 2020) |url=https://www.apple.com/mac/compare/?modelList=MacBook-Air-Retina~~,MacBook~~%2CMacBook-Air-M1~~,MacBookPro~~%2CMacBookPro-13-M2/%2F |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Apple |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901064542/https://www.apple.com/mac/compare/?modelList=MacBook-Air-Retina%2CMacBook-Air-M1%2CMacBookPro-13-M2%2F |url-status=live }}</ref>

At release, the MacBook Air (M1, 2020) and MacBook Pro (M1, 2020) were praised by critics for its CPU performance and battery life, particularly compared to previous MacBooks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/best-macbooks/|title=The Best MacBooks|first=Andrew|last=Cunningham|date=December 18, 2020|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 6, 2021|archive-date=January 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121174326/https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/best-macbooks/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Yeah, Apple's M1 MacBook Pro is powerful, but it's the battery life that will blow you away |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/11/17/yeah-apples-m1-macbook-pro-is-powerful-but-its-the-battery-life-that-will-blow-you-away/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAABeLBZHnOMV_t9FP1lpBUkG2zCsuevue-T3_mbbnUoPjlcLlae35kI_TWXIHCryEOZOoqJUGNPy5wIJcH4IlgtbPLTv_793dD656F0Ca3Mna9EmCj0_RW0noMk0Tt3NpKupiXeZ94Rhq8GYSbrRBRHNAOPLY13ssUMbaXcWQGwIw |website=TechCrunch | date=17 November 2020 |access-date=23 June 2022 |archive-date=23 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623081958/https://techcrunch.com/2020/11/17/yeah-apples-m1-macbook-pro-is-powerful-but-its-the-battery-life-that-will-blow-you-away/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAABeLBZHnOMV_t9FP1lpBUkG2zCsuevue-T3_mbbnUoPjlcLlae35kI_TWXIHCryEOZOoqJUGNPy5wIJcH4IlgtbPLTv_793dD656F0Ca3Mna9EmCj0_RW0noMk0Tt3NpKupiXeZ94Rhq8GYSbrRBRHNAOPLY13ssUMbaXcWQGwIw |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Products that use the Apple M1 series ==

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====M1racles====

A flaw in M1 processors, given the name "M1racles", was announced in May 2021. Two sandboxed applications can exchange data without the system's knowledge by using an unintentionally writable [[processor register]] as a [[covert channel]], violating the security model and constituting a minor vulnerability. It was discovered by [[Hector Martin (hacker)|Hector Martin]], founder of the [[Asahi Linux]] project for Linux on Apple Silicon.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Goodin |first1=Dan |title=Apple's M1 Chip Has a Fascinating Flaw |url=https://www.wired.com/story/apples-m1-chip-has-fascinating-flaw/ |access-date=1 July 2021 |magazine=Wired |publisher=Condé Nast |date=30 May 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181940/https://www.wired.com/story/apples-m1-chip-has-fascinating-flaw/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Augury====

In May 2022 a flaw termed "Augury" was announced involving the Data-Memory Dependent [[Cache prefetching|Prefetcher]] (DMP) in M1 chips, discovered by researchers at [[Tel Aviv University]], the [[University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign]], and the [[University of Washington]]. It was not considered a substantial security risk at the time.<ref name=augury>{{cite news|url=https://www.macworld.com/article/697101/augury-flaw-apple-silicon-m1-a14-chips-risk.html|title=Newly discovered 'Augury' flaw in M1 and A14 chips doesn't pose a serious risk (yet)|author=Roman Loyola|date=May 3, 2022|work=macworld.com|access-date=June 11, 2022|archive-date=June 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611022105/https://www.macworld.com/article/697101/augury-flaw-apple-silicon-m1-a14-chips-risk.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Pacman====

In June 2022 [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] researchers announced they had found a [[speculative execution]] vulnerability in M1 chips which they called "Pacman" after pointer authentication codes (PAC).<ref name="proceedings">{{cite conference|title = PACMAN: Attacking ARM Pointer Authentication with Speculative Execution|last1 = Ravichandran| first1 = Joseph| last2 = Na|first2 = Weon Taek|last3 = Lang|first3 = Jay|last4 = Yan | first4 = Mengjia|year = 2022|isbn = 9781450386104|publisher = Association for Computing Machinery|location = New York|url = https://doi.org/10.1145/3470496.3527429|doi = 10.1145/3470496.3527429|book-title = Proceedings of the 49th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture|conference = 49th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture| s2cid=249205178 }}</ref> Apple said they did not believe this posed a serious threat to users.<ref name=pacman>{{cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/06/10/apple-m1-unpatchable-flaw/|title=MIT researchers uncover 'unpatchable' flaw in Apple M1 chips|date=June 10, 2022|author=Carly Page|work=techcrunch.com|access-date=June 10, 2022|archive-date=June 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610215827/https://techcrunch.com/2022/06/10/apple-m1-unpatchable-flaw/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Variants ==

The table below shows the various SoCs based on the "Firestorm" and "Icestorm" microarchitectures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple M1 Chip: Everything You Need to Know |url=https://www.macrumors.com/guide/m1/ |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=MacRumors |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730013554/https://www.macrumors.com/guide/m1/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple's M1 Ultra Chip: Everything You Need to Know |url=https://www.macrumors.com/guide/m1-ultra/ |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=MacRumors |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730152021/https://www.macrumors.com/guide/m1-ultra/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

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