Arusha Region: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
Article Images
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|nickname = Arusha Mkoani
|settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]]
|motto = Amazing Arusha
|image_skyline = NgareSero.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = Oldonyo Lengai (Mountain of God) near the town of Ngare Sero, Arusha Region
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
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|government_type = Local Regional Government
|leader_title = Regional commissioner
|leader_name = Magesa Stanslaus Mulongo
|established_title = <!-- Established -->
|established_date =
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
|area_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.nbs.go.tz/takwimu/references/Abstract2011.zip Statistical Abstract 2011, Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics]</ref>
|area_footnotes =<ref name=Brit>"Arusha" in ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica|The New Encyclopaedia Britannica]]''. Chicago: [[Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc.]], 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 611.</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 8634,100506
|area_land_km2 = 33,809
|area_water_km2 = 707
|area_water_percent =
|population_as_of = 2012
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|footnotes =
}} <!-- Infobox ends -->
'''Arusha Region''' is one of [[Tanzania]]'s 30 administrative [[Regions of Tanzania|regions]]. With itsIts capital and largest city at [[Arusha]], it is dividedthe intocity sixof [[Districts of Tanzania|districtsArusha]]. The region is bordered by [[Kajiado County]] and [[Narok County]] in [[Kenya]] to the north, the [[Kilimanjaro Region]] to the east, the [[Manyara Region|Manyara]] and [[Singida Region|Singida]] regions to the south, and the [[Mara Region|Mara]] and [[Simiyu Region|Simiyu]] regions to the west. Major towns include [[Monduli]], [[Namanga]], [[Longido]], and [[Loliondo]] to the north, [[Mto wa Mbu]] and [[Karatu]] to the west, and [[Usa River, Tanzania|Usa River]] to the east. The region is comparable in size to the combined land and water areaareas of the U.SUnited States state of [[Maryland]].<ref>{{Convert|32131|km2|abbr=on}} for Maryland at {{Cite web| url=http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0358.pdf| title=Land and Water Area of States and Other Entities| publisher=Bureau of the Census| year=2008| accessdate=10 April 2013}}<br>{{Convert|3452634506|km2|abbr=on}} for Arusha at {{Cite web| url=http://www.arusha.go.tz/english/index.php| title=Arusha Region| publisher=Office of The Regional Commissioner| accessdate=10 April 2013}}</ref>
[[File:Arusha.jpg|thumb|The City of Arusha with Mount Meru in the background.]]
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== History ==
Much of the present area of Arusha Region used to be [[Maasai people|MasaiMaasai]] land. The MasaiMaasai are still the dominant community in the region.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} Their influence is reflected in the present names of towns, regional culture, cuisine, and geographical features.
The administrative region of Arusha existed in 1922<ref name="Statoids">[http://www.statoids.com/utz.html "Regions of Tanzania", ''Statoids'']</ref> while mainland Tanzania was a British [[League of Nations mandate|mandate]] under the [[League of Nations]] and known as [[Tanganyika]]. In 1948, the area was in the Northern Province,<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dybsets/1955%20DYB.pdf "Demographic Yearbook", Statistical Office, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, Seventh Issue, page 153, New York, 1955]</ref> which includes the present day regions of [[Manyara Region|Manyara]] and [[Kilimanjaro Region|Kilimanjaro]]. In 1966, under the newly independent Tanzanian government, Arusha was given its own regional status.<ref name="Statoids"/>
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== Geography ==
The [[Great Rift Valley]] runs through the middle of the region north-to-south. [[Oldonyo Lengai]] (Mountain of God in the MasaiMaasai language) is an active volcano to the north of the [[Ngorongoro Conservation Area]]. Altitudes throughout the region vary widely, but much of it ranges from {{convert|900|to|1600|m|ft}} in elevation.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
[[Mount Meru (Tanzania)|Mount Meru]], the second highest mountain in Tanzania after [[Mount Kilimanjaro]], peaks at {{convert|4655|m}}. Arusha Region has the highest number of craters and extinct volcanoes in Tanzania.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} Other geographical features include the [[Monduli Mountains]], [[Mt. Longido]], and the [[Olduvai Gorge]].
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== National parks, national monuments, and other sites ==
* [[Arusha National Park]]
* [[Lake Manyara National Park]] (part)▼
* [[Olduvai Gorge]]▼
* [[Uhuru Monument]]▼
* [[Ngorongoro Conservation Area]]▼
* [[Oldonyo Lengai]]▼
* [[Ngurdoto Crater]]▼
* [[Empakaai Crater]]
* [[Engaruka]]▼
* [[Great Rift Valley]]
▲* [[Lake Manyara National Park]] (part)
* [[Mount Longido Forest Reserve]]
* [[Mount Meru Forest Reserve]]
▲* [[Ngorongoro Conservation Area]]
▲* [[Engaruka]]
▲* [[Ngurdoto Crater]]
▲* [[Oldonyo Lengai]]
▲* [[Olduvai Gorge]]
▲* [[Uhuru Monument]]
== Demographics ==
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According to the 2012 national census, the Arusha Region had a population of 1,694,310.<ref name="2012 Census"/>
The region is inhabited by various ethnolinguistic groups and communities. Among these are the [[MaasaiIraqw people|MaasaiIraqw]], [[Arusha (ethnic group)|Arusha]], [[Kisankasa]], [[Koningo]], [[AkieMaasai people|Akie]], [[Hadza people|HadzaMaasai]], [[Wameru]], [[Rwa]], [[Mbugwe people|Mbugwe]], [[Sonjo people|Sonjo]], and [[Iraqw people|Iraqw]].{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
[[Sonjo people|Sonjo]], [[Chaga people|Chagga]], [[Pare people|Pare]], and Nguu.<ref>[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/Arusha.pdf "Arusha Region Socio-Economic Profile", United Republic of Tanzania, joint publication of the Planning Commission Dar es Salaam and Regional Commissioner's Office Arusha, April 1998, page 3]</ref>
== Culture and cuisine ==
[[Nyama Choma]], northern Tanzanian barbecue, is a popular dish among some communities in the Arusha Region, particularly the MasaiMaasai.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} Nyama Choma is properly served with a side of [[Pili Pili]] sauce and cold local beer or soda.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
[[File:ArushaLunch.jpg|thumb|Arusha cuisine]]
==Administration==
===Districts===
Arusha Region is divided into sixseven [[Districts of Tanzania|districts]].
{| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; background:#f9f9f9; border:1px #aaa solid; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:95%;"
|- style="background:#e9e9e9"
! colspan="7" | {{Tnavbar-header| [[Districts of Tanzania|Districts]] of Arusha Region | Districts of Arusha Region}}
|- style="background:#EEEEEE; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 20em" | Map
! style="width: 15em" | District
! style="width: 10em" | Population <br>(20022012 national census)
! style="width: 15em10em" | Capital
! style="width: 10em" | Area km²
|-
| [[Arumeru District|Arumeru District Council]]▼
| rowspan=7 | [[File:Arusha2.GIF|225px|center|Districts of Arusha]]
| align="right" | 514268,651144▼
▲| [[Arumeru District|Arumeru]]
▲| align="right" | 514,651
| align="right" | [[Akheri]]
| align="right" | 2,896▼
|-
| [[Arusha District|Arusha City Council]]
| align="right" | 281416,608442
| align="right" | [[Arusha]]
|-
| [[Arusha District|Arusha District Council]]
▲| align="right" | 2323,896198
| align="right" | [[Arusha]]
▲| align="right" | 93
|-
| [[Karatu District|Karatu District Council]]
| align="right" | 177230,951166
| align="right" | [[Karatu]]
| align="right" | 3,300
|-
| [[Longido District|Longido District Council]]
| align="right" | 74123,074153
| align="right" | [[Longido]]
| align="right" | 7,782
|-
| [[Monduli District|Monduli District Council]]
| align="right" | 110 158,442929
| align="right" | [[Monduli]]
| align="right" | 6,419
|-
| [[Ngorongoro District|Ngorongoro District Council]]
| align="right" | 129174,362278
| align="right" | [[Loliondo]]
| align="right" | 14,036
|-
| align="right" | '''Total'''
| align="right" | '''1,288694,088310'''
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''34,526'''
|-
| colspan="6" | Source: [http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf Population Distribution by Administrative Units, United Republic of Tanzania, 2013, page 26]
| colspan="6" | Source: [http://www.arusha.go.tz/ Arusha Region]
|}
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{{Main|Transport in Tanzania}}
===Roads===
The Arusha Region has four main paved highways and two airports.
[[File:Arusha-Airport-2012.JPG|thumb|Arusha Airport circa 2012]]▼
The firstA-23 highwayArusha-[[Himo, runsTanzania|Himo]] intoroad theruns regioneast-west and fromenters the eastregion near [[Kilimanjaro International Airport]]. It runsconnects east-westArusha through thewith [[ArushaMoshi, Tanzania|city of ArushaMoshi]], and then curvesHimo northwardat aroundthe [[MtKenyan border. Meru]]This androads continuesends onat toits [[Nairobi]].junction Itwith isthe commonlyA-104 calledroad in the Nairobicenter roadof Arusha.
[[File:Lake Duluti.jpg|thumb|left|Lake Duluti]](Onuko:2010)▼
The second begins in the city of Arusha and goes west, through [[Kisongo]] and [[Meserani]] and past [[Monduli]]. After about 50 miles near [[Mto wa Mbu]], the road begins curving southward to the east of [[Lake Manyara]] and continues on to [[Babati]] and [[Dodoma]]. It is commonly called the Dodoma road.
The A-104 runs northward, to the west of [[Mount Meru]], from Arusha to [[Longido]] and [[Namanga]] at the Kenyan border before continuing to [[Nairobi]]. The A-104 also runs westward past [[Monduli]] to its junction at [[Makuyuni]] with the B-144 road that leads to [[Mto wa Mbu]] and the [[Ngorongoro Conservation Area]]. After that, the A-104 curves southward to the east of [[Lake Manyara]] and continues on to [[Babati]] and [[Dodoma]].
The third is a sealed highway from the Dodoma road near Mto wa Mbu to the [[Ngorongoro Conservation Area]]. It accommodates many tourists and passes through Mto wa Mbu and [[Karatu]] before ascending to the rim of Ngorongoro Crater.
Most overland travel is done by bus from the city of Arusha. Within the city and smaller towns, privately owned and operated Dala''dala-dalas'' ([[Minibus|mini-buses]]) are used.▼
Arusha Region is landlocked and there are no navigable rivers. The larger lakes in the Rift Valley are not used for transportation. The region is home to [[Lake Eyasi]], [[Lake Natron]], [[Lake Duluti]], [[Lake Empakaai]], and the Momella lakes.▼
▲[[File:Lake Duluti.jpg|thumb|Lake Duluti]](Onuko:2010)
===Waterways===
Arusha Region is home to the Kilimanjaro International Airport, which serves the cities of [[Moshi, Tanzania|Moshi]] and Arusha and is the largest airport in northern Tanzania. Its international carriers are [[Condor Flugdienst]], [[Edelweiss Air]], [[Ethiopian Airlines]], [[Fly540]], [[Kenya Airways]], [[KLM]], [[Precision Air]], [[Qatar Airways]], [[RwandAir]], [[Safarilink Aviation]], and [[Turkish Airlines]].▼
▲ArushaThe Regionregion is landlocked, and there are no navigable rivers. The larger lakes in the Rift Valley are not used for transportation. The region is home to [[Lake Eyasi]], [[Lake Natron]], [[Lake Duluti]], [[Lake Empakaai]], and the Momella lakes.
▲Most overland travel is done by bus from the city of Arusha. Within the city and smaller towns, privately owned and operated Dala-dalas ([[Minibus|mini-buses]]) are used.
▲[[File:Arusha-Airport-2012.JPG|thumb|Arusha Airport circa 2012]]
The road referred to as Nairobi Road is Arusha-Moshi Road. The Nairobi Road is the one that passes through Ngarenaro, eventually joining the Arusha-Moshi road. They then join and continue with one name 'Nairobi Road' as they head towards Sakina, Azimio, Ngaramtoni and eventually Nairobi.
===Airports===
The Dodoma Road ceased to be in the 1980s when Tanzania lost its then Prime Minister, [[Edward Moringe Sokoine]]. The road was renamed Sokoine Road in his honour as it leads to his home village.
▲Arusha Region is home to the Kilimanjaro International Airport, which serves the cities of [[Moshi, Tanzania|Moshi]] and Arusha and is the largest airport in northern Tanzania. Its international carriers are [[Airkenya Express]], [[Air Uganda]], [[Condor Flugdienst]], [[Edelweiss Air]], [[Ethiopian Airlines]], [[Fly540]], [[Kenya Airways]], [[KLM]], [[Precision Air]], [[Qatar Airways]], [[RwandAir]], [[Safarilink Aviation]], and [[Turkish Airlines]].
==Famous people==▼
▲==FamousNotable people==
<!-- Please note: Only add people here who have a Wikipedia article. See talk page. -->
* [[Filbert Bayi]] grew up in the Arusha Region.
* [[Edward Sokoine]] Tanzania's second prime minister
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==Regional commissioners==
The chief administrative officer of the region is the Arusha Regionalregional Commissionercommissioner. Those who have served as regional commissioners for Arushathis Regionregion are:<ref>{{Cite news | author=Nkwame, Valentine Marc | date=9–15 December 2006 | title=Njoolay longest serving RC in Arusha: 17 RCs have served Arusha in 45 years | newspaper=The Arusha Times | number=449 | url=http://www.arushatimes.co.tz/2006/49/local_news_4.htm}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" border="1"
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!style="background-color:#cccccc;" align="center" |Name!!From !! To !! Comments
|-
| [[Edward Barongo]] || 1962 || 1962 || first after independence
|-
| [[Peter Walwa]] || 1962 || 1963 ||
|-
| [[Samuel Chamshama]] || 1963 || 1964 || first after union with Zanzibar
|-
| [[John Mhaville]] || 1964 || 1964 || second term
|-
| [[Wazir Juma]] || 1964 || 1968 ||
|-
| [[Aaron Mwakangata]] || 1968 || 1973 ||
|-
| [[Abdulanur Suleiman]] || 1973 || 1978 ||
|-
| [[Peter Siyovelwa]] || 1978 || 1981 ||
|-
| [[John Mhaville]] || 1981 || 1982 ||
|-
| [[Charles Kileo]] || 1983 || 1985 ||
|-
| [[Christopher Liundi]] || 1985 || 1987 ||
|-
| [[Augustine Mwingira]] || 1987 || 1990 ||
|-
| [[Anatoly Tarimo]] || 1990 || 1992 ||
|-
| Dr. [[Ahmed Kiwanuka]] || 1992 || 1995 ||
|-
| [[Daniel Ole Njoolay]] || 1995 || 2003 || longest serving commissioner
|-
| [[Mohammed Babu]] || 2003 || 2006 ||
|-
| [[Abbas Kandoro]] || 2006 || 2006 || less than six months
|-
| Col. [[Samuel Ndomba]] || 2006 || 2007 || <ref>Col. Samuel Ndomba was reassigned to military duties in Dar es Salaam. {{Cite news | author=Selasini, Edward | title=Zanzibar legislators visit Wazee Club | date=1–7 September 2007 | newspaper=The Arusha Times | number=484 | url=http://www.arushatimes.co.tz/2007/34/sports_5.htm}}</ref>
|-
| [[Isidore Leka Shirima]] || 2007 || 2011 || <ref>{{Cite news | author=Staff reporter | title=Shirima at the helm of Arusha region | date=1–7 September 2007 | newspaper=The Arusha Times |number=484 | url=http://www.arushatimes.co.tz/2007/34/local_news_3.htm}}</ref>
|-
| [[Magesa Stanslaus Mulongo]] || 2011 || date ||<ref>{{Cite news | author=Arusha Times Correspondent | title=RC guarantees order and tranquility | date=17 December 2011–13 January 2012 | newspaper=The Arusha Times | number=695 | url=http://www.arushatimes.co.tz/2011/46/society_1.html}}</ref><ref>[http://http://www.utumishi.go.tz/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=335&Itemid=173, Kitabu cha Mawasiliano Serikalini, Tanzania Government Directory, 2012, page 154]</ref>
|}
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* [[Arusha Cultural Heritage Centre]]
* [[Arusha Declaration]]
* [[Selian|Selian River]]
==References==
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==External links==
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=TZ&seq=20 Language maps for eastern Tanzania]
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/sites/default/files/styles/original/public/maps/17/TZ_rgb.png?itok=MeLXjkaL Language map for Tanzania]
{{Districts of Arusha}}
{{Regions of Tanzania}}