Ascomycota: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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'''Ascomycota''' is a [[phylum]] of the kingdom [[Fungi]] that, together with the [[Basidiomycota]], forms the subkingdom [[Dikarya]]. Its members are commonly known as the '''sac fungi''' or '''ascomycetes'''. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 [[species]].<ref>Kirk ''et al''., p. 55.</ref> The defining feature of this fungal group is the "[[ascus]]" (from [[Greek language{{etymology|Greek]]: grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|ἀσκός}} (''askos'' ({{grc-transl|ἀσκός}})|sac, meaning "sac" or "wineskin"}}), a microscopic [[Sexualsexual reproduction|sexual structure]] in which nonmotile [[spore]]s, called [[ascospore]]s, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are [[Teleomorphteleomorph, anamorph and holomorph|asexual]], meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include [[Morchella|morel]]s, [[truffle]]s, [[yeast#Beer|brewer's yeast]] and [[baker's yeast]], [[Xylaria|dead man's fingers]], and [[Pezizaceae|cup fungi]]. The fungal [[symbiosis|symbiont]]s in the majority of [[lichen]]s (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as ''[[Cladonia]]'' belong to the Ascomycota.

Ascomycota is a [[monophyly|monophyletic]] group (it contains all descendants of one common ancestor). Previously placed in the [[Deuteromycota]] along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or [[Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph|anamorph]]ic) ascomycetes are now identified and classified based on [[morphology (biology)|morphological]] or [[physiological]] similarities to ascus-bearing [[Taxon|taxa]], and by [[phylogenetic]] analyses of [[DNA]] sequences.<ref name=Lutzoni_2004>{{cite journal|author=Lutzoni F|title= Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits|journal=American Journal of Botany|year=2004|pages=1446–80|volume=91|doi=10.3732/ajb.91.10.1446|issue=10|pmid=21652303|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=James_2006>{{cite journal|author=James TY|s2cid=4302864|title=Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny|journal=Nature|year=2006|pages=818–22|volume=443|pmid=17051209|doi=10.1038/nature05110|issue=7113|display-authors=etal|bibcode=2006Natur.443..818J}}</ref>