Asian fetish: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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Line 46: == Research on racial preferences ==
In 2007, a study using a sample of 400 [[Columbia University]] students did not find evidence of a preference among White men for women of East Asian descent. The study implied that most people preferred to date within their own race. However, the study also noted that 47% of all hookups were inter-racial, with the majority being White male-Asian female pairings.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fisman |first1=Raymond |last2=Iyengar |first2=Sheena S. |last3=Kamenica |first3=Emir |last4=Simonson |first4=Itamar |title=Racial Preferences in Dating |journal=The Review of Economic Studies |date=2008 |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=117–132 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-937X.2007.00465.x |jstor=4626190 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4626190 |issn=0034-6527}} "Recall, however, that even though the race of the partner strongly influences individual decisions, 47% of all matches in our data are inter-racial."</ref> This was attributed to the preference neutrality of the Asian women who participated. According to Matthew Johnson, the participants in this study consistently made decisions that contradicted their stated preferences.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Matthew D. |title=Great Myths of Intimate Relationships: Dating, Sex, and Marriage |date=7 April 2016 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-52131-1 |page=73 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSPwCwAAQBAJ&dq=%22iyengar%22+%22fisman%22+preferences&pg=PT73 |language=en}}</ref>
A 2013 study, which used a sample of 2.4 million online interactions, found that Black, White, and Hispanic men preferred Asian women.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mason |first1=Corinne Lysandra |title=Tinder and humanitarian hook-ups: the erotics of social media racism |journal=Feminist Media Studies |date=2 September 2016 |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=822–837 |doi=10.1080/14680777.2015.1137339 |s2cid=148072618 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14680777.2015.1137339 |issn=1468-0777}} "Like Tinder, users of Facebook’s 'Are You Interested' 'swipe' photos of prospective matches in a 'Hot or Not Fashion'. data from 2.4 million interactions on the Facebook dating application revealed that men self-identifying as black, white, Latino preferred Asian women. Self-identified Asian, white, Latina women preferred white men (Ritchie King 2013; Stout 2013)."</ref> A 2018 study using a sample of 187,000 dating app users in the US found that Asian women were the most desired group of women.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nedelman |first1=Michael |title=Online dating study: Are you chasing people 'out of your league'? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/08/health/online-dating-out-of-league-desirability-study/index.html |work=CNN |date=8 August 2018 |language=en}} "Race plays heavily into the results, with Asian women and white men being the most sought after overall."</ref>▼ ▲A 2018 study using a sample of 187,000 In 2012, an experiment conducted in England found that Asian women were rated as more attractive than White and Black women.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} It was proposed that because Asian women's features are perceived as more [[Feminine beauty ideal|feminine]], they are considered more attractive than other women{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}, which explains the high rate of interracial marriages between Asian women and White men{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}. A 2018 experiment conducted in Australia supported these findings,{{Dubious|Poor quality of information|date=September 2024}} as both Asian and Australian participants perceived Asian women's features as more feminine than white women's.<ref name="Stephen Salter Tan Tan 2018 pp. 442–449">{{cite journal | last1=Stephen | first1=Ian D. | last2=Salter | first2=Darby L. H. | last3=Tan | first3=Kok Wei | last4=Tan | first4=Chrystalle B. Y. | last5=Stevenson | first5=Richard J. | title=Sexual dimorphism and attractiveness in Asian and White faces | journal=Visual Cognition | volume=26 | issue=6 | date=3 July 2018 | issn=1350-6285 | doi=10.1080/13506285.2018.1475437 | pages=442–449 | quote= "The perception that White faces are more masculine than Asian faces provides support for Lewis’ (2012) hypothesis that interracial marriage can be explained by differences in sexual dimorphism and thus advances our understanding of the gender asymmetries in interracial marriage."}}</ref>▼ ▲In 2012, an experiment conducted in England found that Asian women were rated as more attractive than White and Black women.
This research is consistent with the hyper-sexualization of Asian women, which explains the Asian fetish, the high outmarriage rate of Asian women, their increased sexual capital relative to Asian men, and their ranking at the top of the hierarchy of female attractiveness.<ref>{{harvnb|Zheng|2016|p=406|ps=: "It is this double feminization that increases the sexual capital of Asian women but not that of Asian men, a fact perfectly borne out in the oft-noted greater number of relationships between Asian women and White men compared to the number of Asian men in relationships with White women (e.g., Feliciano, Robnett, and Komaie 2009), in attractiveness ratings that rank Asians highest among women but lowest among men (Lewis 2012), and in the greater representation of Asian women compared to Asian men in popular media (Schug et al. 2015). This cross-disciplinary body of work supports the claim that it would be utterly unrealistic to deny that lengthy exposure to a culture historically saturated with sexualized stereotypes of Asian women contributes to an individual’s sexually preferring them, even if that contribution is not obvious or accessible to introspection."}}</ref>
According to research published by the [[University of South Carolina]] in 2020, male and female participants rated Asian women as more attractive than White women.<ref>{{harvnb|Yang|2020|ps=: "Attractiveness ratings were higher for Asian females (M = 4.24; SD =1.88) relative to White females (M = 4.17; SD =1.76), but lower for Asian males (M = 3.06; SD = 1.68) relative to White males (M = 3.50; SD = 1.65). Together with results from masculinity ratings, these data imply that ratings of attractiveness might be dependent on phenotypic prototypes of masculine and feminine traits. The attractiveness of sexually dimorphic faces may cue characteristics important in mate choice such as health or dominance. (See Rhodes, 2006, for review.)"}}</ref> This experiment [[Reproducibility|replicated]] prior studies which found that Asian women's features are perceived as more feminine than White women's.<ref>{{harvnb|Yang|2020|ps=:"This thesis is a replication and extension of prior studies that found that Asian men and women were perceived as more feminine than their European counterparts (Wilkins, Chan & Kaiser, 2011)."}}</ref> It was proposed that the higher femininity ratings for Asian women would be beneficial for Asian women's [[sexual capital]].<ref>{{harvnb|Yang|2020|ps=: "Previous studies suggest that Asian faces as a group, regardless of biological sex, were judged as more feminine than masculine relative to a prototypical face. In addition, masculinity ratings were lower for faces in the experimental sample if they closely resembled the prototypical Asian face (Wilkins, Chan & Kaiser, 2011), a face with small eyes and fuller cheeks (Mok, 1999). In the study by Wilkins, Chan and Kaiser (2011), participants...found that Asians were rated as the least masculine racial group and the most feminine racial group. In other words, looking Asian was related to looking more feminine, which although likely beneficial for Asian women, could potentially be detrimental to the viewer perception of masculinity of Asian males."}}</ref> == Psychological effects of fetishization == | |||