Ayaan Hirsi Ali: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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'''Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Lady Ferguson'''{{efn|English: ({{IPAc-en|ɑː|ˈ|j|ɑː|n|_|ˈ|h|ɪər|s|i|_|ˈ|ɑː|l|i}}; {{respell|ah|YAHN|_|HEER|see|_|AH|lee}}, {{IPA|nl|aːˈjaːn ˈɦiːrsi ˈaːli|lang|Nl-Ayaan Hirsi Ali.ogg|small=no}}; [[Somali language|Somali]]: ''Ayaan Xirsi Cali'':'' Ayān Ḥirsi 'Alī'' ;{{efn|{{lang-so|Ayaan Xirsi Cali}} {{IPA|so|ajaːn ħirsi ʕaliː|}} ; {{lang-ar|أيان حرسي علي}}, / [[{{ALA-LC]]: ''|ar|Ayān Ḥirsī 'Alī'' ʻAlī}}.}} (born 13 November 1969)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ayaan-Hirsi-Ali|title=Ayaan Hirsi Ali|encyclopedia=Britannica|access-date=1 January 2018}}</ref> is a [[Somalia|Somali]]-born Dutch-American writer, activist and former politician.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Anne |last=Applebaum |authorlink=Anne Applebaum|date=February 4, 2007 |title=The Fight for Muslim Women A feisty memoir from a controversial champion of female rights. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/2007/02/04/the-fight-for-muslim-women-span-classbankheada-feisty-memoir-from-a-controversial-champion-of-female-rightsspan/064381da-6fb0-4e29-8552-1e6f8b117bb4/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ayaan Hirsi Ali on Q&A: the west must stop seeing Muslims only as victims|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/17/ayaan-hirsi-ali-qanda-west-muslims-only-as-victims|access-date=1 December 2016|work=The Guardian|date=16 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ayaan Hirsi Ali's 'Heretic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/05/books/review/ayaan-hirsi-alis-heretic.html|access-date=1 December 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1 April 2015}}</ref> She is a [[critic of Islam]] and advocate for the rights and self-determination of [[Muslim women]], opposing [[forced marriage]], [[honour killing]], [[child marriage]], and [[female genital mutilation]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Ayaan Hirsi Ali: "You can't change these practices if you don't talk about them"|url=http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2016/04/10/women-in-islam-you-cant-change-these-practices-if-you-dont-talk-about-them/|access-date=24 February 2017|work=The New York Times|date=24 February 2017}}</ref> At the age of five, following local traditions in Somalia, Ali underwent female genital mutilation organized by her grandmother. Her father—a scholar, intellectual, and a devout Muslim—was against the procedure but could not stop it from happening because he was imprisoned by the Communist government of Somalia at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-03-18 |title=Ayaan Hirsi Ali: 'FGM was done to me at the age of five. Ten years |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/ayaan-hirsi-ali-fgm-was-done-to-me-at-the-age-of-five-ten-years-later-even-20-i-would-not-have-testified-against-my-parents-8534299.html |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Evening Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Lynn |date=2010-06-03 |title=Female genital mutilation in the U.S.: No compromise |url=https://www.salon.com/2010/06/02/fgm_genital_nick/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Salon |language=en}}</ref> Her family moved across various countries in Africa and the Middle East, and at 23, she received [[Right of asylum|political asylum]] in the Netherlands, gaining Dutch citizenship five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Somalia-born critic of Islam admits lying to gain asylum |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/somalia-born-critic-of-islam-admits-lying-to-gain-asylum-1.1003537 |access-date=2023-12-07 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> In her early 30s, Hirsi Ali renounced the Islamic faith of her childhood, began identifying as an atheist, and became involved in Dutch centre-right politics, joining the [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy]] (VVD).<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Sarah |date=2023-11-29 |title=The Infidel Turned Christian |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2023/11/ayaan-hirsi-alis-political-conversion.html |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=Intelligencer |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-13 |title=Outspoken Atheist Ayaan Hirsi Ali Says She is Now a Christian |url=https://www.ncregister.com/cna/outspoken-atheist-ayaan-hirsi-ali-says-she-is-now-a-christian |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=NCR |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch MP quits over asylum lies |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2006/5/16/dutch-mp-quits-over-asylum-lies |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>

In 2003, Ali was elected to the [[lower house]] of the [[States General of the Netherlands]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anderson |first=John Ward |date=17 May 2006 |title=Discredited Somali Quits Dutch Politics Advocate for Women Is Critic of Islam |work=[[Washington Times]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2006/05/17/discredited-somali-quits-dutch-politics-span-classbankheadadvocate-for-women-is-critic-of-islamspan/c91f33ce-816a-44c4-9b98-ee414374cce3/}}</ref> While serving in parliament, she collaborated on a short film with [[Theo van Gogh (film director)|Theo van Gogh]], titled ''[[Submission (2004 film)|Submission]]'', which depicted the oppression of women under [[fundamentalist Islamic]] law and was critical of the Muslim canon itself.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2005-03-11 |title=Slaughter And 'Submission' – CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/slaughter-and-submission-11-03-2005/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The film led to death threats, and Van Gogh was murdered shortly after the film's release by [[Mohammed Bouyeri]], a Moroccan-Dutch [[Islamic terrorist]], driving Hirsi Ali into hiding.<ref name=":13" /> At this time, she became more outspoken as a critic of the Muslim faith. In 2005, [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']] magazine named Ali as one of the [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]].<ref name="time" /> Her outspoken criticism of Islam made her a controversial figure in Dutch politics. Following a political crisis related to the validity of her [[Dutch nationality law|Dutch citizenship]], she left Parliament and ultimately the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Controversy Over Dutch Politician Divides The Netherlands – DW – 05/17/2006 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/controversy-over-dutch-politician-divides-the-netherlands/a-2024244 |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=2017-06-06 |title=Ayaan Hirsi Ali: Tackle Islam or face civil war |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/ayaan-hirsi-ali-tackle-islam-or-face-civil-war/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Politico |language=en}}</ref>

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== Personal life ==

Hirsi Ali married British–American historian [[Niall Ferguson]] on 10 September 2011.<ref>{{cite news |last=Allen-Mills |first=Tony |date=9 May 2010 |title=In love&nbsp;... and on an Islamist death list |newspaper=[[The Sunday Times]] |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/non-fiction/article7120478.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624091538/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/non-fiction/article7120478.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 June 2011 |access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Murray |first=Douglas |author-link= |date=October 2011 |title=Right Wedding |newspaper=[[Standpoint (magazine)|Standpoint]] |url=http://www.standpointmag.co.uk/node/4135/full |url-status=dead |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507221743/http://www.standpointmag.co.uk/node/4135/full |archive-date=7 May 2018}}</ref> They have two sons.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Valk |first1=Guus |last2=Theirlynck |first2=Tristan |date=18 February 2021 |title=Ayaan Hirsi Ali: 'Europese landen spelen spelletjes met hun eigen bevolking' |newspaper=[[NRC Handelsblad]] |url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2021/02/18/ayaan-hirsi-ali-europese-landen-spelen-spelletjes-met-hun-eigen-bevolking-a4032358}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Noorloos |first=Jorieke |date=17 February 2021 |title=Ayaan Hirsi Ali over haar leven in Amerika én haar nieuwe boek |url=https://www.linda.nl/persoonlijk/ayaan-hirsi-ali-amerika-nieuwe-boek-moederschap/ |access-date= |website=Linda |language=nl}}</ref>

In 2023, Hirsi Ali announced that she had become a Christian.<ref>Dissident Dialogues on "YouTube", "'Theological BULLSH*T!' Richard Dawkins Challenges Ayaan Hirsi Ali's New-Found Christianity"(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbjHyz_7fCg, accessed 3 June 2024).</ref><ref>Ali, Ayaan Hirsi (11 November 2023). "Why I am now a Christian". UnHerd. (https://unherd.com/2023/11/why-i-am-now-a-christian/, accessed 24 July 2024).</ref>