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{{Main Article|Gunpowder weapons in the Bahmani Sultanate }}

{{See also|History of the firearm#South Asia}}

The Bahmani Sultanate was likely the first state to invent and utilize [[gunpowder artillery]] and [[firearms]] within the [[Indian Subcontinent]]. Their firearms were the most advanced of their time, surpassing even those of the [[Yuan Dynasty]] and the [[Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt]]. The first recorded use of firearms in South Asia was at the Battle of Adoni in 1368, where the Bahmani Sultanate led by [[Mohammed Shah I]] used a train of artillery against the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] who was led by Emperor [[Harihara II]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Jagjit|title=Artillery: The Battle-Winning Arm|date=2006|publisher=Lancer Publishers, New Delhi|isbn= 978-8176021807}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official Home Page of the Indian Army |url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=www.indianarmy.nic.in |archive-date=2017-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626223336/https://indianarmy.nic.in/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the initial use of gunpowder weapons in 1368, they became the backbone of the Bahmani army.{{sfn|Khan|1981|p=155}}

The scholar Iqtidar Alam Khan claims, however, that based on a differing translation of a passage of medieval historian [[Ferishta|Ferishta']]s text ''Tarikh-i Firishta'', in which he describes early use of gunpowder weapons in the Indian Subcontinet, it can be inferred that both the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and non-Muslim Indian states had the gunpowder weapons that the Bahmani Sultanate began to use in 1368, and that the Bahmanis had acquired the weapons from the Delhi Sultanate.{{sfn|Khan|1981|p=157}} Contemporary evidence shows the presence of gunpowder for [[pyrotechnics|pyrotechnic]] uses in the Delhi Sultanate,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Kaushik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dSVnAwAAQBAJ&dq=bahmani+sultanate+cannons&pg=PA21 |title=Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400-1750: Cavalry, Guns, Government and Ships |date=2014-05-22 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-78093-813-4 |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref> and Alam Khan states that their usage in the Battle of Adoni in 1368 was rather the first military usage of gunpowder-derived objects in the Subcontinent.{{sfn|Khan|1981|p=164}}