Bahmani Kingdom: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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The '''Bahmani Sultanate''' ({{lang-persian|{{nq|سلطان‌نشین بهمنی}}}}) was a [[late medieval]] empire that ruled the [[Deccan Plateau]] in [[India]]. The first independent Muslim kingdom of the Deccan,<ref name="Ansari">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bahmanid-dynasty-a-dynasty-founded-in-748-1347-in-the-deccan-sanskrit-daksia-lit|last=Ansari|first=N.H.|title=Bahmanid Dynasty|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica}}</ref> the Bahmani Sultanate came to power in 1347 during the [[rebellion of Ismail Mukh]] against [[Muhammad bin Tughlaq]], the [[Sultan of Delhi|Sultan]] of the [[Tughlaq dynasty]] of [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi]]. Ismail Mukh then abdicated in favour of [[Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah|Zafar Khan]], who would establish the Bahmani Sultanate.

The Bahmani Sultanate was in perpetual war with its neighborsneighbours, including its rival to the south, the [[Vijayanagara Empire]], which would outlast the Sultanate.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIzreCGlHxIC&q=bahmani+vijayanagar+war&pg=PT597 |title= Dictionary of Wars |author= George C. Kohn |year= 2006 |publisher= Infobase Publishing |isbn= 9781438129167 }}</ref> The Bahmani Sultans also patronized architectural works. The [[Mahmud Gawan Madrasa]] was created by [[Mahmud Gawan]], the vizier regent who was Prime minister of the Sultanate from 1466 until his execution in 1481 during a conflict between the foreign (Afaqis) and local (Deccanis) nobility. The [[Bidar Fort]] was constructed by [[Ahmad Shah I Wali|Ahmad Shah I]] ({{ruled|1422|36}}), who relocated the capital to the city of [[Bidar]]. Ahmad Shah would lead campaigns against Vijayanagar and the Sultanates of [[Malwa Sultanate|Malwa]] and [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]]. His campaign against Vijayanagar in 1423 would lead to their capital's [[Siege of Vijayanagar|siege]], which would result in the expansion of the Sultanate. Mahmud Gawan would later lead campaigns during his rule against Malwa, Vijayanagar, and the [[Gajapati Empire|Gajapatis]], and would extend the Sultanate to its maximum extent.

The Sultanate would begin its decline under the reign of [[Mahmood Shah Bahmani II|Mahmood Shah]]. Through a combination of factional strife and the revolt of five provincial governors ([[taraf (subdivision)|taraf]]dars), the Bahmani Sultanate would split up into five states, known as the [[Deccan Sultanates]]. The initial revolts of [[Yusuf Adil Shah]], [[Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I]], and [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]] in 1490 and [[Qasim Barid I]] in 1492 would see the end of any real Bahmani power, and the last independent Sultanate, that of [[Sultanate of Golkonda|Golkonda]] in 1518, would end the Bahmani's 180 year rule over the [[Deccan]]. The last four Bahmani rulers would be puppet monarchs under [[Amir Barid I]] of the [[Bidar Sultanate]], and the kingdom formally dissolved in 1527.{{sfn|Haig, 1925|pp=425–426}}<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNtjIJmhoIkC&dq=absurd+hasan+gangu&pg=PA16 |title=History of The Deccan |page=15 |publisher=Mittal Publications |date=1990 }}</ref>