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Line 511: Some bats lead solitary lives, while others live in colonies of more than a million.{{sfn|Fenton|2001|pages=95–107}} For instance, the [[Mexican free-tailed bat]] fly for more than one thousand miles to the {{Convert|100|ft|m|adj=on}} wide cave known as [[Bracken Cave]] every March to October which plays home to an astonishing twenty million of the species,<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Many Species of Bats Are There? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/bat-species.html |access-date=21 September 2020 |website=WorldAtlas|date=14 March 2018 }}</ref> whereas a [[mouse-eared bat]] lives an almost completely solitary life.<ref>{{cite news |last=Barkham |first=Patrick |date=12 June 2018 |title=The last bat: the mystery of Britain's most solitary animal |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/jun/12/the-last-bat-the-mystery-of-britains-most-solitary-animal |access-date=21 September 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Living in large colonies lessens the risk to an individual of predation.<ref name="MacDonald"/> Temperate bat species may [[Swarm behaviour|swarm]] at hibernation sites as autumn approaches. This may serve to introduce young to hibernation sites, signal reproduction in adults and allow adults to breed with those from other groups.{{sfn|Fenton|Simmons|2015|pages=188–189}} Several species have a [[fission–fusion society|fission-fusion social structure]], where large numbers of bats congregate in one roosting area, along with breaking up and mixing of subgroups. Within these societies, bats are able to maintain long-term relationships.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kerth, G. |author2=Perony, N. |author3=Schweitzer, F. |year=2011 |title=Bats are able to maintain long-term social relationships despite the high fission–fusion dynamics of their groups |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=278 |issue=1719 |pages=2761–2767 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.2718|pmid=21307051 |pmc=3145188 }}</ref> Some of these relationships consist of [[matrilineal]]ly related females and their dependent offspring.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Fornůsková, A |author2=Petit, E. J. |author3=Bartonička, T. |author4=Kaňuch, P. |author5=Butet, A. |author6=Řehák, Z. |author7=Bryja, J. |year=2014 |title=Strong matrilineal structure in common pipistrelle bats (''Pipistrellus pipistrellus'') is associated with variability in echolocation calls |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=1115–1125 |doi=10.1111/bij.12381|doi-access=free }}</ref> Food sharing and [[mutual grooming]] may occur in certain species, such as the common vampire bat (''Desmodus rotundus''), and these strengthen social bonds.<ref name="Carter & Wilkinson 2013">{{cite journal |author1=Carter, G. G. |author2=Wilkinson, G. S. D. |year=2013 |title=Does food sharing in vampire bats demonstrate reciprocity? |journal=Communicative & Integrative Biology |volume=6|issue=6 |pmc=3913674 |pmid=24505498 |doi=10.4161/cib.25783 |pages=e25783}}</ref><ref name="Wilkinson 1986">{{cite journal |author=Wilkinson, G. S. |year=1986 |title=Social Grooming in the Common Vampire Bat, ''Desmodus rotundus'' |url=http://www.life.umd.edu/faculty/wilkinson/Wilk_AB86.pdf |journal=Anim. Behav. |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=1880–1889 |doi=10.1016/s0003-3472(86)80274-3|citeseerx=10.1.1.539.5104 |s2cid=11214563}}</ref> Homosexual fellatio has been observed in the Bonin ===Communication=== | |||