Blanchard's transsexualism typology: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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Previous taxonomies, or systems of categorization, used the terms "classic transsexual" or "true transsexual," terms once used in [[differential diagnosis|differential diagnoses]].<ref name="benjamin1966types">{{cite web|author=Benjamin H|year=1966|url=http://www.symposion.com/ijt/benjamin/chap_04.htm#Three%20different%20types%20of%20transsexuals|title="Three different types of transsexual" ''The Transsexual Phenomenon.''|publisher=Julian Press ASIN B0007HXA76}}</ref> In 1982, Kurt Freund reported evidence that there exist two types of cross-gender identity in male-to-female transsexuals<ref name="freund1982">Freund, K., Steiner, B. W., Chan, S. (1982). Two types of cross-gender identity. ''Archives of Sexual Behavior, 11,'' 49-63.</ref>, coined the term "homosexual transsexual" and hypothesized that gender dysphoria in "homosexual males" (male-to-female transsexuals attracted to men) is different from gender dysophoria in heterosexual males. His protege, Ray Blanchard notes that "Freund, perhaps for the first time of any author, employed a term other than '[[transvestism]]' to denote erotic arousal in association with cross-gender fantasy."<ref name = Blanchard2005>Blanchard, R. (2005). Early history of the concept of autogynephilia. ''Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34,'' 439–446.</ref>

Blanchard's observations at the Clarke Institute began with four types of male transsexuals based on their sexual orientation relative to their sex assigned at birth: homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual, and asexual (i.e., transsexuals attracted to men, women, both, or neither, respectively.)<ref name= Blanchard1985/> Blanchard conducted a series of studies of biological males with gender dysphoria, including male-to-female transsexuals, concluding that there exist two distinct types.<ref name="Blanchardetal1987" /><ref name = Blanchard1985>Blanchard, R. (1985). Typology of male-to-female transsexualism. ''Archives of Sexual Behavior, 14,'' 247-261.</ref><ref name="Blanchard1989">Blanchard, R. (1989). The concept of autogynephilia and the typology of male gender dysphoria]. ''The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 177'' 616-623.</ref> One type of gender dysphoria/transsexualism are those individuals who are exclusively attracted to men, whom Blanchard referred to as ''homosexual transsexuals'', adopting Freund's terminology<ref name=Blanchardetal1987/> The other group includes those who are attracted to females (gynephilic), attracted to both males and females (bisexual), and attracted to neither males nor females (''analloerotic'' or asexual); Blanchard referred to this latter set collectively as the ''non-homosexual transsexuals''.<ref name = Blanchard1989class>Blanchard, R. (1989). The classification and labeling of nonhomosexual gender dysphorias. ''Archives of Sexual Behavior, 18,'' 315-334.</ref><ref name = Blanchard1988>Blanchard, R. (1988). Nonhomosexual gender dysphoria. ''Journal of Sex Research, 24,'' 188-193.</ref> Blanchard claims that the non-homosexual transsexuals (but not the homosexual transsexuals) exhibit [[''autogynephilia]]'', a [[paraphilia|paraphilic]] interest in having female anatomy.<ref>Blanchard, R. (1989). The concept of autogynephilia and the typology of male gender dysphoria. ''Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 177,'' 616-623.</ref><ref>Blanchard, R. (1991). Clinical observations and systematic studies of autogynephilia. ''Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 17,'' 235-251.</ref><ref name="bailey2003">Bailey, J. M. (2003). ''The Man Who Would Be Queen: The Science of Gender-Bending and Transsexualism.'' Joseph Henry Press.</ref><ref>Rodkin, Dennis (Dec. 12, 2003). [http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/TS/Bailey/Reader/Chicago%20Reader.12-12-03.html#anchor172929 Sex and Transsexuals]. The Chicago Reader.</ref>

==Autogynephilia==