Boston Marathon bombing: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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| map = 2013 Boston Marathon bombings map.png
| map_size =
| map_caption = Bomb locations / marathon route
| location = [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]], U.S.
| date = {{start date and age|2013|4|15}}
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| type = [[Improvised explosive device|Bombings]], [[domestic terrorism]]<ref name="NYDN-5/15" />
| fatalities = 6 total:
* 3 from the initial bombing
* MIT Police Officer Sean Allen Collier on April 18
* Terrorist Tamerlan Tsarnaev on April 19
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* Krystle Campbell, 29, [[Medford, Massachusetts]]
| perp =
| perpetrators = * [[Dzhokhar Tsarnaev]] ([[Capitalstay punishmentof byexecution|under the United States federal government|sentencedstay toof deathexecution]])
* [[Tamerlan Tsarnaev]]
| perpetrator =
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}}
The '''Boston Marathon bombing''', sometimes referred to as just simply the '''Boston bombing''',<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-22 |title=Boston bombing: Tsarnaev's death sentence could be reinstated |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56482800 |access-date=2024-03-19}}</ref> was an [[Islamism|Islamist]] [[Domestic terrorism in the United States|domestic terrorist]] attack that took place during the annual [[Boston Marathon]] [[2013 Boston Marathon|on April 15, 2013]]. Brothers [[Tamerlan Tsarnaev|Tamerlan]] and [[Dzhokhar Tsarnaev]] planted two homemade [[pressure cooker bomb]]s that detonated near the finish line of the race 14 seconds and {{convert|210|yd|m}} apart. Three people were killed and hundreds injured, including 17 who lost their limbs.<ref name="NYDN-5/15" /><ref name="globe-number-injured" /><ref name="cnn-what-we-know" />
On April 18, 2013, the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) released images of two suspects in the bombing.<ref name="Clark Estes" /><ref name="AutoLC-4" /><ref name="AutoLC-5" /> The two suspects were later identified as the Tsarnaev brothers. Later on the evening of April 18, the Tsarnaev brothers killed an [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology Police Department#Shooting by Boston Marathon bombing suspects|MIT policeman]] (Sean Collier) and proceeded to commit a carjacking. They engaged in a shootout with police in nearby [[Watertown, Massachusetts|Watertown]] during which two officers were severely injured (one of the injured officers, Dennis Simmonds, died a year later). Tamerlan was shot several times, and his brother Dzhokhar ran him over while escaping in the stolen car. Tamerlan died soon thereafter.
An unprecedented manhuntsearch for Dzhokhar Tsarnaev ensued, with thousands of law enforcement officers searching a 20-block area of Watertown.<ref name="AutoLC-6" /> Residents of Watertown and surrounding communities were asked to stay indoors, and the transportation system and most businesses and public places closed.<ref name="AutoLC-7" /><ref name="AutoZ2-1" /> After a Watertown resident discovered Dzhokhar hiding in a boat in his backyard,<ref>"Two unnamed officials say Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, 19, did not have a gun when he was captured Friday in a Watertown, Mass. backyard. Boston Police Commissioner Ed Davis said earlier that shots were fired from inside the boat." The Associated Press Wednesday, April 24, 2013, 8:42 PM.</ref> Tsarnaev was shot and wounded by police before being taken into custody on the evening of April 19.<ref name="NY Times Standoff" /><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/03/04/us/tsarnaev-trial-timeline/index.html|title=Tsarnaev trial: Timeline of the bombings, manhunt and aftermath|first=Ann|last=O'Neill|date=March 4, 2015|website=CNN}}</ref>
During questioning, Dzhokhar said that he and his brother were motivated by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, that they were self-[[Radicalization|radicalized]] and unconnected to any outside terrorist groups, and that he was following his brother's lead. He said they learned to build explosive devices from the [[Inspire (magazine)|online magazine]] of [[al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula]].<ref name="AutoLC-8" /> He also said they had intended to travel to New York City to bomb [[Times Square]]. He was convicted of 30 charges, including use of a [[Weapon of mass destruction#Criminal (civilian) definition|weapon of mass destruction]] and malicious destruction of property resulting in death.<ref name="DOJ affidavit" /><ref name="AutoLC-9" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Dzhokhar Tsarnaev: Boston Marathon bomber found guilty|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-32225787|access-date=April 8, 2015|work=BBC News|date=April 8, 2015}}</ref>
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The airspace over Boston was restricted, and departures halted from Boston's [[Logan International Airport]].<ref name="AutoLC-35" /> Some local transit service was halted as well.<ref name="NBCNews" />
The [[Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency]] suggested that people trying to contact those in the vicinity use text messaging instead of voice calls because of the crowded cell phone lines.<ref name="NBCNews" /> Cell phone service in Boston was congested but remained in operation, despite some media reports stating that cell service was shut down to prevent cell phones from being used as detonators.<ref name="Sullivan" />
The [[American Red Cross]] helped concerned friends and family receive information about runners and casualties.<ref name="AutoLC-37" /><ref name="ARC" /> The [[Boston Police Department]] also set up a call helpline for people concerned about relatives or acquaintances to contact and a line for people to provide information.<ref name="AutoLC-38" /> [[Google Person Finder]] activated their disaster service under ''Boston Marathon Explosions'' to log known information about missing people as a publicly viewable file.<ref name="AutoLC-39" />
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| align = left
| image1 = 130415-G-VV362-801 (8660781824).jpg
| caption1 = [[U.S. Coast Guard]] patrolingpatrolling [[Boston Harbor]] hours after the attack
| alt1 =
| image2 = Marathon bombing response (Image 1 of 5) (8654458227).jpg
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The Federal Bureau of Investigation led the investigation, assisted by the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]], the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], the [[National Counterterrorism Center]], and the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]].<ref name="Hosenball" /> It was initially believed by some that [[North Korea]] was behind the attack.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/north-korea-blamed-for-boston-bombings-2013-4?IR=T|title=North Korea Adamantly Denies Conspiracy Theory Linking It to Boston Bombing|website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/north-korea-denies-any-link-boston-marathon-bombs-says-it-still-may-strike-us-1211721|title=North Korea Denies Any Link to Boston Marathon Bombs, but Says It Still May Strike US|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=April 24, 2013}}</ref>
United States government officials stated that there had been no intelligence reports suggestingsuggested such an attack. Representative [[Peter T. King|Peter King]], a member of the [[United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|House Intelligence Committee]], said: "I received two top secret briefings last week on the current threat levels in the United States, and there was no evidence of this at all."<ref name="AutoLC-46" />
Evidence found near the blast sites included bits of metal, nails, ball bearings,<ref name="McLaughlin" /> black nylon pieces from a backpack,<ref name="AutoLC-131" /> remains of an electronic circuit board, and wiring.<ref name="McLaughlin" /><ref name="Lister" /> A [[pressure cooker]] lid was found on a nearby rooftop.<ref name="AutoLC-49" /> Both of the [[improvised explosive device]]s were [[pressure cooker bomb]]s manufactured by the bombers.<ref name="abc-pressure-cooker" /><ref name="AutoLC-50" /><ref name="AutoLC-51" /> Authorities confirmed that the brothers used bomb-making instructions found in [[Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula]]'s ''[[Inspire (magazine)|Inspire]]'' magazine.<ref name="Auto9P-1" /><ref name="la-times-suspect-describes-plot" /> After the suspects were identified, ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' reported that Tamerlan purchased [[fireworks]] from a fireworks store in [[New Hampshire]].<ref name="AutoQU-2" />
{{multiple image
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{{Clear}}
== April 18–19 shootings and manhuntsearch ==
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Tsarnaev brothers shootings and manhuntsearch
| image = File:Two suspects wanted by the FBI for the bombing.jpg
| image_size = 250px
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The Tsarnaev brothers forced Meng to use his ATM cards to obtain $800 in cash (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|800|2013|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}).<ref name="AutoLC-60" /><ref name="WashPost04192013" /> They transferred objects to the Mercedes-Benz and one brother followed it in their Civic,<ref name="wsjdetails" /> for which an [[all-points bulletin]] was issued. The Tsarnaev brothers then drove to a [[Shell Oil Company|Shell]] gas station on Memorial Drive in Cambridge to fill up for the long drive to Times Square. While Dzhokhar went inside the Shell station to pay for food, Meng, fearing that the suspects would harm him during the drive, escaped from the Mercedes and ran across the street to a [[Mobil]] gas station, asking the clerk to call 911.<ref name="AutoLC-62" /><ref name="AutoZ2-11" /> His cell phone remained in the vehicle, allowing the police to [[Mobile phone tracking|focus their search]] on Watertown.<ref name="cnnpol" />
<!-- Map hidden pending its updating to reflect the actual, correct locations of where things happened. Hijacking of SUV did not happen in East Cambridge. -->
<!-- {{Wide image|Boston marathon event map.png|900px|Map of events related to the Boston Marathon bombing (1) and subsequent manhunt (times approximate)<br />2) April 18, 10:30{{nbsp}}p.m. – MIT police officer Sean Collier shot and killed<br />3) April 18, 11:00{{nbsp}}p.m. – SUV hijacked<br />4) April 18, shortly thereafter – SUV driver escaped unharmed<br />5) April 18, 11:18{{nbsp}}p.m. – Surveillance photos identify brothers at an ATM<br />6) April 19, 1:00{{nbsp}}a.m. – Gunfire opens up on Laurel St. in Watertown between police and suspects. Tamerlan Tsarnaev iswas critically injured in the incident and later reported dead. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev escapes<br />7) April 19, 7:00{{nbsp}}p.m. – More gunfire breaks out in Watertown, on Franklin St.; Dzhokhar is found hiding in a stored boat and taken into custody around 8:45{{nbsp}}p.m. EDT}} -->
=== Watertown shootout ===
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Records on the Honda left at the Watertown shootout scene identified the bombers<ref name="Honda Civic Evidence">{{cite web|url=http://investigations.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/05/01/17991679-green-honda-could-prove-crucial-if-tsarnaev-charged-in-mit-officers-killing?lite |title=Green Honda could prove crucial if Tsarnaev charged in MIT officer's killing – Investigations |publisher=Investigations.nbcnews.com |date=August 29, 2010 |access-date=July 24, 2013}}</ref> Tamerlan and Dzhokhar "Jahar" Tsarnaev.<ref name="Slate pronunciation" /><ref name="AtlanticWire04192013" /> The FBI released additional photos of the two during the Watertown incident.<ref name="Philippe Naughton" /> Early on April 19, investigators released the name and photo of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev to the public.<ref name="auto1"/> In addition, Watertown residents received automated calls asking them to stay indoors.<ref name="AutoLC-74" /> That same morning Governor Patrick asked residents of Watertown and adjacent cities and towns<ref>Boston, [[Belmont, Massachusetts|Belmont]], [[Brookline, Massachusetts|Brookline]], [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Newton, Massachusetts|Newton]], and [[Waltham, Massachusetts|Waltham]]</ref><ref name="AutoLC-75" /><ref name=cisomerville /> to "[[shelter in place]]".<ref name=nationRawlings /> [[Somerville, Massachusetts|Somerville]] residents also received automated calls instructing them to shelter in place.<ref name="AutoQU-4" />
A 20-block area of Watertown was [[Cordon and search|cordoned off]], and residents were told not to leave their homes or answer the door, as officers scoured the area in tactical gear. Helicopters circled the area and [[SWAT]] teams in armored vehicles moved through in formation, with officers going door to door and searching houses.<ref name="AutoLC-76" /> These actions generated discussions about the legality of searching large numbers of houses without a [[search warrant]], with ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stating that this kind of search is legal due to [[exigent circumstance]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=2013-04-22 |title=Boston's Door-to-Door Searches Weren't Illegal, Even Though They Looked Bad |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/04/boston-door-to-door-searches-legal/316042/ |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> Agencies on the scene were the FBI; the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives; Diplomatic Security Service; HSI-ICE; [[National Guard of the United States|the National Guard]]; the Boston, Cambridge, and Watertown Police departments; and the [[Massachusetts State Police]]. The show of force was the first major field test of the interagency task forces created in the wake of the [[September 11 attacks]].<ref name="AutoLC-77" />
The entire [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|public transit network]] and most Boston taxi services{{Efn|Taxi service was restored before the manhuntsearch ended and transit service resumed.<ref name="AutoQU-5" />}} were suspended, as was [[Amtrak]] service to and from Boston.<ref name="lowery" /><ref name="Logan and Taxis" /> [[Logan International Airport]] remained open under heightened security.<ref name="Logan and Taxis" /> Universities, schools, many businesses, and other facilities were closed as thousands of law enforcement personnel participated in the door-to-door manhuntsearch in Watertown. Others followed up on other leads, including searching the house that the brothers shared in Cambridge, where seven improvised explosive devices were found.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/04/20/17823265-we-got-him-boston-bombing-suspect-captured-alive|title='We got him!': Boston bombing suspect captured alive|last1=Williams|first1=Pete|last2=Esposito|first2=Richard|date=April 8, 2015|work=NBC News|access-date=April 8, 2015|last3=Isikoff|first3=Michael|last4=Connor|first4=Tracy}}</ref>
The brothers' father spoke from his home in [[Makhachkala, Dagestan]], encouraging Dzhokhar to: "Give up. You have a bright future ahead of you. Come home to Russia." He continued, "If they killed him, then all hell would break loose."<ref name="AutoLC-80" /> On television, Dzhokhar's uncle from [[Montgomery Village, Maryland]], pleaded with him to turn himself in.<ref name="AutoLC-81" />
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According to Boston Police Commissioner Ed Davis and Watertown Police Chief Deveau, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was shooting at police from inside the boat, "exchanging fire for an hour".<ref name="USA Today">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/04/19/suspect-in-custody-newspaper-says/2095845/ |access-date=April 20, 2013 |title=As manhunt ends, new questions emerge in Boston bombings |author=Johnson, Kevin |work=USA Today |date=April 20, 2013}}</ref> A subsequent report indicated that the firing lasted for a shorter time.<ref name="AutoLC-87" /> Despite this, Tsarnaev was found to have no weapon when he was captured.<ref name="AutoLC-87" />
Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was arrested at 8:42{{nbsp}}p.m.<ref name="autogenerated2" /><ref name="autogenerated1" /> and taken to [[Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center]], where he was listed in [[Medical state#Serious|critical condition]]<ref name="AutoLC-88" /> with gunshot wounds to the head, neck, legs, and hand.<ref name="AutoLC-89" /> Initial reports that the neck wound represented a suicide attempt were contradicted by Tsarnaev's being found unarmed.<ref name="AutoG4-2" /> The situation was chaotic, according to a police source quoted by ''[[The Washington Post]]'', and the firing of weapons occurred during "the fog of war".<ref name="AutoLC-87" /> A subsequent review by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts provided this more specific summary: "One officer fired his weapon without appropriate authority in response to perceived movement in the boat, and surrounding officers followed suit in a round of '[[contagious shooting|contagious fire]]', assuming theyTsarnaev werewas being firedfiring on by Tsarnaevthem. Weapons continued to be fired for several seconds until on -scene supervisors ordered a ceasefire and regained control of the scene. The unauthorized shots created another dangerous [[crossfire]] situation".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mass.gov/eopss/docs/mema/after-action-report-for-the-response-to-the-2013-boston-marathon-bombings.pdf |title=After Action Report for the Response to the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombings |date=December 2014 |website=Government of Massachusetts |publisher=Executive Office of Public Safety and Security |access-date=October 10, 2017 |quote=Improvement Area 4, Lack of Weapons Discipline, page 114}}</ref> The confusion was caused in part by a lack of clearly identified and coordinated law enforcement command of the thousands of officers from surrounding communities who self-deployed into the Watertown area during the events.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mass.gov/eopss/docs/mema/after-action-report-for-the-response-to-the-2013-boston-marathon-bombings.pdf |title=After Action Report for the Response to the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombings |date=December 2014 |website=Government of Massachusetts |publisher=Executive Office of Public Safety and Security |access-date=February 20, 2020 |quote=Improvement Areas 4.1 and 4.8, pages 113 & 117}}</ref>
After Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was taken into custody, the FBI revealed that it had investigated Tamerlan Tsarnaev in 2011 after the FSB, the Russian intelligence agency, had expressed concern about his potential radicalization. That investigation had included an interview ofwith Tamerlan Tsarnaev. At that time, the FBI found no evidence of terrorist involvement by Tamerlan Tsarnaev.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/news/pressrel/press-releases/2011-request-for-information-on-tamerlan-tsarnaev-from-foreign-government |title=2011 Request for Information on Tamerlan Tsarnaev from Foreign Government |website=archives.fbi.gov|date=April 19, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/boston-bombing-anniversary/russia-warned-u-s-about-tsarnaev-spelling-issue-let-him-n60836 | title=Russia Warned U.S. About Tsarnaev, but Spelling Issue Let Him Escape | website=[[NBC News]] | date=March 25, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=Russia warned U.S. about Boston Marathon bomb suspect Tsarnaev: report |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSBREA2P02R/ {{Bare URL inline|access-date=August 2024-09-10 |website=Reuters}}</ref>
On April 24, investigators reported that they had reconstructed the bombs, and believed that they had been triggered by remote controls used for toy cars.<ref name="la-times-bombs-triggered" />
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=== Charges and detention ===
[[File:Dzhokhar Tsarnayev (crop).jpg|140px|Dzhokhar Tsarnaev in a court holding cell on July 10, 2013| thumb]]
On April 22, 2013, formal criminal charges were brought against Tsarnaev in the [[United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts]] during a bedside hearing while he was hospitalized. He was charged with use of a [[weapon of mass destruction]] and with malicious destruction of property resulting in death.<ref name="DOJ affidavit" /> Some of the charges carried potential sentences of [[life imprisonment]] or the [[Capital punishment in the United States|death penalty]].<ref name="USC2332" /> Tsarnaev was judged to be awake, mentally competent, and lucid, and he responded to most questions by nodding. The judge asked him whether he was able to afford an attorney and he said no; he was represented by the [[Federal Public Defender's Office|Federal Public Defender]]'s office.<ref name="AutoLC-96" /> On April 26, Dzhohkar Tsarnaev was moved from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center to the [[Federal Medical Center, Devens|Federal Medical Center]] at [[Fort Devens]], about {{convert|40|mi|km}} from Boston. FMC Devens is a federal prison medical facility at a former Army base<ref name="AutoLC-97" /> where he was held in solitary confinement at a segregated housing unit<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57581768news/boston-bomb-suspect-in-small-cell-with-steel-door/ |title=Boston bomb suspect in small cell with steel door |work=CBS News |date=April 27, 2013 |access-date=May 17, 2013}}</ref> with 23-hour-per-day lockdown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.talkleft.com/story/2013/4/28/32151/9400/terrortrials/Dzhokhar-Tsarnaev-in-Solitary-at-Devens-Segregated-Housing-Unit |title=Dzhokhar Tsarnaev in Solitary at Devens' Segregated Housing Unit – TalkLeft: The Politics Of Crime |publisher=TalkLeft |date=April 28, 2013 |access-date=May 17, 2013}}</ref>
On July 10, 2013, Tsarnaev pleaded not guilty to 30 charges in his first public court appearance, including a murder charge for MIT police officer Sean Collier.<ref>{{cite news|url=httphttps://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2013/07/10/boston-marathon-bombing-courtsuspect-pleads-not-guilty-appearance1.html1335011|title=Boston Marathon bombing suspect pleads not guilty|date=July 10, 2013|work=cbc.ca|access-date=April 8, 2015}}</ref> He was back in court for a status hearing on September 23,<ref>[http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/local_coverage/2013/08/court_papers_say_dzhokhar_tsarnaev_had_fractured_skull_hand "Court papers say Dzhokhar Tsarnaev had fractured skull, hand after manhunt"] by Laurel J. Sweet, ''The Boston Herald''.</ref> and his lawyers requested more time to prepare their defense.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stanglin|first=Doug|title=Tsarnaev lawyers ask for more time|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/09/23/boston-bombing-dzhokhar-tsarnaev-death-penalty/2854293/|newspaper=USA Today|date=September 23, 2013 |access-date= April 11, 2015}}</ref> On October 2, Tsarnaev's attorneys asked the court to lift the [[special administrative measure]]s (SAMs) imposed by Attorney General Holder in August, saying that the measures had left Tsarnaev unduly isolated from communication with his family and lawyers, and that no evidence suggested that he posed a future threat.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tsarnaev lawyers want prison restrictions eased|first=Milton J.|last=Valencia|date=October 2, 2013|work=[[The Boston Globe]] | url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/10/02/dzhokhar-tsarnaev-prison-restrictions-should-eased-attorneys-argue/j14fAHkT50moW41NbxDDGM/story.html}}</ref>
=== Trial and sentencing ===
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On April 15, several people who were near the scene of the blast were taken into custody and questioned about the bombing, including a Saudi man whom police stopped as he was walking away from the explosion; they detained him when some of his responses made them uncomfortable.<ref name="AutoLC-120" /><ref name="AutoLC-121" /><ref name="Hunter" /><ref name="AutoLC-122" /> Law enforcement searched his residence in a Boston suburb, and the man was found to have no connection to the attack. An unnamed U.S. official said, "he was just at the wrong place at the wrong time".<ref name="Fox News1" /><ref name="CNN_FBI" /><ref name="AutoLC-123" />
On the night of April 18, two men who were riding in a taxi in the vicinity of the shootout were arrested and released shortly thereafterafter that when police determined that they were not involved in the Marathon attacks.<ref name="AutoLC-124" /> Another man was arrested several blocks from the site of the shootout and was forced to [[Strip search|strip naked]] by police who feared that he might have concealed explosives. He was released that evening after a brief investigation determined that he was an innocent bystander.<ref name="AutoLC-125" /><ref name="AutoLC-126" />
=== Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's roommates ===
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Dias Kadyrbayev, 19, and Azamat Tazhayakov, 20, were natives of [[Kazakhstan]] living in the U.S.<ref name="AutoLC-127" /><ref name="AutoQU-10" /> They were Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's roommates in an off-campus housing complex in [[New Bedford, Massachusetts]], where Tsarnaev had sometimes stayed.<ref name="businessinsider" />
Phillipos, Kadyrbayev, Tazhayakov, and Tsarnaev entered the [[University of Massachusetts Dartmouth]] in the fall of 2011 and knew each other well. After seeing photos of Tsarnaev on television, they traveled to his dorm room, where Kadyrbayev and Tazhayakov retrieved a backpack and laptop belonging to Tsarnaev, while Phillipos acted as a lookout. The backpack was discarded, but police recovered it and its contents in a nearby New Bedford landfill on April 26. During interviews, the men initially denied visiting the dorm room but later admitted their actions.<ref name="businessinsider" /><ref name="usatoday" />
==== Arrests and legal proceedings ====
Police arrested Kadyrbayev and Tazhayakov were arrested by police at the off-campus housing complex during the night of April 18–19. An unidentified girlfriend of one of the men was also arrested,<ref name="AutoLC-127" /><ref name="AutoQU-10" /> but all three were soon released.<ref name="businessinsider" />
Kadyrbayev and Tazhayakov were re-arrested in [[New Bedford]] on April 20 and held on immigration-related violations. They appeared before a federal [[immigration judge]] on May 1 and were charged with overstaying their [[student visa]]s.<ref name="AutoQU-11" /><ref name="AutoLC-129" /><ref name="AutoLC-130" /> That same day, they were charged criminally with:
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Matanov was originally from [[Kyrgyzstan]]. He came to the U.S. in 2010 on a [[student visa]], and later claimed [[Asylum in the United States|asylum]]. He attended [[Quincy College]] for two years before dropping out to become a taxicab driver. He was living in [[Quincy, Massachusetts]], at the time of his arrest, and was a friend of Tamerlan Tsarnaev.<ref name="LySentenceJune" />
A federal indictment was unsealed against Khairullozhon Matanov on May 30, 2014, charging him with "one count of destroying, altering, and falsifying records, documents, and tangible objects in a federal investigation, specifically information on his computer, and three counts of making materially false, fictitious, and fraudulent statements in a federal terrorism investigation". Matanov bought dinner for the two Tsarnaev brothers 40 minutes after the bombing. After the Tsarnaev brothers' photos were released to the public, Matanov viewed the photos on the CNN and FBI websites before attempting to reach Dzhokhar, and then tried to give away his cell phone and delete hundreds of documents from his computer. Prosecutors said that Matanov attempted to mislead investigators about the nature of his relationship with the brothers and to conceal that he shared their philosophy of violence.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/30/justice/boston-marathon-bombings-charges/|title=Massachusetts man charged with obstructing Boston bombings probe|first1=Jason|last1=Hanna|first2=Mariano|last2=Castillo|date=May 30, 2014|work=CNN|access-date=April 8, 2015}}</ref><ref name="LySentenceJune">{{cite news|first=Laura|last=Ly|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/18/us/tsarnaev-friend-sentence/|title=Friend of Boston marathon bombers gets 30-month sentence|work=CNN|date=June 18, 2015}}</ref>
In March 2015, Matanov pleaded guilty to all four counts.<ref name="LySentenceJune" /><ref name="ZalkiindMatanov">{{cite news|first=Susan|last=Zalkiind|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/03/26/the-fbi-is-trying-to-destroy-my-life.html|title=The FBI Is Trying to Destroy My Life|work=The Daily Beast|date=March 26, 2015}}</ref> In June 2015, he was sentenced to 30 months in prison.<ref name="LySentenceJune" />
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=== International reactions ===
[[File:US flag flying at half mast in Milan, 2013.JPG|thumb|upright=01.750|Flag flying at half staff at the American consulate in [[Milan]], Italy]]
The bombing was denounced and condolences were offered by many international leaders as well as leading figures from international sport. Security measures were increased worldwide in the wake of the attack.<ref name="oregon" /><ref name="AutoLC-144" /><ref name="telegraph_wl" /><ref name="SI_1" />
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<ref name="McLaughlin">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-explosions-boston-idUSBRE93F06T20130417|title=Boston bomb suspect spotted on video, no arrest made|last1=McLaughlin|first1=Tim|first2=Svea|last2=Herbst-Bayliss|date=April 17, 2013|work=[[Reuters]] | access-date=April 17, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-131">{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301news/fbi-201_162seeks-images-in-57579766/boston-marathon-bombingsbomb-suburbanprobe-apartmentnew-searcheddetails-emerge-on-explosives/|title=FBI seeks images in Boston Marathon bomb probe; new details emerge on explosives|publisher=CBS|newspaper=News|access-date=April 17, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-49">{{cite news|last1=Ellement|first1=John|title=Boston Medical Center reports five-year-old boy in critical condition, 23 victims treated from Boston Marathon bombings|url=https://www.boston.com/metrodesk/2013/04/17/boston-medical-center-reports-five-year-old-boy-critical-condition-victims-treated-from-boston-marathon-bombings/gkKXBTqL2jyNhsC2Kz5GyO/story.html|access-date=April 17, 2013|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=April 17, 2013|last2=Ballou|first2=Brian}}</ref>
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<ref name="AutoLC-76">{{cite journal|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-explosions-boston-shooting-idUSBRE93I0GQ20130419|date=April 19, 2013 | title =Gunfire heard in search for Boston Marathon bomb suspect|journal=Reuters|access-date= April 19, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-77">{{cite journal|url= https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504083_162-57580474-504083news/boston-marathon-manhunt-search-for-bombing-suspect-is-law-enforcements-first-major-test-of-post-9-11-training/ |date= April 19, 2013|title= Boston Marathon Manhunt: Search for bombing suspect is law enforcement's first major test of post-9/11 training|journal=[[CBS News]] | access-date=April 19, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoQU-5">{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/bostonpolice/status/325259613215789056|date=April 19, 2013 |access-date= April 11, 2015| title = Boston police | quote = Taxi service in the City of Boston has been restored. | publisher = Twitter}}</ref>
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<ref name="AutoG4-3">{{cite news|url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/04/22/17866117-fbi-agents-question-members-of-mosque-that-tsarnaevs-attended?lite|title=FBI agents question members of mosque that Tsarnaevs attended|date=April 22, 2013|author=Michael Isikoff|newspaper=NBC|access-date=April 26, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name=cbs20130516>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505263_162-57584771news/boston-bombings-suspect-dzhokhar-tsarnaev-left-note-in-boat-he-hid-in-sources-say/|title=Boston bombings suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev left note in boat he hid in, sources say|date=May 16, 2013 |access-date= April 11, 2015|publisher=CBS|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415082529/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/boston-bombings-suspect-dzhokhar-tsarnaev-left-note-in-boat-he-hid-in-sources-say/|archive-date=April 15, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-102">{{cite news|title=Boston bombing suspect was put on terrorist database 18 months ago|date=April 25, 2013|author=Siddique, Haroon and agencies|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/25/boston-bombing-suspect-terrorist-database|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 25, 2013|location=London}}</ref>
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<ref name=Gorman>{{cite news|title=Judge Made Miranda-Rights Call in Boston Bombing Case|last1 =Gorman|first1=Siobhan|last2=Barrett|first2=Devlin|date=April 25, 2013|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323789704578444940173125374|work=The Wall Street Journal|publisher=Dow Jones|access-date=April 25, 2013|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-103">{{cite news|publisher=CBS|agency=Associated Press|title=Boston Marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev silent after read Miranda rights|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57581382news/ap-boston-marathon-bombing-suspect-dzhokhar-tsarnaev-silent-after-read-miranda-rights/|date=April 25, 2013 |access-date= April 11, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-90">{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2013/04/next-for-bombing-suspect-high-value-detainee-interrogation-group/ |title=Feds Make Miranda Rights Exception for Marathon Bombing Suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] | date=April 19, 2013 |access-date= April 11, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-91">{{cite web|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/lawmakers-treat-suspect-enemy-combatant_718136.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420223853/http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/lawmakers-treat-suspect-enemy-combatant_718136.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 20, 2013|title=Lawmakers: Treat Suspect as 'Enemy Combatant' |last=Halper|first=Daniel|date=April 20, 2013| work=The Weekly Standard|access-date=April 20, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-92">{{cite web|url=http://www.chambliss.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2013/4/chambliss-statement-on-the-boston-terror-arrest|type=Press Releases|work=News Center|first=Saxby|last=Chambliss|title=US Senator for Georgia' statement on the Boston terror arrest|publisher=[[United States Senate]] | access-date=April 22, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307122448/http://www.chambliss.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2013/4/chambliss-statement-on-the-boston-terror-arrest|archive-date=March 7, 2014}}</ref>
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<ref name="AutoLC-96">{{cite news| title= Boston bombing suspect charged, questioned|url=https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-boston-bombings-20130423,0,4947538.story|access-date=April 23, 2013|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=April 22, 2013|first1=Richard A.|last1=Serrano|first2=Brian|last2=Bennett|first3=Michael A.|last3=Memoli}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-97">[https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57581554news/boston-bombings-suspect-dzhokhar-tsarnaev-taken-from-hospital-to-prison/ Boston bombings suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev taken from hospital to prison], CBS News. Retrieved April 26, 2013.</ref>
<!-- Ref not used in article body: <ref name=metrodeskcase>{{cite news|url=https://boston.com/metrodesk/2013/04/25/middlesex-county-prosecutors-building-murder-case-against-dzhokhar-tsarnaev-officer-slaying/Z5ERGSAAeLeMaDTpsdLIjK/story.html |title=Middlesex County prosecutors building murder case against Dzhokhar Tsarnaev in officer's slaying |access-date=April 26, 2013 |work=The Boston Globe |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426182245/http://boston.com/metrodesk/2013/04/25/middlesex-county-prosecutors-building-murder-case-against-dzhokhar-tsarnaev-officer-slaying/Z5ERGSAAeLeMaDTpsdLIjK/story.html |archive-date=April 26, 2013}}</ref> -->
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<ref name="AutoQU-8">{{cite news|last1=Sullivan|first1=Eileen|author-link1=Eileen Sullivan|last2=Pace|first2=Julie|title=Zubeidat Tsarnaeva, Bombing Suspect's Mom, Also on Terror List|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/26/zubeidat-tsarnaeva-terror-list_n_3164332.html|access-date=May 1, 2013|date=April 26, 2013|newspaper=Huffington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430215007/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/26/zubeidat-tsarnaeva-terror-list_n_3164332.html|archive-date=April 30, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-120">{{cite news|title=Injured Saudi man not a suspect in Boston attacks|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57579893/sources-injured-saudi-man-not-a-suspect-in-boston-attacks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418074129/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57579893/sources-injured-saudi-man-not-a-suspect-in-boston-attacks/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 18, 2013|last=Sison|first=Bree|work=CBS News|access-date=April 17, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-121">{{cite news|last=Nelson|first=Steven|title=Boston Police: 'We Are Questioning Many People'|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/newsgram/articles/2013/04/15/boston-police-we-are-questioning-many-people|access-date=April 16, 2013|newspaper=[[U.S. News & World Report]]}}</ref>
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<ref name="AutoLC-16">{{cite journal|url=http://tv.sohu.com/20130419/n373228770.shtml|script-title=zh:奥巴马：我们为吕令子的中国家人祈祷 |trans-title=Obama: We pray for Lu Lingzi's Chinese family|journal=Sohu|date=April 19, 2013|format=video|language=zh|access-date=April 19, 2013|url-access=registration}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-17">{{cite news|url=http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/geocheck/ci/http__3A__2F__2Fhk.apple.nextmedia.com__2Frealtime__2Finternational__2F20130417__2F51352522 |script-title=zh:【波士頓爆炸】第3名死者： 中國公民呂令子 |language=zh |publisher=Phoenix Television |work=Apple Daily |access-date=April 17, 2013 |date=April 17, 2013 |trans-title=Boston explosion No. 3 deceased: Chinese citizenscitizen Lu Lingzi |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505005557/http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/realtime/international/20130417/51352522 |archive-date=May 5, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-18">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/3rd-victim-of-bombings-identified-as-lingzi-lu-graduate-student/2013/04/17/ce65e660-a776-11e2-b029-8fb7e977ef71_story.html |first1=Jenna|last1=Johnson|first2=Steven|last2=Mufson|title=Boston University identifies third bombing victim as Lu Lingzi|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | access-date=April 18, 2013|date=April 18, 2013}}</ref>
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<ref name="AutoLC-1">{{cite web |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/massachusetts/2013/04/22/just-bombing-victims-still-critically-ill-but-count-injured-rises/7mUGAu5tJgKsxc634NCAJJ/story.html |title=Just 2 bombing victims still critically ill, but count of injured rises to 282 |work=The Boston Globe |date=April 23, 2013 |access-date=May 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708111943/http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/massachusetts/2013/04/22/just-bombing-victims-still-critically-ill-but-count-injured-rises/7mUGAu5tJgKsxc634NCAJJ/story.html |archive-date=July 8, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-24-26">{{cite news|last=Dahler|first=Don|date=April 26, 2013|title=For Boston bombing survivor, a life-changing decision|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18563_162-57581710news/for-boston-bombing-survivor-a-life-changing-decision/|work=CBS News|access-date=April 27, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="CFN13">{{cite web| title=FBI takes over investigation, seeking suspects, motives in Boston bombings| url=http://www.cfnews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/news/article.html/content/news/articles/bn9/2013/4/16/fbi_takes_over_inves.html| work=[[Central Florida News 13]]| date=April 16, 2013| access-date=April 16, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419034528/http://www.cfnews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/news/article.html/content/news/articles/bn9/2013/4/16/fbi_takes_over_inves.html| archive-date=April 19, 2013| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-25">{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57580748news/all-boston-marathon-bombing-patients-likely-to-live-doctors-say/|title=All Boston Marathon bombing patients likely to live, doctors say|date=April 22, 2013|access-date=April 26, 2013|work=CBS News}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-26">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/04/18/boston-bombing-injury-count/2090971|title=At least 14 amputees are among wounded in Boston attack|first1=Elizabeth|last1=Weise|first2=G. Jeffrey|last2=MacDonald|first3=Karen|last3=Weintraub|newspaper=USA Today|date=April 18, 2013 |access-date= April 11, 2015}}</ref>
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<ref name="BosHerald shrapnel">{{cite news|url=http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/local_coverage/2013/04/docs_describe_nails_bbs_viciously_blasted_into_marathon_patients|title=Docs describe nails, BBs viciously blasted into Marathon patients|last1=Kantor|first1=Ira|first2=Christine|last2=McConville|date=April 16, 2013|work=[[Boston Herald]] | access-date=April 17, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-132">{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57579768news/boston-marathon-bombs-the-world-reacts/|title=Boston Marathon bombs: The world reacts|publisher=CBS|newspaper=News|access-date=April 17, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420022136/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57579768/boston-marathon-bombs-the-world-reacts|archive-date=April 20, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-41">{{cite news|author=Reidy, Chris|title=L.L.Bean commits $150,000 to the One Fund Boston|date=April 24, 2013|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2013/04/24/bean-commits-one-fund-boston/DM92GI2LAQH3Z875sXJWmN/story.html|work=The Boston Globe|access-date=April 24, 2013}}</ref>
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<ref name="AutoLC-137">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-22160978|title=Explosions hit Boston Marathon|date=April 15, 2013|access-date=April 11, 2015|work=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329164644/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-22160978|archive-date=March 29, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-138">{{cite news|url=httphttps://www.cbc.ca/sportsnews/story/2013/04/15world/boston-marathon-explosionbomb-blasts-kill-3-injure-at-least-140-1.html1306840|title=Boston Marathon bomb blasts kill 2, injure dozens|date=April 15, 2013|publisher=[[CBC News]]|access-date=April 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417212556/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2013/04/15/boston-marathon-explosion.html|archive-date=April 17, 2013|url-status=deadlive}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoLC-140">{{cite web|title=Obama orders flags lowered to half staff| url=http://www.politico.com/politico44/2013/04/obama-orders-white-house-flag-lowered-to-half-staff-161786.html|publisher=Politico|access-date=April 16, 2013}}</ref>
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<ref name="AutoZ2-7">{{cite web|url=http://masterstrack.com/2013/04/24716|title=M75 runner Bill Iffrig becomes poster child for courage at Boston|access-date=April 29, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoZ2-8">{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=9176200|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511114533/http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=9176200|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 11, 2013|title=Steve Levy Talks To Marathon Runner|access-date=April 29, 2013}}{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoZ2-5">{{cite web|url=http://fox6now.com/2013/04/15/report-explosion-at-finish-line-of-boston-marathon|title=Eight-year-old boy one of 3 killed after Boston Marathon bombings|access-date=April 29, 2013}}</ref>
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[[Category:Plots and attacks using pressure cooker bombs]]
[[Category:Politics and sports]]
[[Category:Presidency of Barack Obama]]
[[Category:Sports-related accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:Terrorism in the United States]]