Bremen (state): Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement

<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| official_name = Free Hanseatic City of Bremen

| native_name = <small>{{native name|de|Freie Hansestadt Bremen}}<br/>{{native name|nds|Free Hansestadt Bremen}}</small>▼

| official_name = Free Hanseatic City of Bremen

| native_name_lang = ▼

▲| native_name = <small>{{native name|de|Freie Hansestadt Bremen}}<br/>{{native name|nds|Free Hansestadt Bremen}}</small>

| settlement_type = [[States of Germany|State]]▼

▲| native_name_lang =

| image_skyline = Bremen Town Hall - 2019-07-24-1.jpg

▲| settlement_type = [[States of Germany|State]]

| image_skylineimagesize = Bremen Town Hall - 2019-07-24-1.jpg270px

| imagesizeimage_caption = [[Bremen City = 270pxHall]]

| image_caption image_flag = [[BremenFlag Cityof Hall]]Bremen.svg

| image_flag flag_size = Flag of Bremen.svg120px

| flag_sizeimage_shield = Bremen greater coat of = 120pxarms.svg

| image_shield shield_size = Bremen greater coat of arms.svg110

| shield_sizeanthem = 110

| image_map = {{maplink|frame=y|plain=yes|frame-align=center|zoom=5|type=shape<!--line-->|id=|stroke-color=|stroke-width=2|frame-lat=51.1|frame-long=10.5|frame-width=250|frame-height=300}}▼

| anthemmapsize = =155px

▲| image_map = {{maplink|frame=y|plain=yes|frame-align=center|zoom=5|type=shape<!--line-->|id=|stroke-color=|stroke-width=2|frame-lat=51.1|frame-long=10.5|frame-width=250|frame-height=300}}

| mapsize map_caption = 155px

| coordinates = {{coord|53|20|50|N|8|35|29|E|display=inline}}▼

| map_caption =▼

| subdivision_type = Country▼

▲| coordinates = {{coord|53|20|50|N|8|35|29|E|display=inline}}

| subdivision_name = [[Germany]]

▲| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_nameseat_type = [[Germany]]Capital

| seat_typeseat = Capital[[Bremen]]

| seat governing_body = [[Bürgerschaft of Bremen]]

| governing_body leader_party = [[Bürgerschaft of BremenSPD]]

| leader_title = [[President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen|Senate President and Mayor]]▼

| leader_party = [[SPD]]

| leader_name = [[Andreas Bovenschulte]]

▲| leader_title = [[President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen|Senate President and Mayor]]

| leader_name leader_title1 = [[AndreasGoverning Bovenschulte]]parties

| leader_name1 = {{Polparty|Germany|SPD}} / {{Polparty|Germany|[[Alliance 90/The Greens]]}} / {{Polparty|Germany|[[The Left (Germany)|The Left]]}} ▼

| leader_title1 = Governing parties

| leader_title2 = [[Bundesrat of Germany|Bundesrat votes]]

▲| leader_name1 = {{Polparty|Germany|SPD}} / {{Polparty|Germany|[[Alliance 90/The Greens]]}} / {{Polparty|Germany|[[The Left (Germany)|The Left]]}}

| leader_title2 leader_name2 = [[Bundesrat3 (of Germany|Bundesrat votes]]69)

| leader_title3 = [[Bundestag|Bundestag seats]]▼

| leader_name2 = 3 (of 69)

| leader_name3 = [[Results of the 2021 German federal election#Bremen|5 (of 736)]]▼

▲| leader_title3 = [[Bundestag|Bundestag seats]]

▲| map_captiontotal_type = =City

▲| leader_name3 = [[Results of the 2021 German federal election#Bremen|5 (of 736)]]

| total_type area_footnotes = City

| area_footnotesarea_total_km2 = =419.38

| area_total_km2 elevation_m = 419.38

| population_footnotes = =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik.bremen.de/sixcms/media.php/13/2017-12_AI1vj4_Bevoelkerungsentwicklung.xlsx|title=Bevölkerung, Gebiet – Aktuelle Statistische Berichte – Bevölkerungsentwicklung im Land Bremen|work=Statistisches Landesamt Bremen|date=September 2018|language=German}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>▼

| elevation_m =

| population_total = 680,130

▲| population_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik.bremen.de/sixcms/media.php/13/2017-12_AI1vj4_Bevoelkerungsentwicklung.xlsx|title=Bevölkerung, Gebiet – Aktuelle Statistische Berichte – Bevölkerungsentwicklung im Land Bremen|work=Statistisches Landesamt Bremen|date=September 2018|language=German}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

| population_total population_as_of = 680,1302020-12

| population_as_of = 2020-12

| population_density_km2 = auto

| population_urban = =

| population_metro = =

| population_demonym = =

| demographics_type1 = GDP

| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bruttoinlandsprodukt, Bruttowertschöpfung {{!}} Statistikportal.de |url=http://www.statistikportal.de/de/vgrdl/ergebnisse-laenderebene/bruttoinlandsprodukt-bruttowertschoepfung |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder {{!}} Gemeinsames Statistikportal |language=de}}</ref>

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| demographics1_title2 = Per capita

| demographics1_info2 = €56,901 (2022)

| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]

| utc_offset1 = +1

| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]

| utc_offset1_DST = +2

| postal_code_type = =

| postal_code = =

| area_code_type = =

| area_code = =

| registration_plate = {{plainlist|

*HB <small>(1906–1947; again since 1956)</small>

*BM <small>(1947)</small>

*AE <small>(1947–1956)</small>}}

| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (20182021)

| blank2_info_sec2 = 0.959954<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|green|very high}} · [[List of German states by Human Development Index|4th of 16]]

| iso_code = DE-HB

| blank_name_sec2 = [[First level NUTS of the European Union#Germany|NUTS Region]]

| blank_info_sec2 = DE5

| website = [httphttps://www.bremen.de/ bremen.de]

| footnotes = =

| image_blank_emblem = Bremen Logo.svg

| blank_emblem_type = [[Brandmark]]

| blank_emblem_size = 120px

}}

'''Bremen''' ({{IPA-|de|ˈbʁeːmən|lang|de-Bremen.ogg}}), officially the '''Free [[Hanseatic League#Lists of former Hansa cities|Hanseatic]] City of Bremen''' ({{lang-de|Freie Hansestadt Bremen}}; {{lang-nds|Free Hansestadt Bremen}}), is the smallest and least populous of [[States of Germany|Germany's 16 states]]. It is informally called {{lang|de|Land Bremen}} ('State of Bremen'), although the term is sometimes used in official contexts. The state consists of the city of [[Bremen]] and its seaport [[exclave]], [[Bremerhaven]], surrounded by the larger state of [[Lower Saxony]] in northern Germany.

==Geography==

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{{Main article|History of Bremen (city)|Timeline of Bremen}}

When the [[Holy Roman Empire]] was dissolved in 1806, what had been since 1646 (after earlier privileges of autonomy of 1186) the [[Free Imperial City]] of Bremen was not [[German mediatisation|mediatised]]. Rather than being incorporated into the enlarged territory of one of the surrounding monarchies, it was recognised (along with [[Hamburg]]) as a sovereign ''[[Hanseatic League|Free Hanseatic City]]''. Its currency until 1873 was the [[Bremen thaler]].

In 1811, in an effort to enforce [[Napoleon]]'s [[Berlin Decree]] embargoing Britain, the [[First French Empire]] had annexed the [[city-state]]. But at the [[Congress of Vienna|Congress of Vienna of 1815]], Bremen's emissary, and later [[burgomaster]], [[Johann Smidt]], lobbied successfully to have the city's independence restored as one of the 39 sovereign states within the new [[German Confederation]].

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==Politics==

{{See also|State Office for the Protection of the Constitution of Bremen}}

===Political system===

{{Expand section|date=November 2009}}

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Some of the city's heavier industries failed to recover from the [[1973 oil crisis|oil-price-shock]] recession of the early 1970s. Specialist construction yards, ship outfitters and parts suppliers remain, but [[AG Weser]] (which employed 16,000 workers at its peak) and [[Bremer Vulkan|Bremer Vulcan]], Bremen's major shipbuilders, closed in 1983 and 1997 respectively. Further job losses were caused by the restructuring and increasing mechanisation of harbour-related activities and other industrial sectors. Semi and unskilled harbour workers found it very difficult to re-enter the labour market, and unemployment—for a period in the 1980s almost double the West German average—remained comparatively high.

At a time when structural change in the economy has forced Bremen to spend more on social services, [[Suburbanization|suburbanisation]] has reduced population and tax revenue, namely due to 1969 federal tax reform - before that, income taxes would be collected by the municipality of the workplace, but after that, by the municipality of the residency. Incorporating surrounding suburban municipalities, is not an option for Bremen as these belong to the state of Lower Saxony.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Plöger|first=Jörg|url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/3623/1/Bremen_city_report_(final).pdf|title=Bremen: City Report|publisher=Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE|year=2007|location=London}}</ref>

With financial assistance from the [[European Union]], and from the Federal Government, economic policy has focused on supporting those established economic sectors that are based on advanced technology, such as aerospace and aircraft production, automobile production, maritime and logistics services, and on developing the education and business-park infrastructure for new science-based and digital enterprises. In this an important role is accorded to the growing university sector. Further investment went into the revitalisation of the city centre but a culture-driven regeneration around entertainment and tourism was not very successful. Several experts described Bremen's service sector as underdeveloped, due to a lack of major company headquarters.<ref name=":1" />

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==External links==

{{Commons category|Bremen (state)}}

* [httphttps://www.bremen.de/ Official state portal]

* [httphttps://www.rathaus-.bremen.de/ Official governmental portal]

* [http://www.buergerschaft.bremen.de/index.php?area=1&np=3,25,111,0,0,0,0,0 Constitution of the state, German only]

* {{Osmrelation-inline|62718}}