California Chrome: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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|[[National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame]]<br>(2023)

|California Chrome Stakes

|[[California State Assembly]] [[concurrent resolution]] 161

|"California Chrome Day", October 11, 2014, [[Fresno, California]]

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|updated = 24 April 2023

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'''California Chrome''' ([[foal]]ed February 18, 2011) is an Americana [[Thoroughbred]]National racehorse.Museum Heof wasRacing namedand theHall 2014of andFame|US 2016Hall of Fame]] [[AmericanThoroughbred]] Horse of the[[horse Yearracing|racehorse]]. Hewho won the [[2014 Kentucky Derby]], the [[2014 Preakness Stakes|Preakness Stakes]], and the 2016 [[Dubai World Cup]]. He was the 2014 and 2016 [[American Horse of the Year]]. In 2016, he surpassed [[Curlin]] as the all-time leading North American horse in earnings won.

Bred in California, the [[chestnut (coat)|chestnut-colored]] horse was named for his flashy [[horse markings|white markings]], called "chrome" by horse aficionados. He was bred and originally owned by Perry Martin from [[Yuba City, California]], and Steve Coburn of [[Topaz Lake, Nevada]], who named their partnership [[DAP Racing]], standing for "Dumb Ass Partners"—a tongue-in-cheek response to a passerby who questioned their wisdom in purchasing California Chrome's [[Glossary of equestrian terms#D|dam]], Love the Chase. In 2015, Coburn sold his minority share to [[Taylor Made Farm]], and a new ownership group, California Chrome, LLC, was formed. The horse is trained by the father–son team of [[Art Sherman|Art and Alan Sherman]]. Dedicated fans—called "Chromies"—actively supported California Chrome, who has been called "the people's horse".

As a two-year-old, the horse ran inconsistently until teamed with [[jockey]] [[Victor Espinoza]]. The rapport that developed between the pair led to a six-win streak in 2013–2014. After winning the [[San Felipe Stakes]] and [[Santa Anita Derby]], California Chrome was the [[morning line]] favorite for the Kentucky Derby. Critics who downplayed his chances of winning were proven wrong when California Chrome won by {{frac|1|3|4}} lengths even though Espinoza [[Glossary of North American horse racing#E|eased]] him for the final {{convert|70|yards}}. In the Preakness, he fended off two strong challengers in the [[Glossary of North American horse racing#H|homestretch]] and won by {{frac|1|1|2}} [[horse length|lengths]]. He then shipped to [[Belmont Park]] with hopes of winning the [[United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing|Triple Crown]] in the [[2014 Belmont Stakes]], but was stepped on by the horse next to him at the start, tearing some tissue from his right front heel. With no one aware of his injury until the race was over, he finished fourth in a [[Glossary of North American horse racing#D|dead heat]]. After healing and pasture rest, he ran in the 2014 [[Breeders' Cup Classic]], finishing third, a [[Horse length#Other measures|neck]] behind the winner. California Chrome returned to his winning form in his first start on a [[Grass#Sports turf|turf]] course in the [[Hollywood Derby]] in late November. California Chrome won many accolades and awards in 2014: The [[California State Legislature]] unanimously passed a resolution recognizing his outstanding performance, and the city of [[Fresno, California|Fresno]] proclaimed October 11, 2014, as "California Chrome Day".” He won the 2014 [[Secretariat Vox Populi Award]], his Kentucky Derby win was awarded the [[National Thoroughbred Racing Association Moment of the Year|NTRA "Moment of the Year"]], and he won [[Eclipse Award]]s for [[American Champion Three-Year-Old Male Horse]] and [[American Horse of the Year]].

California Chrome's 2015 season was tumultuous. He began the year with second-place finishes in the [[San Antonio Stakes]] and Dubai World Cup. He then was shipped to the United Kingdom to train for the [[Prince of Wales's Stakes]] at [[Royal Ascot]] but was scratched a few days prior to the race due to a hoof bruise. Upon returning to the US in July 2015, he was diagnosed with bruising on his [[limbs of the horse|cannon bone]]s, which ended his 2015 season. Shortly thereafter, Coburn sold his ownership interest.<!--already mentioned in paragraph 1 that it was to Taylor Made Farm--> After a rest of several months, he returned to training with Sherman at [[Los Alamitos Race Course]] and regained his form with a six-race winning streak in 2016 which included Grade I wins in the Dubai World Cup, the [[Pacific Classic]], and the [[Awesome Again Stakes]] before suffering a narrow loss to [[Arrogate]] in the Breeders' Cup Classic. He again won the Horse of the Year, Moment of the Year, and Vox Populi awards in 2016. Following the [[Pegasus World Cup]] in January 2017, he retired to [[stud farm|stud]].

In 2023 California Chrome was inducted into the [[National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.drf.com/news/nakatani-arrogate-california-chrome-songbird-top-2023-hall-fame-class|title=Nakatani, Arrogate, California Chrome, Songbird top 2023 Hall of Fame class|last=Grening|first=David|date=25 April 2023|publisher=[[Daily Racing Form]]|access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref>

==Background==▼

▲==Background==

California Chrome was foaled on February 18, 2011,<ref name=equibase/> near [[Coalinga, California]], at Harris Farms, the [[horse breeding]] division of the [[Harris Ranch]].<ref name=ArringtonApr4SacBee/> He is a chestnut with four white [[horse markings#legLeg markings|stockings]]{{efn|The shorter marking on his left front leg is technically a partial stocking, as the high white only extends up the back half of the leg.}} and a [[horse markings#face markings|blaze]].<ref name=Rees5April2014/> At four years old, he stood {{hands|16}} tall.<ref name=Marquardt18Sept/>

[[File:California Chrome head.jpg|thumb|left|alt=California Chrome sticking his head and neck out of a stall|California Chrome in his stall at Pimlico Race Course, May 2014]]

As a foal, he was nicknamed "Junior"<ref name=Arrington20Apr/> because of his resemblance to his [[Glossary of equestrian terms#S|sire]], Lucky Pulpit.<ref name=HarrisStallions/>{{sfn|HRTV1June|loc=6:07}} [[Lucky Pulpit]] had won three races, placed in several [[graded stakes race]]s, and [[Glossary of North American horse racing#H|hit the board]] in 13 of his 22 starts.<ref name=LuckyPulpit/> However, a viral respiratory infection damaged his breathing and limited him to racing over short distances.<ref name=Rees8May/> California Chrome's [[Glossary of equestrian terms#D|dam]] is Love the Chase, and he was her first [[foal]].<ref name=ArringtonApr6/> She was purchased for $30,000 as a two-year-old by an agent for a horse [[Syndicate|ownership group]] called the Blinkers On Racing Stable.<ref name=Layden28Apr/> As a two- and three-year-old [[filly]], she was anxious in the saddling [[paddock]], and as a result, often lost races before she ever got to the [[starting gate]].<ref name=Arrington20Apr/> She ran six times and won on her fourth try in a February 2009 [[Glossary of North American horse racing#M|maiden]] [[claiming race]] at [[Golden Gate Fields]]. After her win, Steve Coburn and Perry Martin became her owners,<ref name=LoveTheChase/> ran her two more times, then retired her later that year.<ref name=Layden28Apr/><ref name=LoveTheChase/> They hoped she would become a good [[broodmare]],<ref name=ArringtonApr6/> as she had a promising pedigree. When she retired, it was discovered that she had raced with a breathing problem—an entrapped [[epiglottis]] that restricted her air intake,<ref name=Arrington20Apr/> but which could be corrected with surgery.<ref name=Merck/> {{As of|2015}}, she had given birth to four foals, the two fillies and a [[colt (horse)|colt]], all [[Glossary of equestrian terms#F|full siblings]] to California Chrome.<ref name=CTBA12Apr/> After California Chrome became a Kentucky Derby contender, Martin and Coburn turned down an offer of $2.1&nbsp;million for Love the Chase,<ref name=Layden28Apr/> and ultimately sold her in November 2016 for $1.95 million.<ref name="BH7Nov"/>

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==Racing history==

{{multiple image | width = 100 | header = California Chrome's racing silks| direction = horizontal |align=right | caption_align = center

| image1=Owner Perry Martin and Steve Coburn.svg

| alt1= Purple silks with green trimmings and a green cap; DAP is displayed on the left breast.

| caption1=<div style="text-align:center;">DAP Racing Front</div>

| image2=Owner DAP back.svg

| alt2= Purple silks with green trimmings and a green donkey emblem

| caption2=<div style="text-align:center;">DAP Racing Back</div>

|image3=Owner California Chrome LLC.svg

|alt3=Gray silks with red trim on helmet brim and "CHROME" in red outlined letters on the rider's chest

|caption3=<div style="text-align:center;">California Chrome, LLC</div>

}}

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The day after the Preakness, a new round of minor press excitement, dubbed "nasalgate",<ref name=Paulick19May/> erupted when Sherman commented that Martin might not let California Chrome run in the [[2014 Belmont Stakes|Belmont Stakes]] if the [[New York Racing Association]] (NYRA) did not allow the horse to wear a [[nasal strip]] as he had in his previous six races.<ref name=NBC18May/>{{efn|Prior to the [[2012 Belmont Stakes]], the NYRA stewards had refused to allow [[I'll Have Another]] to wear a nasal strip.<ref name=NBC18May/> The issue was of no actual impact in 2012 because I'll Have Another pulled out the day before the race due to injury.<ref name=Greenblatt19May/>}} Nasal strips are not considered performance-enhancing,<ref name=Greenblatt19May/> but may reduce airway resistance, lower the risk of [[exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage]] (EIPH), and aid post-race recovery.<ref name=Nuzzo24May/> Sherman submitted a formal request for permission to use them,<ref name=BH19May/> and the following day, the NYRA approved their use for all horses on New York tracks, thus resolving the matter.<ref name=NYSGaming/>

[[File:California Chrome at 2014 Belmont.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.5|alt=A racehorse being led by two people, one on each side, and other people nearby|California Chrome leaving the saddling paddock for the 2014 Belmont Stakes with Espinoza up, Rodriguez (right), Alan Sherman, and Delgado (left). Art Sherman visible behind horse]]

California Chrome shipped to New York on May 20 in a [[semi-trailer]] horse van together with Ride On Curlin.<ref name=Haskin20May/> They had a police escort through New York City from the [[Throgs Neck Bridge]] to [[Belmont Park]].<ref name=Hoppert20May/> The press reported that Art Sherman believed the misspelled saddle cloths at the Derby and Preakness were a good luck charm, and that he specifically asked Belmont Park for another misspelled cloth along with a properly spelled version.<ref name=2BH23May2014/> The first week California Chrome spent at the Belmont track was generally uneventful, other than galloping past an [[opossum]] that wandered onto the track the morning of May 23. The horse paid little attention to it, but the press pounced on the story;<ref name=BH23May/> the animal was labeled "Dumb-Ass Possum",<ref name=McClean25May/> and someone created a [[Twitter]] account for the creature.<ref name=Possum/> Delgado commented, "I can tell you he loves this track, and I don't see him (having) any problem getting a mile and a half."<ref name=BH27May/> On May 31, Espinoza arrived to give the colt a short workout known as a "[[Glossary of North American horse racing#B|breeze]]". Horse and jockey were greeted by a large contingent of fans and press at about 6:30&nbsp;a.m., and ran a "sharp" half-mile ({{convert|0.5|mi|km|sp=us|disp=output only}}) officially clocked at 47.69 seconds. A clocker for the ''[[Daily Racing Form]]'' stated, "He's going to be tough to beat. I think we're going to have a Triple Crown winner."<ref name=Manahan31May/>

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On race day California Chrome did not break boldly. Espinoza later explained something felt "off" and he held the horse back a bit instead of going to the lead. When asked to move to the front, the horse did not unleash his usual burst of speed.<ref name=Grening7June/> Immediately following the race, Espinoza said "He was just a little bit empty today".<ref name=Fenno7June/> Tonalist won the race, and California Chrome finished fourth in a [[Glossary of North American horse racing#D|dead heat]] with [[Wicked Strong]].<ref name=Belmont/> Initial post-race analysts criticized Espinoza for not taking the horse to the front early on,<ref name=Beyer8June/> but noticed that California Chrome had had some blood on his right front heel. After the race, review of photos taken at the start showed that the horse next to him, Matterhorn, moved too far to the left and stepped on California Chrome's heel as both horses broke from the gate.<ref name=Rees9June/> As a result, California Chrome had run the race with a "chunk" of tissue taken out of his right front heel and a small cut on his tendon.<ref name=Novak8June/> The tendon injury was superficial, but the heel injury may have been a factor in his loss.<ref name=Rees9June/> Sherman explained that he knew that something was not right when he saw the horse throw his head up in the homestretch, and speculated later that the sand and dirt of the racetrack caused pain in the open wound.<ref name=Pedulla19June/> The following day, Sherman assured the press that both injuries would heal.<ref name=Shinar11June/>

Coburn generated controversy after the race, when he said the current Triple Crown system allowed "the coward's way out" because fresh horses who had not run in the Kentucky Derby or Preakness Stakes could challenge horses who contested all three legs.<ref name=Novak8June/> Sherman downplayed the outburst, saying, "[Coburn] was at the heat of the moment ... Sometimes the emotions get in front of you." Two days later, Coburn apologized, saying he wanted to congratulate the owners of Tonalist and adding, "I wanted so much for [California Chrome] to win the Triple Crown for the people of America."<ref name=Mihoces9June/> [[Steve Haskin]] of ''[[Blood-Horse]]'' magazine summarized the race stating, "when I think back&nbsp;... the one image that will last forever will be of an exhausted colt walking back through the tunnel with a bloodstained foot, his head down and breathing hard, and every vein protruding from his sweat-soaked body. He had given every ounce of himself, and with it all, still was beaten only {{frac|1|3|4}} lengths."<ref name=Haskin9June/>

California Chrome returned to Los Alamitos, where Sherman's crew treated the wound for about 10 days.<ref name=Shinar11June/> After that, they sent California Chrome to Harris Farms where he was turned out on [[pasture]].<ref name=Novak8June/><ref name=Pedulla19June/> By early July, his foot was fully healed, he had gained weight,<ref name=Hovdey10July/> and Sherman was pleased enough with his recovery that he brought the colt back to Los Alamitos to resume training on July 17, two weeks earlier than anticipated.<ref name=Shinar10July/>

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California Chrome raced next in the September 20 [[Pennsylvania Derby]] at [[Parx Racing]]. He was the favorite, but drew the inside number 1 post position. Kentucky Derby rivals Candy Boy and Tapiture also entered. [[Bayern (horse)|Bayern]], who had a poor performance in the Preakness Stakes but later won the [[Haskell Invitational]], was the second favorite.<ref name=Zieralski15Sept/> Parx provided significant financial incentives to any horse entering who previously won a triple crown race or other selected Grade I races, so California Chrome's connections earned $200,000 simply for having him start.<ref name=Haskin15Sept/> Trapped on the rail, first by a speed horse in the initial stages of the race, and again on the far turn by a challenger who faded in the stretch, California Chrome was unable to gain momentum and finished sixth. Bayern had a clean trip, leading wire to wire, and won by {{frac|5|3|4}} lengths.<ref name=Haskin22Sept/> Espinoza explained, "I never really had a chance to let him run the way he had been running."<ref name=LaMarra28Oct/>

The next race was the [[Breeders' Cup Classic]] on November 1. Because many leading older horses retired in 2014, most of the main contenders for the 2014 Classic were the three year olds: in addition to California Chrome, former foes Bayern, Candy Boy and Tonalist entered. His chief rival was considered to be the then-undefeated [[American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt]], [[Shared Belief]], a [[gelding]] who missed the Triple Crown series due to hoof problems; the two had never faced each other.<ref name=Haskin29Sept2014/> California Chrome was 4-14–1 on the morning line, second favorite to Shared Belief.<ref name=Haskin27Oct/> In the race, Bayern bumped into Shared Belief at the start, then took the lead for the duration of the race. California Chrome was clear of traffic, maintained third place for most of the race, was closing at the end, and finished a very close third, only a neck behind winner Bayern, who won by a [[Horse length#Other measures|nose]] over second-place finisher Toast of New York. Shared Belief was fourth.<ref name="BCC2014"/> Post race analysis noted that California Chrome stayed on the outside throughout the race, and actually ran 44 feet farther than the winner.<ref name=Haskin5Nov/> Sherman spoke in positive terms of the horse's finish, stating, "My horse ran his eyeballs out. He was right there, right down to the money. I thought it was a great effort. He came back strong." <ref name=Farrell1Nov/> Espinoza was less enthusiastic: "On the backstretch I thought I had a chance to win... The last sixteenth [California Chrome] was digging as hard as he could, but getting just a little tired. I wish he had one more race. It was a little too much for him today."<ref name=Shinar1Nov/> Coburn visited the colt the following day and stated, "He was full of himself. I think he thought he won. And if the race had been just a little bit longer, I believe he would have."<ref name=Shinar5Nov/>

Later in the month California Chrome shipped to Del Mar, and following workouts on the turf course Sherman entered him in the [[Hollywood Derby]] on November 29. It was his first start on a grass race track.<ref name=Privman12Nov/> Sherman believed that California Chrome would do well running on grass, and it also would open up a variety of potential races to enter in 2015.<ref name=Privman30Nov/> He was the morning line favorite, with his toughest competitor viewed as Lexie Lou, a filly who defeated colts to win Canada's equivalent of the Kentucky Derby, the [[Queen's Plate]]. California Chrome won by two lengths, and the Canadian filly was second.<ref name=Shinar29Nov/> With the win, California Chrome earned four Grade I races for the year and was the only horse in the United States to have Grade I wins in 2014 on both dirt and turf tracks.<ref name=Privman30Nov/> Espinoza summed up the race by saying, "he's back."<ref name=Shinar29Nov/>

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Entering the 2016 Dubai World Cup, California Chrome had the number 11 post position in an international field of 12. He faced both old American rivals in Hoppertunity and Candy Boy as well as three younger horses who had challenged American Pharoah the previous year: [[Keen Ice]], [[Frosted (horse)|Frosted]], and [[Mubtaahij]].<ref name=Dubai2/> He also was again required to run without Lasix.<ref name="TaylorChrome"/> The horse stayed wide and had a clear trip the entire race, took the lead {{convert|300|m}} out and won by {{frac|3|3|4}} lengths.<ref name=Dubai2/> The race developed added drama when Espinoza's saddle began to slip backwards in the homestretch. After the race he said, "I just kept looking forward and thinking 'where's the wire? It was not coming fast enough." The purse money for the victory put him past Curlin as the all-time leading North American horse in earnings won.<ref name="Lintner26Mar2016"/>

[[File:BCC2016-race-4.jpg| thumb|left|upright=1.5|Arrogate (#10) challenged California Chrome (#4) in the stretch of the Breeders' Cup Classic and overtook him in the final yards]]

Upon his return to the United States, California Chrome was turned out for a month at Taylor Made Farm, then resumed training with Sherman.<ref name="Balan24July2016" /> On July 23, the horse was entered in the [[San Diego Handicap]] where he faced [[Dortmund (horse)|Dortmund]], who had finished third in the [[2015 Kentucky Derby]] to American Pharoah. California Chrome tracked behind Dortmund until the far turn, then moved to the front. Dortmund fought back and the two dueled down the stretch, with California Chrome prevailing by half a length while carrying five pounds more than Dortmund.<ref name="Balan23July2016" /> A month later, California Chrome challenged an all-star field in the [[Pacific Classic]], which included a rematch with Dortmund as well as long-time rival Hoppertunity. Most notably, Chrome met the champion mare [[Beholder (horse)|Beholder]] for the first time. Beholder, third favorite on the morning line, had won the previous year in her debut against male horses, the only female horse to have ever won that race.<ref name="Privman18Aug"/> California Chrome got the number one post position in the nine-horse field, viewed as an unfavorable draw because, other than his prep race win at [[Meydan Racecourse]], he previously did poorly on the rail.<ref name="Privman19Aug"/><ref name=Meydanprep/> The post position turned out not to be a problem, as the horse broke cleanly and quickly went to the lead, led throughout the entire race, and only Beholder kept close to him until the mile pole, at which point he pulled ahead of the field and won by five lengths.<ref name="Pacific Classic2"/> Espinoza kept a relatively firm hold on the horse throughout the race, and Beholder's rider, [[Gary Stevens (jockey)|Gary Stevens]], commented, "Victor was playing with us. I don't think he really let him run. That's scary to think about."<ref name="Balan20Aug2016"/> In similar form, he again was challenged by Dortmund in the [[Awesome Again Stakes]] on October 1. The two horses at one point outdistanced the rest of the field by 12 lengths, but California Chrome led throughout and won by {{frac|2|1|4}} lengths. Art Sherman commented, "You're looking at maybe the best horse in the world right now."<ref name="Balan1Oct2016"/>

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The final race of California Chrome's career was the [[Pegasus World Cup]] in Florida on January 28, 2017. He drew the far outside post and ran a surprisingly poor race, was eased in the stretch, and finished ninth, well behind the winner, [[Arrogate]]. Arrogate's jockey, [[Mike E. Smith|Mike Smith]], commented, "Chrome just didn't fire his race today at all."<ref name="WinczeHughes28Jan"/> Sherman commented "This was the first bad race he has run for me."<ref name="Werner28Jan"/> The horse had fluid on his right knee after the race, and although the injury did not appear serious, Sherman theorized about the cause: "It looks like he scrambled away from there and couldn't get his footing." Arrogate's trainer, Bob Baffert, was also disappointed: "I kept waiting for the matchup with Chrome, but he just didn't bring his race today. It's too bad."<ref name="WinczeHughes28Jan"/> Post-race radiographs showed no bone injury, but California Chrome was mildly lame. Frank Taylor explained, "We don't know if he just wrenched it or strained it, but it had a little filling, fluid and heat in it." An [[equine chiropractic|equine chiropractor]] got a small "pop" when he stretched out the horse's leg. Clinical signs of injury went down, he shipped to Taylor Made Farm the next day, and soon was allowed to go out and exercise in a [[paddock]].<ref name="Hackbarth30Jan"/>

==Retirement and studbreeding career==

Although the Pegasus World Cup was only three weeks prior to the start of the Thoroughbred industry's breeding season, Taylor Made began standing California Chrome at stud for the 2017 season.<ref name="Mitchell26Aug"/> His initial [[stud fee]] was set at $40,000,<ref name="TaylorChrome"/> making him the co-second-highest-priced new stallion for the 2017.<ref name="Russo20Jan"/> The knee injury was not viewed as a problem, and he was scheduled to begin breeding mares soon after arriving at the farm,<ref name="Paulick29Jan"/> starting about February 14. Mark Taylor quipped, "He's going to have like two weeks to go from the playing field to the penthouse." His book included nine mares purchased by California Chrome LLC, as well as Champagne Royale, the dam of two Grade I winners, including California Chrome's Kentucky Derby rival, Danza.<ref name="Russo20Jan"/>

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California Chrome's first reported foal, a colt out of the mare Pay the Man, was foaled on January 20, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=First Foal is a Colt for California Chrome|url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/225699/first-foal-is-a-colt-for-california-chrome|website=BloodHorse.com|access-date=February 11, 2018|language=en}}</ref> By 2019, he had bred a total of 473 mares and his first crop of yearlings sold at auction, the highest-priced selling for $325,000. In November 2019, Taylor Made announced the 50-member California Chrome syndicate agreed to sell California Chrome to the [[JS Company]] of Japan to stand the horse at the [[Arrow Stud]] in [[Hokkaido]]. The Syndicate retained a [[right of first refusal]] and a provision that when the horse retires from stud, he will return to the US and live out the remainder of his life at Taylor Made. The Martins also intend to remain involved. Referencing another American racehorse that had a substantial impact on the Thoroughbred industry after selling to Japan, Duncan Taylor stated, "I'm hoping he's the next [[Sunday Silence]]."<ref>{{cite web|title=Agreement in Place to Sell California Chrome to Japan |url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/237134/agreement-in-place-to-sell-california-chrome-to-japan |website=BloodHorse.com |date=20 November 2019}}</ref>

On July 18, 2020, California Chrome was represented by his first winner, Sunkar Time, in Russia.<ref>{{cite web |title=California Chrome Lands First Winner in Russia |url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/242468/california-chrome-lands-first-winner-in-russia |website=BloodHorse.com |access-date=23 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> His first North American winner was a filly named Cilla, who won at [[Delaware Park Racetrack|Delaware Park]] on August 13, 2020, in her second start. That same year, she placed third in the [[Frizette Stakes]].<ref>{{cite web |title=California Chrome Sires First North American Winner |url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/242834/california-chrome-sires-first-north-american-winner |website=BloodHorse.com |access-date=23 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/244040/dayoutoftheoffice-rolls-to-victory-in-frizette |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=BloodHorse.com|title=Dayoutoftheoffice Rolls to Victory in Frizette}}</ref>

Cilla also became California Chrome's first black-type stakes winner when she won the 2021 Louisiana Legends Mademoiselle Stakes at [[Evangeline Downs]] and later won the [[Prioress Stakes]] at [[Saratoga Race Course]], becoming his first graded stakes winner.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/250667/cilla-first-black-type-winner-for-california-chrome |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=BloodHorse.com|title=Cilla First Black-Type Winner for California Chrome}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cilla Rallies In Stretch To Win Prioress At Saratoga - Horse Racing News {{!}} Paulick Report |url=https://paulickreport.com/news/thoroughbred-racing/cilla-rallies-in-saratoga-stretch-to-win-prioress/ |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=paulickreport.com}}</ref> Cilla was voted the 2021 Louisiana-Bred Horse of the Year and Champion Three-Year-Old Filly in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/259603/cilla-named-2021-louisiana-bred-horse-of-the-year |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=BloodHorse.com|title=Cilla Named 2021 Louisiana-Bred Horse of the Year}}</ref>

California Chrome also sired filly California Angel, winner of the 2021 [[Jessamine Stakes]] at [[Keeneland]], colt California Frolic, a winner of two black-type stakes at [[Gulfstream Park]], and colt Midnight Chrome, who finished third in the 2021 [[Remsen Stakes]] behind future Belmont Stakes winner [[Mo Donegal]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/254043/california-angel-rises-to-occasion-in-jessamine |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=BloodHorse.com|title=California Angel Rises to Occasion in Jessamine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=California Frolic wins tight finish in English Channel Stakes |url=https://www.drf.com/news/california-frolic-wins-tight-finish-english-channel-stakes |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=www.drf.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=» Hot Peppers scores in Belmont's Jersey Girl Stakes |url=https://www.obssales.com/2022/06/hot-peppers-scores-in-belmonts-jersey-girl-stakes/ |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=Ocala Breeders' Sales Company}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mo Donegal Wins Narrow Victory Over Zandon In Remsen - Horse Racing News {{!}} Paulick Report |url=https://paulickreport.com/news/mo-donegal-wins-narrow-victory-over-zandon-in-remsen/ |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=paulickreport.com}}</ref>

In 2024 the Kazakhstan-owned Kabirkhan won the Group 1 [[Al Maktoum Challenge (thoroughbreds)|Al Maktoum Challenge]] in Dubai giving California Chrome his first G1 progeny. Kabirkhan was sold for US$12,000 at the 2021 Keeneland Yearling Sale.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carasso |first=Alan |date=26 January 2024 |title=California Chrome's Kabirkhan Up To The 'Challenge' |url=https://www.thoroughbreddailynews.com/california-chromes-kabirkhan-up-to-the-challenge/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=TDN {{!}} Thoroughbred Daily News {{!}} Horse Racing News, Results and Video {{!}} Thoroughbred Breeding and Auctions |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==

California Chrome won many honors in 2014. A [[concurrent resolution]] in the [[California State Assembly]] recognized the "outstanding performance of California Chrome" and all of his connections including not only his owners and trainers, but also Willie Delgado and groom Raul Rodriguez.<ref name="ACR 161 text"/> The resolution passed both chambers of the legislature unanimously on August 14. It was the first time that the California Legislature had honored a racehorse.<ref name=Arrington14Aug/> The city of Fresno proclaimed October 11, 2014, as "California Chrome Day".<ref name=FresnoFair/> In March 2015, the Los Angeles Sports Council ranked California Chrome's Kentucky Derby and Preakness wins third at the LA Sports Awards' Sports Moment of 2014, behind only the [[Los Angeles Kings]] Stanley Cup win and [[Clayton Kershaw]]'s Cy Young and National League MVP Awards.<ref name="LA Sports"/>

Line 301 ⟶ 309:

California Chrome won the 2014 [[Secretariat Vox Populi Award]] given each year to recognize "the horse whose popularity and racing excellence best resounded with the American public and gained recognition for Thoroughbred racing."<ref name=Vox/> His Kentucky Derby win was named the [[National Thoroughbred Racing Association Moment of the Year|NTRA "Moment of the Year"]].<ref name=NTRA16Jan/> At the [[Eclipse Award]]s, he was named [[American Horse of the Year]] and [[American Champion Three-Year-Old Male Horse]]. He was the second California-bred to win Horse of the Year, the first since [[Tiznow]],<ref name=Hovdey21Jan15/> the first three-year-old to be Horse of the Year since [[Rachel Alexandra]],<ref name="NTRA Eclipse"/> and the first Kentucky Derby winner since [[Charismatic (horse)|Charismatic]].<ref name=Novak17Jan2015/> The [[California Thoroughbred Breeders' Association]] named him the 2014 [[California Horse of the Year|California-bred Horse of the Year]], Champion Cal-bred Three-Year-Old, and Turf Champion. Lucky Pulpit was named Champion Sire, Love the Chase was Champion Broodmare, Martin and Coburn were named Champion Breeders, and Sherman was named Trainer of the Year.<ref name=CTBA2/> In 2015, California Chrome was named Champion California-bred Older Male.<ref name=CalHOY/>

2016 saw the inauguration of the California Chrome Stakes, a {{frac|1|1|16}} mile race with an introductory purse of $150,000 for three-year-olds at Los Alamitos. The track created the race in recognition of the horse being stabled there as a home base since the beginning of 2014.<ref name=BH12Feb2016/> At the end of the season, he became a repeat winner of the Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year, becoming the first horse since [[John Henry (horse)|John Henry]] to win twice in non-consecutive years. He also was named [[American Champion Older Dirt Male Horse|Champion Older Dirt Male]].<ref name="Paulick21Jan"/> In addition, he once again won the NTRA moment of the year, this time for his 2016 Dubai World Cup win,<ref name="NTRA2017"/> and also won the Secretariat Vox Popili award for the second time.<ref name="Paulick19Dec"/>

==Fans and publicity==

Line 318 ⟶ 326:

An enthusiastic fan base supporting California Chrome became visible at the Santa Anita Derby, when someone invited the horse's supporters to join the owners in the winner's circle and over 100 people crammed into the area, including one woman dressed entirely in metallic foil.<ref name=Arrington24May/> Coburn told [[CNN]] of a supporter who had a jackass tattooed on his shoulder.<ref name=CNN2May/> An unofficial Twitter account for the horse, @CalChrome, was started by a 37-year-old fan from Florida, Shawn LaFata, had over 12,000 followers by Belmont week.<ref name=Zaccardi4June/> ''[[The New York Times]]'' noted the enthusiasm of the fans,<ref name=Hoppert3May2014/> who used the [[hashtag]] #Chromies on Twitter. LaFata believes the word "Chromies" first appeared on @CalChrome eight nights before the Kentucky Derby.<ref name=Zaccardi4June/> The humble origins of the horse and the people around him played a role in his popularity,<ref name=Arrington24May/> as did the horse's people-focused attitude.<ref name=Clark16May/> Supporters appeared to be further motivated by the continuing doubts raised by industry experts about California Chrome's ability.<ref name=Arrington24May/>

The horse had nationwide appeal, but California Chrome's core fan base was centered in the [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]] of California; the [[Sacramento]] television market ranked sixth in the nation for television viewership on Preakness day,<ref name=Arrington24May/> and third in the nation on Belmont day.<ref name=BH8June/> Prior to the Belmont, singer–songwriter team [[Templeton Thompson]] and Sam Gay wrote and recorded a song titled "Bring it on Home, Chrome"<ref name=ThompsonSong/> and a rap video featuring an elementary school children was released on [[YouTube]].<ref name=KidBlink/> Even after his Belmont loss, Harris Farms fielded many calls daily from fans wanting to visit the horse while he had a break from racing in June and July 2014.<ref name=Lintner1July/> In contrast to his admirers, California Chrome's image was somewhat diminished by the criticism that followed Coburn's post-Belmont comments.<ref name=Novak8June/> Additional negative press occurred when Martin turned down an offer to bring California Chrome to parade in the paddock at Del Mar on the day of the [[Pacific Classic]].<ref name=Zieralski10July/> [[NPR]]'s [[Frank Deford]] had little patience with the horse's story exemplifying the [[American dream]]; DeFord felt that the horse's victories would have little impact on the popularity of horse racing, which he viewed as "a sport that is struggling against time and culture" due to the prevalence of other types of gambling and the reduced impact of horses in the daily lives of most people.<ref name=DeFord4June/>

Overall, the press the horse received was viewed as giving a needed boost to the sport. Jockey and [[sports analyst]] [[Gary Stevens (jockey)|Gary Stevens]] noted prior to the Belmont, "I haven't heard Thoroughbred horse racing mentioned on CNN for a long time, and it was right at the top of the hour&nbsp;... He's brought us mainstream again for the first time in a lot of years."<ref name=Fixler6June/> Post-Belmont press analysis contended that California Chrome was the most popular Thoroughbred in America since [[Zenyatta]].<ref name=Stumes14June/> In December, when the horse was selected as the winner of the Secretariat Vox Populi Award, Coburn said, "We have always said Chrome is the 'People's Horse' and we are thrilled that the public feels the same way we do about him."<ref name=Vox/> In announcing the Moment of the Year, Keith Chamblin of NTRA stated, "the fans reminded us that nothing trumps an awesome performance by a legendary horse."<ref name=NTRA16Jan/> When the horse won the 2016 Vox Populi award, Perry Martin said, "I'm proud to witness the love and devotion of Chrome's fans. They've always seen what I've seen in him."<ref name="Paulick19Dec"/>

Line 325 ⟶ 333:

===Marketing===

Prior to the 2014 Belmont Stakes, California Chrome's owners filed a [[U.S. Patent and Trademark Office|patent application]] to trademark his name for use on athletic apparel,<ref name=Heitner21May/> and hired two talent agencies to help with marketing and sponsorships.<ref name=Rovell2June/> Following the "nasalgate" story, fans began to appear wearing human nasal strips or purple band-aids across their noses.<ref name=Arrington24May/> Working with the intellectual property attorney who had brokered deals for [[Smarty Jones]], California Chrome's owners gained an [[testimonial|endorsement]] deal with [[GlaxoSmithKline]], manufacturer of the human Breathe Right nasal strips.<ref name=Miller5June/> On Belmont day, GlaxoSmithKline gave away 50,000 of the strips at [[Belmont Park]].<ref name=BH5June/> [[Santa Anita Park|Santa Anita]], which [[simulcast]] the race, ran its own promotion, giving fans at that track purple nasal strips with the word "Chrome" on the front.<ref name=AP1June/> On June 2, the [[Skechers]] shoe company announced a sponsorship deal where the company's logo appeared on assorted items worn by the horse and his handlers, the company used California Chrome's image in its marketing,<ref name=Rovell2June/> and ran a half page ad featuring the horse in ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' at the end of June 2014.<ref name=Lintner1July/>

{{Clear}}

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|[[San Pasqual Handicap]]

| II

| [[Santa Anita Park]]

|0.60

|1:43.39

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|[[San Diego Handicap]]

| II

| [[Del Mar Racetrack]]

|0.80

|1:40.84

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! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;" | {{dts|format=mdy|2016|Oct|1}}

| 5

| {{ntsh|8.5}}{{frac|8|1|29}} 9 [[furlong]]s

|[[Awesome Again Stakes]]

| I

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| 6

| {{ntsh|9}} 9 [[furlong]]s

| [[Pegasus World Cup]]

|{{ntsh|1}}I

| [[Gulfstream Park]]

Line 847 ⟶ 855:

|fmf = [[Cozzene]]

|fmm = Lucky Spell

|mff = '''[[Mr Prospector]]*'''{{†|alt=4 x 3 inbreeding}}

|mfm = [[Dance Number]]

|mmf = Polish Numbers

Line 853 ⟶ 861:

|ffff = [[Seattle Slew]]

|fffm = [[Weekend Surprise]]

|ffmf = '''Mr Prospector*'''{{†|alt=4 x 3 inbreeding}}

|ffmm = Narrate

|fmff = [[Caro (horse)|Caro]]

Line 862 ⟶ 870:

|mffm = [[Gold Digger (horse)|Gold Digger]]

|mfmf = [[Northern Dancer]]

|mfmm = '''[[Numbered Account (horse)|Numbered Account]]*'''{{†|alt=4 x 4 inbreeding}}

|mmff = [[Danzig (horse)|Danzig]]

|mmfm = '''Numbered Account*'''{{†|alt=4 x 4 inbreeding}}

|mmmf = [[Sir Ivor]]

|mmmm = La Belle Fleur <small>([[Thoroughbred breeding theories|Family A4]])</small>

|}}

* California Chrome is [[inbreeding|inbred]] 4s × 3d to the stallion [[Mr Prospector]], meaning that he appears fourth generation on the sire side of his pedigree and third generation on the dam side of his pedigree. California Chrome is also inbred 4d × 4d to [[Numbered Account (horse)|Numbered Account]], meaning he appears fourth generation twice on the dam side of the pedigree.

:{{†}} indicates [[inbreeding]]

==See also==

* [[List of racehorses]]

==Notes==

{{notesnotelist}}

==References==

Line 936 ⟶ 947:

<ref name=Belmont>{{cite web |url=http://www.equibase.com/premium/eqbPDFChartPlus.cfm?BORP=P&STYLE=EQB&DAY=D&tid=BEL&dt=06/07/2014&ctry=USA&race=11 |title= Belmont Park – June 7, 2014 – Race 11 |publisher=Equibase|access-date=June 7, 2014 |date=June 7, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Beyer8June>{{cite webnews|last1=Beyer|first1=Andrew|title=California Chrome's owner clearly erred; Jockey Victor Espinoza might have, too|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/othersports/california-chromes-owner-clearly-erred-jockey-victor-espinoza-might-have-too/2014/06/08/87d8ab28-ef33-11e3-bf76-447a5df6411f_story.html?tid=hpModule_a4df998e-86a7-11e2-9d71-f0feafdd1394|worknewspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=June 11, 2014|date=June 8, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=BH19May>{{cite web|title='Chrome' Can Wear Nasal Strip in Belmont |url=http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/85173/chrome-can-wear-nasal-strip-in-belmont|work=Blood-Horse|access-date=May 19, 2014|date=May 19, 2014}}</ref>

Line 966 ⟶ 977:

<ref name=brisnet6Apr2014>{{cite web|author1=Staff|title=California Chrome dazzles in Santa Anita Derby|url=https://www.kentuckyderby.com/news/2014/04/05/california-chrome-dazzles-santa-anita-derby|publisher=Kentucky Derby|access-date=December 9, 2019|date=April 6, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Brisnet12May>{{cite web|last=Staff|title=Delgado: Chrome's 'a rock star and I am just a groupie'|date=May 12, 2014|url=http://brcdn.brisnet.com/content/2014/05/delgado-chromes-a-rock-star-and-i-am-just-a-groupie/|access-date=November 9, 2019}}</ref>

<ref name=Buckpasser>{{cite web|title=Buckpasser|url=http://www.equibase.com/profiles/Results.cfm?type=Horse&refno=66037&registry=T |publisher=Equibase |access-date=May 7, 2014}}</ref>

Line 980 ⟶ 991:

<ref name=Chairusmi>{{cite web|last=Chairusmi|first=Jim|title=Wicked Strong, California Chrome Triumph Ahead of Derby|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/dailyfix/2014/04/05/wicked-strong-california-chrome-triumph-ahead-of-derby/|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=April 16, 2014|date=April 5, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=ChicTrib2May>{{cite news|title=Kentucky Derby: California Chrome's bid takes trainer back in time |date=May 2, 2014 |work=Chicago Tribune |url=httphttps://articleswww.chicagotribune.com/2014-/05-/02/news/chi-kentucky-derby-chromecalifornia-20140502_1_santachromes-anitabid-derbytakes-kentuckytrainer-derbyback-churchillin-downstime/ |access-date=May 4, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Clark16May>{{cite webnews|last1=Clark|first1=Liz|title=Preakness Stakes: California Chrome trainer Art Sherman, 77, is on ride of a lifetime|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/othersports/preakness-stakes-california-chrome-trainer-art-sherman-77-is-on-ride-of-a-lifetime/2014/05/16/1266bbbc-dd3d-11e3-8009-71de85b9c527_story.html|worknewspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=June 3, 2014|date=May 16, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Clay12Apr2014>{{cite web|last=Clay|first=John|title=Derby picture clears up as Dance With Fate steps out |url=http://www.kentucky.com/2014/04/12/3193272/john-clay-derby-picture-clears.html|work=Lexington Herald-Leader|access-date=April 16, 2014|date=April 12, 2014}}</ref>

Line 988 ⟶ 999:

<ref name=Colors>{{cite web|url=http://www.equineline.com/Free-5X-Pedigree.cfm?page_state=ORDER_AND_CONFIRM&reference_number=1050660&registry=T&horse_name=Winning%20Colors&dam_name=All%20Rainbows&foaling_year=1985&nicking_stats_indicator=Y## |title=Winning Colors |publisher=Equineline|access-date=May 31, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Coomes>{{cite web|last=Coomes|first=Mark|title=So far, everything is coming up roses for California Chrome|url=http://insiderlouisville.com/lifestyle_culture/sports/far-everything-coming-roses-california-chrome/|work=Insider Louisville|access-date=May 1, 2014|date=April 14, 2014|archive-date=May 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502120645/http://insiderlouisville.com/lifestyle_culture/sports/far-everything-coming-roses-california-chrome/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name=Crispe30May>{{cite web|last1=Crispe|first1=James|title=Royal Ascot preparations continue for 'Boss of the Heath' California Chrome|url=https://www.thoroughbredracing.com/articles/royal-ascot-preparations-continue-boss-heath-california-chrome|website=Thoroughbred Racing Commentary|access-date=June 10, 2015|date=May 30, 2015}}</ref>

Line 1,000 ⟶ 1,011:

<ref name=CTBA26Aug>{{cite web|title=Love the Chase to be Sold|url=http://ctba.com/love-the-chase-to-be-sold/|website=California Thoroughbred Breeders' Association|access-date=February 16, 2017|date=August 26, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name=Davidowitz19May>{{cite web|last=Davidowitz|first=Steve|title=The challenge for California Chrome|url=httphttps://espnwww.goespn.com/horse-racing/story/_/id/10953476/the-triple-crown-challenge-california-chrome|publisher=ESPN|access-date=May 19, 2014|date=May 19, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=DeFord4June>{{cite web|last1=DeFord|first1=Frank|title=Will A Triple Crown Win Save Horse Racing? Don't Bet On It|url=https://www.npr.org/2014/06/04/318600984/will-a-triple-crown-win-save-horse-racing-dont-bet-on-it|publisher=NPR|access-date=June 4, 2014|date=June 4, 2014}}</ref>

Line 1,040 ⟶ 1,051:

<ref name=FresnoFair>{{cite web|author1=Fair PR |title=Celebrate California Chrome Day At The Big Fresno Fair Tomorrow, Oct. 11! |url=http://www.fresnofair.com/blog-entry/celebrate-california-chrome-day-big-fresno-fair-tomorrow-oct-11 |publisher=The Big Fresno Fair |access-date=October 20, 2014 |date=October 10, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021080144/http://www.fresnofair.com/blog-entry/celebrate-california-chrome-day-big-fresno-fair-tomorrow-oct-11 |archive-date=October 21, 2014 }}</ref>

<ref name=Gardner16Apr>{{cite web|last=Garder|first=Sam |title=It's a lock: California Chrome's owner guarantees Kentucky Derby win |url=http://msn.foxsports.com/horse-racing/story/california-chrome-has-connections-dreaming-of-kentucky-derby-victory-041614 |publisherwork=Fox Sports |access-date=April 16, 2014|date=April 16, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Gardner10May>{{cite web|last=Gardner|first=Sam|title=California Chrome turns Mother's Day into a bed of roses for Faye Sherman |url=http://msn.foxsports.com/horse-racing/story/californa-chrome-turns-mother-s-day-into-a-bed-of-roses-for-faye-sherman-050914 |publisherwork=Fox Sports |access-date=May 10, 2014 |date=May 9, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Gardner21May>{{cite web|last=Gardner|first=Sam|title=How a waitress came to pull California Chrome's name out of a hat |url=http://msn.foxsports.com/horse-racing/story/how-a-waitress-came-to-pull-california-chrome-s-name-out-of-a-hat-052114 |publisherwork=Fox Sports|access-date=May 24, 2014|date=May 21, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=GoldenState>{{cite web|url=http://www.equibase.com/premium/eqbPDFChartPlus.cfm?BORP=P&STYLE=EQB&DAY=D&tid=SA&dt=11/01/2013&ctry=USA&race=3 |title=Santa Anita Park – November 1, 2013 – Race 3 | format=PDF |publisher=Equibase |date=November 1, 2013 |access-date=April 8, 2014}}</ref>

Line 1,062 ⟶ 1,073:

<ref name=Harris30Apr>{{cite web|last=Harris|first=Beth|title=Kentucky Derby: California Chrome a colt nearly 6 decades in making for Art Sherman (Corrected version)|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/apr/30/correction-kentucky-derby-story/?page=all#pagebreak|work=The Washington Times|access-date=May 5, 2014|date=April 30, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Harris3May>{{cite web|title=California Chrome breaks away for Derby win |last=Harris |first=Beth |website=[[USA Today]] |agency=Associated Press|date=May 3, 2014|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/horseracing/2014/05/03/california-chrome-breaks-away-for-derby-win/8669267/|access-date=December 10, 2019}}</ref>

<ref name=Harris4May>{{cite web|last=Harris|first=Beth |title=California Chrome, trainer Art Sherman gear up for Preakness after Derby win |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/may/4/california-chrome-trainer-art-sherman-gear-preakne/?page=all#pagebreak |work=The Washington Times |access-date=May 5, 2014 |date=May 4, 2014}}</ref>

Line 1,110 ⟶ 1,121:

<ref name=Hoppert6June>{{cite web|last1=Hoppert|first1=Melissa|title=California Chrome's Crew|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/07/sports/triple-crown-contenders-biggest-fans-are-probably-the-people-inside-his-barn.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 7, 2014|date=June 6, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Howard6June>{{cite web|last1=Howard|first1=Johnette|title=Who is California Chrome?|url=httphttps://espnwww.goespn.com/new-york/story/_/id/11038525/belmont-stakes-california-chrome-mind-one-kind|publisher=ESPN New York|access-date=June 6, 2014|date=June 6, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="Hovdey29Apr">{{cite web|last1=Hovdey|first1=Jay|title=Meet the man who polishes the Chrome|url=http://www.drf.com/news/hovdey-meet-man-who-polishes-chrome|website=Daily Racing Form|access-date=November 6, 2016|date=April 29, 2014}}</ref>

Line 1,128 ⟶ 1,139:

<ref name=KD>{{cite web|title=Churchill Downs- May 3, 2014– Race 11|url=http://www.equibase.com/yearbook/Chart.cfm?tk=CD&rd=2014-05-03&rn=11&de=D&cy=USA|publisher=Equibase|access-date=May 4, 2014|date=May 3, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=KidBlink>{{cite web|title=California Chrome: A State of Mind|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDNJR0y0rJU| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211114/DDNJR0y0rJU| archive-date=2021-11-14 | url-status=live|publisher=YouTube|author=Kid Blink Productions|access-date=June 6, 2014|format=online video}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

<ref name=KingGlorious>{{cite web|url=http://www.equibase.com/premium/eqbPDFChartPlus.cfm?BORP=P&STYLE=EQB&DAY=D&tid=BHP&dt=12/22/2013&ctry=USA&race=10 |title=Betfair Hollywood Park – December 22, 2013 – Race 10 | format=PDF |publisher=Equibase |date=December 22, 2013 |access-date=April 8, 2014}}</ref>

Line 1,138 ⟶ 1,149:

<ref name=LaMarra28Oct>{{cite web|last1=LaMarra|first1=Tom|title=California Chrome Camp Likes Classic Chances|url=http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/88338/california-chrome-camp-likes-classic-chances|website=Blood-Horse|access-date=October 28, 2014|date=October 28, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="LA Sports">{{cite web|title=LA's Greatest Moments of 2014|url=https://secure.apolloi.com/lasports/app/awards.html|website=Los Angeles Sports Council|access-date=March 16, 2015|date=March 16, 2015|archive-date=April 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402161900/https://secure.apolloi.com/lasports/app/awards.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name=Layden28Apr>{{cite webmagazine|last=Layden|first=Tim|title=California Chrome: The Accidental Favorite|url=https://www.si.com/vault/2014/04/28/106457661/the-accidental-favorite|workmagazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=December 10, 2019 |date=April 28, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=LaydenMay1>{{cite webmagazine|last=Layden|first=Tim|title=At the Kentucky Derby, the race belongs to the jockeysl|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/more/news/20140501/kentucy-derby-jockeys/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507073828/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/more/news/20140501/kentucy-derby-jockeys/|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 7, 2014|workmagazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=November 9, 2019|date=May 1, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Layden2May>{{cite webmagazine|last=Layden|first=Tim|title=California Chrome is the horse to beat in the Kentucky Derby |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/more/news/20140502/kentucky-derby-picks/ |workmagazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=May 2, 2014|date=May 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507163248/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/more/news/20140502/kentucky-derby-picks/|archive-date=May 7, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Layden4May>{{cite webmagazine |last=Layden |first=Tim |url=https://harrisfarms.com/the-victory-of-california-chrome-and-the-magic-of-the-derby/ |title=The victory of California Chrome and the magic of the Derby| workmagazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=May 6, 2014|date=May 4, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Layden30May>{{cite webmagazine|last=Layden|first=Tim |title=California Chrome's quest for the Triple Crown|url=https://www.si.com/more-sports/2014/05/30/california-chrome-selectable

|workmagazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=May 30, 2014|date=May 30, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Layden3June>{{cite webmagazine|last1=Layden|first1=Tim|title=History Walks By: The story of California Chrome| url =https://www.si.com/more-sports/2014/06/03/layden-chrome-oral-history|workmagazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=June 6, 2014|date=June 3, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Layden29June2015>{{cite webmagazine|last1=Layden|first1=Tim|title=Kentucky Derby champ California Chrome facing uncertain future|url=https://www.si.com/horse-racing/2015/04/28/kentucky-derby-california-chrome|websitemagazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=June 8, 2015|date=April 29, 2015}}</ref>

<ref name=LintnerApr23>{{cite web|last=Lintner|first=Jonathan|title=Kentucky Derby update: Baffert praises California Chrome|url=http://www.courier-journal.com/story/sports/horses/2014/04/23/bafferet-high-on-california-chrome/8042225/|work=Courier-Journal|access-date=April 27, 2014 |date=April 23, 2014}}</ref>

Line 1,177 ⟶ 1,188:

<ref name=Manahan31May>{{cite web|last1=Manahan|first1=Kevin|title=Belmont Stakes 2014: California Chrome sharp in Saturday morning workout|url=http://www.nj.com/horse-racing/index.ssf/2014/05/belmont_stakes_2014_california_chrome_sharp_in_saturday_morning_workout.html|publisher=NJ.com|access-date=June 1, 2014|date=May 31, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Markus18May>{{cite web|last=Markus|first=Don|title=With Triple Crown a win away, California Chrome's competitors mull over their next move |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/horse-racing/preakness/bs-sp-preakness-challenger-0518-20140517,0,4213410.story|work=Baltimore Sun|access-date=May 20, 2014|date=May 18, 2014|archive-date=May 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521074732/http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/horse-racing/preakness/bs-sp-preakness-challenger-0518-20140517,0,4213410.story|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name=Marquardt18Sept>{{cite web|last1=Marquardt|first1=Lucas|title=Getting a Line On 'Chrome|website=Thoroughbred Daily News|url=http://www.thoroughbreddailynews.com/getting-a-line-on-chrome/|access-date=September 23, 2015|date=September 18, 2015}}</ref>

Line 1,211 ⟶ 1,222:

<ref name=Murray21May>{{cite web|last=Murray|first=Chris|title=10 things you might not know about California Chrome|url=http://www.courier-journal.com/story/sports/horses/triple/2014/05/20/things-might-know-california-chrome/2278110/|work=Courier-Journal|access-date=May 24, 2014|date=May 21, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=NBC30Apr>{{cite web|title=Kentucky Derby: California Chrome draws No. 5|url=http://www.nbcsports.com/horse-racing/kentucky-derby-california-chrome-draws-no-5|publisher=NBC Sports|access-date=April 30, 2014|format=video|date=April 30, 2014|archive-date=May 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502002920/http://www.nbcsports.com/horse-racing/kentucky-derby-california-chrome-draws-no-5|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name=NBC17May2014>{{cite web|title=California Chrome Two-Thirds of the Way to Triple Crown |url=http://www.nbcsports.com/horse-racing/triple-crown-recaps/california-chrome-two-thirds-way-triple-crown |publisher=NBC Sports |access-date=May 19, 2014 |author=Brisnet.com |date=May 17, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518141514/http://www.nbcsports.com/horse-racing/triple-crown-recaps/california-chrome-two-thirds-way-triple-crown |archive-date=May 18, 2014 }}</ref>

Line 1,217 ⟶ 1,228:

<ref name=NBC18May>{{cite web|title=Nasal strip could clog Chrome's Triple Crown bid |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/horseracing/2014/05/18/nasal-strip-could-clog-chromes-triple-crown-bid/9246839/ |agency=Associated Press |publisher=USAToday |access-date=December 10, 2019 |date=May 18, 2014 }}</ref>

<ref name=NBC4June>{{cite web |author=Staff |title=California Chrome Draws Post No. 2 for Triple Crown Try at Belmont Stakes |url=https://www.dailylocal.com/sports/california-chrome-draws-post-no-for-belmont/article_30804403-d406-59cf-976a-a6a1c517285f.html |publisher=NBC Sports |access-date=December 12, 2019 |date=June 4, 2014 |archive-date=December 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212051442/https://www.dailylocal.com/sports/california-chrome-draws-post-no-for-belmont/article_30804403-d406-59cf-976a-a6a1c517285f.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name=Novak28Apr>{{cite web|last=Novak|first=Claire|title=California Chrome arrives|url=httphttps://espnwww.goespn.com/horse-racing/triplecrown2014/story/_/id/10852862/california-chrome-arrives-churchill-downs|publisher=ESPN| access-date=April 30, 2014|date=April 28, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Novak2May>{{cite web|last=Novak|first=Claire|title=Kentucky Derby Preview: Bring it Home, Chrome|url=http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/84795/kentucky-derby-preview-bring-it-home-chrome|work=Blood-Horse|access-date=May 2, 2014|date=May 2, 2014}}</ref>

Line 1,243 ⟶ 1,254:

<ref name=Numbered>{{cite web|title=Numbered Account |url=http://www.equineline.com/Free-5X-Pedigree.cfm?page_state=ORDER_AND_CONFIRM&reference_number=354188&registry=T&horse_name=Numbered%20Account&dam_name=Intriguing&foaling_year=1969&nicking_stats_indicator=Y##|publisher=Equineline |access-date=May 7, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Nuzzo24May>{{cite web|last=Nuzzo|first=Regina |author-link= Regina Nuzzo |url=httphttps://espnwww.goespn.com/horse-racing/story/_/id/10973676/science-california-chrome-nasal-strip-espn-magazine |title=Straight from the horse's nose |publisher=ESPN|access-date=May 27, 2014|date=May 24, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=NYSGaming>{{cite web |title=Joint Statement from the New York State Gaming Commission, NYRA and The Jockey Club Regarding the Use of Nasal Strips |url=http://www.gaming.ny.gov/pdf/05.19.14.StewardsNasalStripsDecision.pdf |publisher=NYS Gaming Commission|access-date=May 19, 2014|date=May 19, 2014}}</ref>

Line 1,263 ⟶ 1,274:

<ref name="Paulick29Jan">{{cite web|author1=Staff|title=Update: California Chrome Shows Fluid In Right Knee After Pegasus World Cup - |url=http://www.paulickreport.com/news/pegasus-world-cup/california-chrome-shows-fluid-right-knee-pegasus-world-cup/|website=Paulick Report|access-date=January 30, 2017|language=en|date=January 29, 2017}}</ref>

<ref name=Pedulla19June>{{cite web|last1=Pedulla|first1=Tom|title=California Chrome off for some rest and relaxation|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/horse-racing/story/california-chrome-off-for-some-rest-and-relaxation-061914|publisherwork=Fox Sports|access-date=June 19, 2014|date=June 19, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Pegasus>{{cite web|title=Gulfstream Park – January 28, 2017 - Race 12|url=https://www.equibase.com/yearbook/Chart.cfm?tk=GP&rd=2017-01-28&rn=12&de=D&cy=USA}}</ref>

Line 1,317 ⟶ 1,328:

<ref name=Rogers3May>{{cite web|last=Rogers |first=Darren |title=California Chrome Cruises to Victory in 140th Kentucky Derby before Crowd of 164,906 |url=http://www.kentuckyderby.com/news/2014/05/03/california-chrome-cruises-victory-140th-kentucky-derby-crowd-164906 |publisher=Kentuckyderby.com |access-date=May 31, 2014|date=May 3, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Rovell2June>{{cite web|last1=Rovell|first1=Darren|title=Skechers signs California Chrome|url=httphttps://espnwww.goespn.com/horse-racing/triplecrown2014/story/_/id/11018673/california-chrome-signs-first-major-marketing-deal-shoe-brand-skechers |publisher=ESPN|access-date=May 2, 2014|date=May 2, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="Russo20Jan">{{cite web|last1=Russo|first1=Nicole|title=Taylor Made preparing to put California Chrome on fast track|url=http://www.drf.com/news/taylor-made-preparing-put-california-chrome-fast-track|website=Daily Racing Form|access-date=February 16, 2017|language=en}}</ref>

Line 1,336 ⟶ 1,347:

<ref name=Schwartz>{{cite web|last=Schwartz|first=Ian|title=California Chrome's Owners Back In Yuba City, Ready To Continue Horse's Success |url=http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2014/05/07/california-chrome-owners-back-in-yuba-city-ready-to-continue-horses-success/ |publisher=CBS Sacramento |access-date=May 8, 2014 |date=May 7, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Scoby1May>{{cite web|last=Scoby|first=Ashley|title=Winner's Circle of Friends|url=httphttps://www.espn.go.com/espnw/news-commentary/articlestory/_/id/10868037/espnw-kentucky-derby-favorite-california-chrome-already-won-hearts-owners-denise-martin-carolyn-coburn|publisher=ESPNW |access-date=May 5, 2014|date=May 1, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=Shinar25March2014>{{cite web|last=Jack Shinar|title=California Chrome Shines Again in San Felipe|url=http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/83728/california-chrome-shines-again-in-san-felipe |work=Blood-Horse |date=March 8, 2014|access-date=March 25, 2014}}</ref>

Line 1,354 ⟶ 1,365:

<ref name=Shinar29Nov>{{cite web|last1=Shinar|first1=Jack|title=California Chrome Sparkles in Hollywood Derby|url=http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/88971/california-chrome-sparkles-in-hollywood-derby|website=Blood Horse|access-date=November 29, 2014|date=November 29, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=29AprSI>{{cite web |last=Staff |title=California Chrome wakes up for pre-Derby gallop |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/california-chrome-wakes-pre-derby-gallop |agency=Associated Press |access-date=April 30, 2014 |archive-date=July 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726065450/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/california-chrome-wakes-pre-derby-gallop |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="Sporting Life 28Mar">{{cite web|author1=Staff|title=Prince Rules The World|url=http://www.sportinglife.com/racing/report/664646/prince-rules-the-world|website=Sporting Life|publisher=Sky Sports|access-date=March 28, 2015|date=March 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307030435/http://www.sportinglife.com/racing/report/664646/prince-rules-the-world|archive-date=March 7, 2016}}</ref>

Line 1,366 ⟶ 1,377:

<ref name=Sullivan15May>{{cite web|last=Sullivan|first=Tim|title=First 70 yards foremost in Sherman's mind|url=http://www.courier-journal.com/story/sports/columnists/sullivan/2014/05/15/tim-sullivan-first-yards-foremost-shermans-mind/2145516/ |work=Courier-Journal|access-date=May 19, 2014|date=May 15, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="TaylorChrome">{{cite web|title=California Chrome - Taylor Made Stallions|url=http://www.taylormadestallions.com/horses/california-chrome-24702.html|website=Taylor Made Stallions|access-date=January 29, 2017|archive-date=January 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130124335/http://www.taylormadestallions.com/horses/california-chrome-24702.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name=ThompsonSong>{{cite web|last1=Thompson|first1=Templeton|title=Bring it on Home, Chrome|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdQS08KqqFE| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211114/vdQS08KqqFE| archive-date=2021-11-14 | url-status=live|publisher=YouTube|access-date=June 2, 2014|format=music video|date=May 24, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

<ref name=ThoroughbredHeritage>{{cite web|title=Family 21: Moonah Barb Mare |url=http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricDams/EngFoundationMares/Family21/Family21.html |publisher=Thoroughbred Heritage|access-date=June 4, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=tower>{{cite journalmagazine|first=Whitney |last=Tower |url=https://www.si.com/vault/1959/06/01/604020/the-man-the-horse-and-the-deal-that-made-history |title=The Man, The Horse And The Deal That Made History |journalmagazine=Sports Illustrated |date=June 1, 1959 |access-date=June 10, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name=UnbridledSong>{{cite web|title=Unbridled's Song| url=http://www.equineline.com/Free-5X-Pedigree.cfm?page_state=ORDER_AND_CONFIRM&reference_number=1392779&registry=T&horse_name=Unbridled's%20Song&dam_name=Trolley%20Song&foaling_year=1993&nicking_stats_indicator=Y |publisher=Equineline |access-date=May 29, 2014}}</ref>

Line 1,400 ⟶ 1,411:

<ref name=Winter>{{cite web|title=Los Alamitos Race Course - December 17, 2016 - Race 9|url=http://www.equibase.com/premium/chartEmb.cfm?track=LRC&raceDate=12/17/2016&cy=USA&rn=9|website=Equibase|access-date=January 28, 2017|date=December 17, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name=Yurong>{{cite web|last=Yurong|first=Dale|title=Valley horse rates as favorite to win Kentucky Derby|url=httphttps://abclocal.goabc30.com/kfsnarchive/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=9525558/|publisher=KFSN-TV, abc30.com|access-date=May 7, 2014|date=May 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508030629/http://abclocal.go.com/kfsn/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=9525558|archive-date=May 8, 2014|url-status=deadlive}}</ref>

<ref name=Zaccardi4June>{{cite web|last1=Zaccardi|first1=Nick|title=How Exactly Do You Become a 'Chromie'?|url=http://www.nbcsports.com/horse-racing/countdown-triple-crown/how-exactly-do-you-become-chromie|publisher=NBC Sports|access-date=June 6, 2014|date=June 4, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140606064832/http://www.nbcsports.com/horse-racing/countdown-triple-crown/how-exactly-do-you-become-chromie|archive-date=June 6, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Line 1,418 ⟶ 1,429:

* {{cite video |title=Baffert Done Challenging California Chrome |url=http://www.hrtv.com/videos/baffert-done-challenging-california-chrome/ |publisher=HRTV |access-date=May 19, 2014 |medium=online video |date=May 17, 2014 |ref={{sfnRef|HRTV17May}} |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519223802/http://www.hrtv.com/videos/baffert-done-challenging-california-chrome/ |archive-date=May 19, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}

* {{cite book|last1=Drape|first1=Joe|title=The Race for the Triple Crown: Horses, High Stakes, and Eternal Hope|date=2002 |publisher=Grove Press |isbn=978-0-8021-9645-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PE25eRuXs94C | edition=reprint|ref={{sfnref|Drape2002}} }}

* {{cite video|title=Espinoza Has Great rapport With California Chrome|url=http://www.hrtv.com/videos/espinoza-has-great-rapport-with-california-chrome/?VideoCategoryId=0|publisher=HRTV.com|access-date=May 19, 2014|medium=online video|date=March 9, 2014|ref={{sfnRef|HRTV19Mar}}|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519222143/http://www.hrtv.com/videos/espinoza-has-great-rapport-with-california-chrome/?VideoCategoryId=0|archive-date=May 19, 2014|df=mdy-all}}

* {{cite video |url=http://grantland.com/features/its-not-crazy-its-sports-chrome/ |title=It's Not Crazy, It's Sports: 'Chrome'|publisher= ESPN films|access-date=March 8, 2015|medium=online video|date=March 6, 2015| ref={{sfnRef|Grantland}} }}

Line 1,430 ⟶ 1,441:

{{Commons category}}

*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iFG9isQpzs "Growing Up California Chrome", video of California Chrome as a young horse]

*[https://vimeo.com/album/3544089/video/93859140 Video of California Chrome in the starting gate at the Kentucky Derby]

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140715031602/https://cbsnewyork.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/450243824.jpg Photo of post- Belmont hoof injury of California Chrome],[https://twitter.com/EspinozasVictor/status/475459148126359552/photo/1 and close-up]

*[http://www.drf.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/article_main/photos/BL14.California%20Chrome.Matterhorn.start01.6-7-14.DRO_.jpg Daily Racing Form photo of Matterhorn and California Chrome at start]

Line 1,436 ⟶ 1,447:

{{Kentucky Derby Winners}}

{{Preakness Stakes Winners}}

{{American Horse of the Year winners}}

[[Category:2011 racehorse births]]