Captain America: The Winter Soldier: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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'''''Captain America: The Winter Soldier''''' is a 2014 American [[superhero film]] based on the [[Marvel Comics]] character [[Captain America]], produced by [[Marvel Studios]] and distributed by [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]. It is the sequel to ''[[Captain America: The First Avenger]]'' (2011) and [[List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films|the ninth film]] in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU). The film was directed by [[Russo brothers|Anthony and Joe Russo]] from a screenplay by the writing team of [[Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely]]. It stars [[Chris Evans (actor)|Chris Evans]] as [[Steve Rogers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Steve Rogers / Captain America]] alongside [[Scarlett Johansson]], [[Sebastian Stan]], [[Anthony Mackie]], [[Cobie Smulders]], [[Frank Grillo]], [[Emily VanCamp]], [[Hayley Atwell]], [[Toby Jones]], [[Jenny Agutter]], [[Robert Redford]], and [[Samuel L. Jackson]]. In the film, ~~Captain America~~Rogers joins forces with [[Natasha Romanoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|~~Black~~Natasha ~~Widow~~Romanoff]] (Johansson) and [[Sam Wilson (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|~~Falcon~~Sam Wilson]] (Mackie) to uncover a conspiracy within the spy agency [[S.H.I.E.L.D.]] while facing a mysterious assassin known as the [[Bucky Barnes (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Winter Soldier]] (Stan).

Markus and McFeely began writing the sequel around the release of ''The First Avenger'' in July 2011. The script draws from [[The Winter Soldier (story arc)|the Winter Soldier story arc]] in the comic books written by [[Ed Brubaker]] ~~as well as~~and [[conspiracy fiction]] from the 1970s such as ''[[Three Days of the Condor]]'' (1975). The film explores S.H.I.E.L.D., similarly to how the first film explored the U.S. military, after Rogers was shown working for the agency in the MCU crossover film ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' (2012). The Russo brothers signed to direct in June 2012, and casting began the following month. Filming began in April 2013 in Los Angeles, California, before moving to Washington, D.C., and [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]]. ~~The~~Though the directors used [[practical effect]]s and intense stunt work, ~~but also~~ 2,500 visual effects shots were created by six companies.

''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' premiered at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles]], on March 13, 2014, and was released in the United States on April 4, as part of [[Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Two|Phase Two]] of the MCU. The film received positive reviews from critics, with praise for the performances, action sequences, storyline, and themes. The film was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects]]. It grossed $714 million worldwide, making it the [[2014 in film#Highest-grossing films|seventh-highest-grossing film of 2014]]. A sequel titled ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'', also directed by the Russos, was released in 2016.

== Plot ==

Two years after the [[Battle of New York (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Battle of New York]],{{efn|As depicted in ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' (2012)<ref name="CapTWSSynopsis1" />}} [[Steve Rogers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Steve Rogers]] works in [[Washington, D.C.]], for the espionage agency [[S.H.I.E.L.D. (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|S.H.I.E.L.D.]], while adjusting to contemporary society. During a mission alongside Agent [[Natasha Romanoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Natasha Romanoff]] and S.H.I.E.L.D.'s [[counter-terrorism]] [[S.T.R.I.K.E. (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|S.T.R.I.K.E.]] team led by Agent [[Brock Rumlow (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Brock Rumlow]] to free hostages aboard a S.H.I.E.L.D. vessel from pirates led by [[Georges Batroc (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Georges Batroc]], Rogers discovers Romanoff has another assignment: to extract data from the ship's computers.

Returning to the [[Triskelion (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Triskelion]], S.H.I.E.L.D.'s headquarters, Rogers confronts Director [[Nick Fury (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Nick Fury]] and is briefed about Project Insight: three [[Helicarriers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Helicarriers]] linked to spy satellites, designed to eliminate threats preemptively. Unable to decrypt Romanoff's data, Fury becomes suspicious about Insight and asks senior S.H.I.E.L.D. official and Secretary of Internal Security [[Alexander Pierce (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Alexander Pierce]] to delay the project. On his way to rendezvous with [[Maria Hill (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Maria Hill]], Fury is ambushed by assailants led by an assassin called the Winter Soldier. Escaping to Rogers' apartment, Fury warns him that S.H.I.E.L.D. is compromised but is shot by the Winter Soldier before handing Rogers a [[USB flash drive|flash drive]] containing the ship's data. Fury is pronounced dead during surgery, and Hill recovers the body.

Pierce summons Rogers to the Triskelion. When Rogers withholds Fury's information, Pierce brands him a fugitive. Hunted by S.T.R.I.K.E., Rogers meets with Romanoff. Using the data, they discover a secret S.H.I.E.L.D. bunker in New Jersey, where they activate a [[supercomputer]] containing the [[mind uploading|preserved consciousness]] of [[Arnim Zola (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Arnim Zola]]. Zola reveals that after being captured by Rogers during [[World War II]],{{efn|As depicted in ''[[Captain America: The First Avenger]]'' (2011)}} he [[Operation Paperclip|was recruited]] to S.H.I.E.L.D., where he secretly reformed [[Hydra (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Hydra]] within its ranks, sowing global chaos using the Winter Soldier as their primary assassin. The pair narrowly escapes death when a S.H.I.E.L.D. missile destroys the bunker, and they realize that Pierce is Hydra's leader within S.H.I.E.L.D. Rogers and Romanoff enlist the help of [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|VA]] employee and former [[United States Air Force Pararescue|USAF pararescueman]] [[Sam Wilson (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Sam Wilson]], whom Rogers befriended, and acquire a powered "[[EXO-7 Falcon|Falcon]]" [[Wingsuit flying|wingpack]] used by Wilson while he was in the Air Force.

They capture S.H.I.E.L.D. agent [[Jasper Sitwell (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Jasper Sitwell]], a Hydra [[Mole (espionage)|mole]], forcing him to divulge that Zola developed a [[data- mining]] algorithm that can identify individuals becoming future threats to Hydra. The Insight Helicarriers will sweep the globe using satellite guns to eliminate the threat. Sitwell is killed in an ambush by the Winter Soldier, whom Rogers recognizes as [[Bucky Barnes (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Bucky Barnes]], his longtime best friend previously thought dead; he had survived due to Zola's experimentation and has been repeatedly brainwashed and cryogenically frozen to perform Hydra's missions. Hill manages to extract the trio to a safehouse where Fury, who had faked his death, plans to sabotage the Helicarriers by replacing their controller chips.

After the [[World Security Council]] members arrive for the Helicarriers' launch, Rogers broadcasts Hydra's plot to everyone at the Triskelion. Romanoff, disguised as one of the Council members, disarms Pierce. Fury arrives and forces Pierce to unlock S.H.I.E.L.D.'s database so Romanoff can leak classified information, exposing Hydra to the public. Following a struggle, Fury fatally shoots Pierce. Rogers and Wilson raid two Helicarriers and replace the controller chips, but Barnes destroys Wilson's suit and fights Rogers on the third. Rogers fends him off and replaces the final chip, allowing Hill to take control and have the vessels destroy each other.

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In a [[mid-credits scene]], at a Hydra lab, [[Wolfgang von Strucker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Baron Wolfgang von Strucker]] and his scientists examine an energy-filled scepter{{efn|Identified off-screen as [[Loki's scepter|the scepter]] used by [[Loki (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Loki]] in ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]''.<ref name="CraveLoki" />}} and two test subjects: one with [[Speedster (fiction)|superhuman speed]], the other with [[Psychokinesis|telekinetic powers]].{{efn|Identified off-screen as [[Pietro Maximoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Pietro]] and [[Wanda Maximoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wanda Maximoff]].<ref name="OlsenTaylorJohnson" />}} In a post-credits scene, Barnes visits his own memorial at the [[Smithsonian Institution]].

== Cast ==

[[File:Captain America The Winter Soldier cast by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|The cast and crew of ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' at the 2013 [[San Diego Comic-Con]] (L-R: producer [[Kevin Feige]], VanCamp, Mackie, Smulders, Jackson, Johansson, directors [[Russo brothers|Anthony and Joe Russo]], Evans, Grillo, Stan)]]

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* [[Cobie Smulders]] as [[Maria Hill (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Maria Hill]]: A high-ranking S.H.I.E.L.D. agent who works closely with Nick Fury.<ref name="Grillo" /> Smulders said she performed some of her own stunts in the film, explaining, "I try to do my own stunts whenever I can. You're only allowed to do certain stunts. There is an amazing team of stunt people that do most of the work in this film. But, I studied a lot of [[tae kwon do]]. I also did a lot of training just with weapons because I'm not very comfortable around guns. I had to get comfortable because that's my character's thing... I like to get really physical so I feel empowered when I am on set and even though you don't see it on screen, maybe I am taking people out that you don't see off camera."<ref name="Smulders" />

* [[Frank Grillo]] as [[Brock Rumlow (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Brock Rumlow]]: The commander of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s counter-terrorism [[S.T.R.I.K.E. (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|S.T.R.I.K.E.]] team.<ref name="Grillo2" /> Grillo hinted in a June 2014 interview about the character's return in the sequel with the alter-ego [[Crossbones (character)|Crossbones]].<ref name="GrilloCollider" /> Grillo signed a seven-film deal.<ref name="GrilloSevenFilms" />

* [[Emily VanCamp]] as [[Sharon Carter (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Sharon Carter / Agent 13]]: A S.H.I.E.L.D. agent assigned to guard Rogers without his knowledge.<ref name="StitchKingdom" /><ref name="Sharon Carter" /> About the character, VanCamp said, "I play Agent 13 / Sharon Carter which everyone knows but we don't really touch on that in this film. We're just sort of introducing her. When we first see her we realize she's living next to Captain America... they sort of have a little thing going on and as we all know in the comic books they had a love affair off and on for years. They had a very complicated relationship. It's almost as if they are planting the seeds now. Sort of leaving room to go wherever they want to go with it."<ref name="ScreenRant" /> Regarding her casting, Joe Russo said, "We wanted someone that Cap would have an immediate interest in. It had to be a strong-willed person, and we felt that Emily's work on ''[[Revenge (TV series)|Revenge]]'' (2011–2015) was a great test tube for what this character could be. She's obviously very credible with physicality, she holds the screen really well, and she even looks like the character from the books."<ref name="Nylon" />

* [[Hayley Atwell]] as [[Peggy Carter (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Peggy Carter]]: A retired military agent with the Strategic Scientific Reserve and co-founder of S.H.I.E.L.D. who is a former love interest of Steve Rogers.<ref name="Marvel.com" /> On receiving the script, Atwell realized the character "would be 96, and I would be up to the eyeballs in [[Prosthetic makeup|prosthetics]]."<ref name="HeyYouGuysAtwell" /> The visual effects team was not satisfied with the initial make-up used to make Atwell look older, and eventually resorted to aging her through CGI methods.<ref name=Fxguide/>

* [[Toby Jones]] as [[Arnim Zola (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Arnim Zola]]: A [[Hydra (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Hydra]] scientist from World War II.<ref name="Jones" />

* [[Jenny Agutter]] as [[Pamela Hawley|Hawley]]: A member of the [[World Security Council]].<ref name="Agutter" />

* [[Robert Redford]] as [[Alexander Pierce (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Alexander Pierce]]: A senior official within S.H.I.E.L.D.,<ref name="Marvel.com" /> member of the World Security Council, and old comrade of [[Nick Fury (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Nick Fury]].<ref name="Jackson2" /> Redford was cast in part as an homage to his roles in 1970s thrillers such as ''[[Three Days of the Condor]]'',<ref name="EW" /> and for what the directors described as "an acting legend playing a villainous role" akin to [[Henry Fonda]] in ''[[Once Upon a Time in the West]]'' (1968).<ref name="AudioCommentary" /> As to what attracted him to the film, Redford said it interested him by being different from his usual work,<ref name="Redford2" /> and that he "wanted to experience this new form of filmmaking that's taken over where you have kind of cartoon characters brought to life through high technology".<ref name="Redford3" />

* [[Samuel L. Jackson]] as [[Nick Fury (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Nick Fury]]: The director of S.H.I.E.L.D.<ref name="Jackson" /> Regarding Fury's questionable code of ethics, Jackson said, "Almost everything that comes out of Nick Fury's mouth is a lie in some sense. He has to ask, is he even lying to himself, too? He has a very good idea of what's going on but his paranoia keeps him from believing some of it."<ref name="SlashFilm" /> Jackson added, "You see Nick Fury the office guy, him going about the day-to-day work of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the politics as opposed to that other stuff. It's great to have him dealing with Captain America in terms of being able to speak to him soldier to soldier and try to explain to him how the world has changed in another way while he was frozen in time. Some of the people who used to be our enemies are now our allies—him trying to figure out, 'Well, how do we trust those guys?' or 'How do we trust the guys that you didn't trust who don't trust you?' And explaining to him that the black and white of good guys/bad guys has now turned into this gray area."<ref name="Jackson2" /> McFeely said, "Fury represents an obstacle for Steve in some ways. They don't always agree on how S.H.I.E.L.D. ought to be used."<ref name="IGNMar2014pg3" /> The writers gave Fury a more prominent role in ''The Winter Soldier'', since within a plot featuring S.H.I.E.L.D. being dismantled, Fury would "take the brunt of it". They also intended on depicting a character that had so far been depicted as a self-assured, commanding man as vulnerable, to enhance the sense of danger in the Hydra conspiracy.<ref name="AudioCommentary" />

Additionally, [[Maximiliano Hernández]] and [[Garry Shandling]] reprise their roles from previous MCU films as [[Jasper Sitwell (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Jasper Sitwell]] and Senator [[Stern (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Stern]], respectively.<ref name="Hernandez" /><ref name="Shandling" /> [[Georges St-Pierre]] plays [[Georges Batroc (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Georges Batroc]], a mercenary and a master of the French form of kickboxing known as [[savate]].<ref name="St-Pierre" /><ref name="St-Pierre2" /> [[Callan Mulvey]] plays [[Jack Rollins (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Jack Rollins]], a member of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s S.T.R.I.K.E. unit.<ref name="Mulvey" /><ref name="Mulvey2" /> In addition to Agutter, [[Chin Han (actor, born 1969)|Chin Han]], [[Alan Dale]], and [[Bernard White (actor)|Bernard White]] appear as members of the World Security Council.<ref name="TwitchFilm" /><ref name="EWReferenceGuide" /> Comedic actors [[Danny Pudi]]<ref name="EWReferenceGuide" /> and [[DC Pierson]]<ref name="RussoCameo" /> have small roles as a S.H.I.E.L.D. technician and an [[Apple Store]] employee, respectively. [[Gary Sinise]] narrates a Captain America-themed [[Smithsonian Institution]] exhibit, and [[Stan Lee]] cameos as a security guard there.<ref name="EWReferenceGuide" /> Winter Soldier creator [[Ed Brubaker]] makes a cameo as a scientist working on the Winter Soldier.<ref name="Russos" /><ref name="BrubakerCameo" /> Co-director Joe Russo cameos as a doctor,<ref name="RussoCameo" /> and writers Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely cameo as two S.H.I.E.L.D. interrogators. [[Thomas Kretschmann]], [[Henry Goodman]], [[Aaron Taylor-Johnson]], and [[Elizabeth Olsen]] ~~appear,~~make uncredited, appearances as Baron [[Wolfgang von Strucker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wolfgang von Strucker]], [[Dr. List]], [[Pietro Maximoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Pietro Maximoff]], and [[Wanda Maximoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wanda Maximoff]], respectively, in the mid-credits scene.<ref name="Kretschmann" /><ref name="OlsenTaylorJohnson" /><ref name="GoodmanCapTWS" />

== Production ==

=== Development ===

{{quote box|align=right|width=33%|quote=We hired our directors on ''Cap'' because they loved our explanation that we really want to make a '70s [[political thriller]] masquerading as a big superhero movie. Just like with [[Captain America: The First Avenger|the first film]]—we got [[Joe Johnston]] because we said, "We want to do a '40s [[World War II]] movie masquerading as a big superhero movie." I love that we're doing a sequel to a film that's a completely different genre than the first film. I think that's fun. And the comics do it all the time.|source=—Kevin Feige, producer of ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier''<ref name="SFX" />}}

In April 2011, before ''[[Captain America: The First Avenger]]'' was released in theaters, screenwriters [[Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely]] announced that Marvel had already hired the duo to work on the film's sequel.<ref name="MTV" /> In September 2011, [[Chris Evans (actor)|Chris Evans]], who portrayed [[Steve Rogers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Steve Rogers / Captain America]] in ''The First Avengers'', said that a sequel might not be released until 2014.<ref name="IndieWire" /> In January 2012, [[Neal McDonough]], who played [[Dum Dum Dugan (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Dum Dum Dugan]] in ''~~Captain America:~~ The First Avenger'', mentioned that a sequel would likely be filmed after the completion of ''[[Thor: The Dark World]]'' (2013), which would likely have been before the end of 2012.<ref name="McDonough" /> By March 2012, Marvel whittled down the possible directors for the sequel to three candidates: [[George Nolfi]], [[F. Gary Gray]], and brothers [[Russo brothers|Anthony and Joseph Russo]].<ref name="NYMag" /> [[Walt Disney Studios (production)|Walt Disney Studios]] announced the planned release of the sequel to ''~~Captain America:~~ The First Avenger'' on April 4, 2014. Disney said, "The second installment will pick-up where ... ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' (2012) leaves off, as Steve Rogers continues his affiliation with [[Nick Fury (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Nick Fury]] and [[S.H.I.E.L.D. (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|S.H.I.E.L.D.]] and struggles to embrace his role in the modern world."<ref name="LATimes" /> Markus later elaborated, "I think S.H.I.E.L.D. is the water [Rogers is] swimming in. It's definitely a [[Captain America]] movie. You know, if the first movie was a movie about the US Army, then this is a movie about S.H.I.E.L.D... You will learn about S.H.I.E.L.D. You will learn about where it came from and where it's going and some of the cool things they have."<ref name="IGNMar2014pg3" /> In April, F. Gary Gray withdrew his name from consideration, choosing instead to direct the [[N.W.A]] biographical film ''[[Straight Outta Compton (2015 film)|Straight Outta Compton]]'' (2015).<ref name="Deadline" />

==== Writing ====

McFeely said the writing began in the middle of 2011, around the release of ''The First Avenger'', with him and Markus "noodling on in hopes that there would be a second one and we did a lot of just throwing stuff at the wall and seeing what stuck".<ref name=SlashFilm3/> The first few months of writing were a back and forth process with Marvel, but after an outline was finished, the story did not change much.<ref name="MarkusMcFeelyApril2013SlashFilm" /> They opted to set the story in the present day, and, after "experimenting with flashback elements for more period World War II stuff",<ref name="ScreenJunkies" /> decided to abandon the flashbacks as "it became unwieldy."<ref name=SlashFilm3/> The film would be "Cap versus the world we all live in today",<ref name="Vulture" /> while averting excessive comedy regarding the hero's time displacement, as Markus considered the Captain "the most adaptive man on the planet."<ref name=SlashFilm3/> The tone would be more grounded in reality despite the advanced technology to contrast the fantasy elements from both the first ''Captain America'' and ''The Avengers''.<ref name="Vulture" /> Despite that, the comic book origins guaranteed that the film would have no [[Verisimilitude (narrative)|verisimilitude]].<ref name="AudioCommentary" /> This still proved a challenge in the reveal of [[Arnim Zola (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Arnim Zola]], that had to be extensively rewritten to convey how "this grounded espionage paranoid thriller suddenly screeches to a halt and you switch gears really quickly with this [[ghost in the machine]]" that introduces more science fiction elements.<ref name="EmpireSecrets" />

Markus and McFeely wanted to adapt [[Ed Brubaker]]'s [[The Winter Soldier (story arc)|Winter Soldier storyline]] from the comics, which they described as "the tone of Cap's modern franchise",<ref name="SFXAug2014" /> but it took the duo six months to convince themselves they could do it.<ref name="SlashFilm2" /> In the meantime, while thinking how to progress from the [[war film]] tone of ''The First Avenger'', the writers settled on the [[Conspiracy fiction|conspiracy genre]] for the screenplay, and cited ''[[Three Days of the Condor]]'' (1975), ''[[The Parallax View]]'' (1974), and ''[[Marathon Man (film)|Marathon Man]]'' (1976) as influences, feeling it better conveyed Captain America's trust issues and contrasting values in the new world he was living in,<ref name="SlashFilm2" /> with Markus saying, "If you put that [[1940s]] man into present day geo-politics everything is going to seem like a conspiracy. It's just going to seem dirty and underhanded and shifty, and people won't be telling the truth."<ref name="SFXAug2014" /> ''Three Days of the Condor'' in particular was used as the main source of the script structure, following the idea that the protagonist is being chased by a threat they, along with the audience, only discover halfway through the film.<ref name="AudioCommentary" />

The writers felt this approach was similar to how [[Stan Lee]] reinvented Captain America in the [[1960s]] and [[1970s]], with "the Captain dealing with all sorts of the same things that the country [was] dealing with—[[Vietnam War|Vietnam]], [[Watergate scandal|Watergate]] and all that stuff—so he gets to have opinions on that", thus making the "guy who is ostensibly from the more black and white 1940s react to this ultimately grey world that we live in."<ref name="SuperheroHypeMarkusMcFeely" /> Marvel Studios president [[Kevin Feige]] described the film as a [[political thriller]],<ref name="Variety" /> and as the duo struggled to figure out a third act, Feige suggested that S.H.I.E.L.D. be brought down and have Captain America fight the agency. The writers thought this was a great story point, for implementing "the physical manifestation of Cap changing the world."<ref name="DenWriters" /> Markus even noted how the 1970s comics had similar conspiracies.<ref name="SFXAug2014" /> The Hydra reveal made sure to include returning characters among the undercover villains, as well as references to the comics such as ~~Arnim~~ Zola being kept alive as a machine.<ref name="Vulture" /> Feige later elaborated on the political thriller nature of the film saying, <blockquote>In our attempt to make all of our films feel unique and feel different we found ourselves going back to things like [''Three Days of the Condor'']. Also the other political thrillers of the '70s: ''The Parallax View'', ''[[All the President's Men (film)|All the President's Men]]'' (1976). This was a time that Cap existed in the comics. He found himself in the swinging '60s followed by the [[Watergate scandal|Watergate]] Era followed by the [[Reagan Era]] followed by where we are today. In the comics it was a hell of a journey for Steve. And we couldn't take him through those years because in our cinematic universe he was asleep. But we wanted to force him to confront that kind of moral conundrum, something with that '70s flavor. And in our film that takes the form of S.H.I.E.L.D.<ref name="Empire" /></blockquote>

Feige said that Steve Rogers would be paired with other characters from ''The Avengers'' like [[Natasha Romanoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow]] and [[Nick Fury ~~(Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Nick Fury]]~~, because unlike [[Tony Stark (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Tony Stark]] and [[Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thor]], who could return to their own supporting casts, Rogers had nowhere else to go, "and it just made sense that he was the one that stayed with what remains of the Avengers at the end of the film."<ref name="MTV3" /> The writers considered including [[Clint Barton (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Clint Barton / Hawkeye]],–who ~~but~~was played by [[Jeremy Renner]] in ''[[Thor (film)|Thor]]'' (2011) and '' The Avengers''–but "he didn't have enough to do and suddenly it seemed like we were giving him short shrift", leading all of his parts to be fulfilled by Black Widow,<ref name="SFXAug2014" /> and Joe Russo added that ~~[[Jeremy~~ Renner]]'s schedule could not be worked out for him to appear.<ref name="RussoHawkeye" /> As to why ~~the~~ [[Red Skull (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Johann Schmidt / Red Skull]] from ''The First Avenger'' did not appear in ''The Winter Soldier'', Joe Russo explained, "I know we have a guy in a computer, but the tone we were chasing was sort of that conspiracy thriller. And we wanted to try and ground the movie as much as we could. And Red Skull, he's a fantastical character and didn't necessarily fit for ''Cap 2'' and especially because it was about the fall of S.H.I.E.L.D. Certainly [[Hydra (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Hydra]] exists and that's his legacy, but there's something interesting about the fact that his legacy outlived the skull. And they're still dealing with the demons of it, but not necessarily him."<ref name="RedSkull" /> [[Chris McKenna (writer)|Chris McKenna]], who worked with the Russo brothers on the [[sitcom]] ''[[Community (TV series)|Community]]'' (2009–2014), contributed to the script by writing jokes for the film.<ref name="McKenna" /> The inclusion of the passage "[[Book of Ezekiel|Ezekiel]] 25:17" on Fury's tombstone references the character [[Jules Winnfield]], from the 1994 film ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'', also played by [[Samuel L. Jackson]].<ref name="PulpFiction" />

=== Pre-production ===

{{quote box|align=left|width=33%|quote=It's hard to make a political film that's not topical. That's what makes a political thriller different from just a thriller. And that's what adds to the characters' paranoia and the audience's experience of that paranoia. But we're also very pop-culture-obsessed and we love topicality, so we kept pushing to [have] scenes that, fortunately or unfortunately, played out <nowiki>[</nowiki>during the time that Edward<nowiki>]</nowiki> [[Edward Snowden|Snowden]] outed the [[National Security Agency|NSA]]. That stuff was already in the zeitgeist. We were all reading the articles that were coming out questioning [[Unmanned combat air vehicle|drone strikes]], pre-emptive strikes, civil liberties—[[Barack Obama|[Barack] Obama]] talking about who they would kill... We wanted to put all of that into the film because it would be a contrast to [Captain America]'s [[Greatest Generation|greatest-generation]] [way of thinking].|source=—Anthony Russo, co-director of ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier''<ref name="Lovece" />}}

By June 2012, the Russo brothers entered negotiations to direct the sequel,<ref name="Deadline2" /> and ~~[[Samuel L.~~ Jackson]] was confirmed to return as S.H.I.E.L.D. leader Nick Fury.<ref name="Jackson" /> Feige sought out the Russos after watching the genre-parodying [[For a Few Paintballs More|season 2 finale of ''Community'']] which Joe directed,<ref name="NYTimes" /><ref name="WashPost" /> and for the additional ideas they brought to the initial story pitch.<ref name="IGNMar2014pg2" /> Joe Russo detailed that since the intent was for a political thriller, "all the great political thrillers have very current issues in them that reflect the anxiety of the audience." Thus, the brothers opted to include references to [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone warfare]], [[targeted killing]] and [[global surveillance]]. Joe even noted how during [[principal photography]], the issues became more topical due to the disclosure of several [[National Security Agency]] [[Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)|surveillance-related documents]].<ref name="MotherJones" /> At the 2012 [[San Diego Comic-Con ~~International~~]], it was announced that the official title for the sequel was ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'', and that the Russo brothers would direct the film.<ref name="Newsarama" /> After signing on to direct, the Russo brothers met with Ed Brubaker to learn more about where the Winter Soldier character came from, his thinking and the themes behind the character.<ref name="IGNMar2014pg4" /> In July 2012, [[Anthony Mackie]] entered negotiations to star as [[Sam Wilson (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Sam Wilson / Falcon]] alongside ~~Chris~~ Evans in the sequel.<ref name="StanMackie" /> At that time, [[Sebastian Stan]] was also confirmed to be reprising his role as [[Bucky Barnes (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|~~James~~Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier]] from ''The First Avenger'' in the film.<ref name="StanMackie" />

In September 2012, ~~Chris~~ Evans said filming would begin in March 2013.<ref name="Collider" /> ~~Evans~~He also said that Rogers' adjustment to the modern world, which was originally set to be included in ''The Avengers'', would be better suited for ''~~Captain America:~~ The Winter Soldier''.<ref name="Collider2" /> At the end of the month, The Greater Cleveland Film Commission announced that ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' would film in [[Cleveland]], Ohio after the production was approved for a $9.5 million [[tax credit]].<ref name="Cleveland" /> Producer Nate Moore said that after also serving as a location in ''The Avengers'', [[Government of Cleveland|Cleveland's government]] was helpful in providing large locations for filming, which "provided production value which we probably could not have built in a backlot." McFeely joked that while writing ambitious action scenes "I did not realize a great American metropolis would say 'Sure, shut down three miles of freeway and go to town'."<ref name="FrontlineFeaturette" /> Portions of the film were also scheduled to be shot in California and [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name="Cleveland" /><ref name="Washington" /> By October, [[Emilia Clarke]], [[Jessica Brown Findlay]], [[Teresa Palmer]], [[Imogen Poots]], [[Alison Brie]], and [[Mary Elizabeth Winstead]] were being considered for Rogers' love interest in the film,<ref name="Deadline3" /><ref name="WinsteadHolloway">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-14 |title=Mary Elizabeth Winstead and Josh Holloway Up for CAPTAIN AMERICA 2? {{!}} Collider |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |url=http://collider.com/captain-america-2-sequel-mary-elizabeth-winstead/202550/ |access-date=2024-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014151512/http://collider.com/captain-america-2-sequel-mary-elizabeth-winstead/202550/ |archive-date=October 14, 2012 }}</ref> and [[Scarlett Johansson]] was brought back to reprise her role as Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow.<ref name="Deadline3" /> Later in the month, [[Frank Grillo]] was testing for the role of [[Brock Rumlow (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Brock Rumlow]] in the film,<ref name="Collider3" /> and by the end of the month, Grillo closed a deal to portray the character and [[Cobie Smulders]] signed on to reprise her role as [[Maria Hill (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Maria Hill]] from ''The Avengers''.<ref name="Grillo" /> [[Nikolaj Coster-Waldau]], [[Josh Holloway]], and [[Kevin Durand]] were also considered for the role of Rumlow.<ref name="WinsteadHolloway" />

In January 2013, [[Hayley Atwell]], who played [[Peggy Carter (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Peggy Carter]] in ''The First Avenger'', said that she would not appear in the sequel.<ref name="TimeOut" /> However, [[Stanley Tucci]], who played Dr. [[Abraham Erskine (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Abraham Erskine]] in the previous film, later said that Atwell would reappear in a flashback scene.<ref name="Collider5" /> Also in January, Marvel Studios announced that the film would be released in 3D, and Anthony Mackie said filming would begin on April 1, 2013.<ref name="3D" /><ref name="ColliderMackie" /> Later that month, [[Toby Jones]], who portrayed Arnim Zola in the first film, said that he would reprise the role in the sequel.<ref name="Jones" /> By the end of the month, stages were being built for a shoot at [[Raleigh Studios|Raleigh Manhattan Beach Studios]] in [[Los Angeles]].<ref name="Collider4" /> In February 2013, [[Emily VanCamp]] entered negotiations to play a female lead in the film.<ref name="VanCamp" /> [[Karen Gillan]] also auditioned for the role of Sharon Carter; Gillan would subsequently portray the [[Guardians of the Galaxy (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Guardians of the Galaxy]] member [[Nebula (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Nebula]] in the MCU.<ref name="~~Gillan~~ MCUReignVFExcerpt" /> By March 2013, [[Maximiliano Hernández]] was signed to reprise his role as S.H.I.E.L.D. agent [[Jasper Sitwell (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Jasper Sitwell]] from ''Thor'' and ''The Avengers'' and [[Robert Redford]] entered in talks to join the cast, as a high-ranking member of S.H.I.E.L.D.,<ref name="Hernandez" /><ref name="Redford" /> which he later confirmed.<ref name="Redford2" /> Toward the end of March, [[UFC]] fighter [[Georges St-Pierre]] was cast as a[[Georges ~~character~~Batroc ~~based~~(Marvel onCinematic ~~the~~Universe)|Georges ~~comics' [[~~Batroc ~~the Leaper~~]] in the film.<ref name="St-Pierre" /> [[Powers Boothe]] was asked to reprise his role as [[Gideon Malick]] from ''[[The Avengers ~~(2012 film)|The Avengers]]~~'', but was unable to due to working on ''[[Nashville (2012 TV series)|Nashville]]'' (2012–2018).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/rogues-gallery-powers-boothe/|title=Powers Boothe On His Most Villainous Roles|author=De Semlyen, Nick|date=May 15, 2017|publisher=empireonline.com|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109045541/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/rogues-gallery-powers-boothe/|archive-date=November 9, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>▼

By October, [[Emilia Clarke]], [[Jessica Brown Findlay]], [[Teresa Palmer]], [[Imogen Poots]], [[Alison Brie]], and [[Mary Elizabeth Winstead]] were being considered for Rogers' love interest in the film,<ref name="Deadline3" /><ref name="WinsteadHolloway">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-14 |title=Mary Elizabeth Winstead and Josh Holloway Up for CAPTAIN AMERICA 2? {{!}} Collider |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |url=http://collider.com/captain-america-2-sequel-mary-elizabeth-winstead/202550/ |access-date=2024-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014151512/http://collider.com/captain-america-2-sequel-mary-elizabeth-winstead/202550/ |archive-date=October 14, 2012 }}</ref> and [[Scarlett Johansson]] was brought back to reprise her role as [[Natasha Romanoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Black Widow]].<ref name="Deadline3" /> Later in the month, [[Frank Grillo]] was testing for the role of the villain [[Crossbones (comics)|Crossbones]] in the film,<ref name="Collider3" /> and by the end of the month, Grillo closed a deal to portray the character and [[Cobie Smulders]] signed on to reprise her role as [[Maria Hill (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Maria Hill]] from ''The Avengers''.<ref name="Grillo" /> [[Nikolaj Coster-Waldau]], [[Josh Holloway]], and [[Kevin Durand]] were also considered for the role of Crossbones.<ref name="WinsteadHolloway" />

In January 2013, [[Hayley Atwell]], who played Peggy Carter in ''Captain America: The First Avenger'', said that she would not appear in the sequel.<ref name="TimeOut" /> However, [[Stanley Tucci]], who played Dr. [[Abraham Erskine]] in the previous film, later said that Atwell would reappear in a flashback scene.<ref name="Collider5" /> Also in January, Marvel Studios announced that the film would be released in 3D, and Anthony Mackie said filming would begin on April 1, 2013.<ref name="3D" /><ref name="ColliderMackie" /> Later that month, [[Toby Jones]], who portrayed [[Arnim Zola]] in the first film, said that he would reprise the role in the sequel.<ref name="Jones" /> By the end of the month, stages were being built for a shoot at [[Raleigh Studios|Raleigh Manhattan Beach Studios]] in [[Los Angeles]].<ref name="Collider4" />

▲In February 2013, [[Emily VanCamp]] entered negotiations to play a female lead in the film.<ref name="VanCamp" /> [[Karen Gillan]] also auditioned for the role of Sharon Carter.<ref name="Gillan " /> By March 2013, [[Maximiliano Hernández]] was signed to reprise his role as S.H.I.E.L.D. agent [[Jasper Sitwell (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Jasper Sitwell]] from ''Thor'' and ''The Avengers'' and [[Robert Redford]] entered in talks to join the cast, as a high-ranking member of S.H.I.E.L.D.,<ref name="Hernandez" /><ref name="Redford" /> which he later confirmed.<ref name="Redford2" /> Toward the end of March, [[UFC]] fighter [[Georges St-Pierre]] was cast as a character based on the comics' [[Batroc the Leaper]] in the film.<ref name="St-Pierre" /> [[Powers Boothe]] was asked to reprise his role as [[Gideon Malick]] from ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'', but was unable to due to working on ''[[Nashville (2012 TV series)|Nashville]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/rogues-gallery-powers-boothe/|title=Powers Boothe On His Most Villainous Roles|author=De Semlyen, Nick|date=May 15, 2017|publisher=empireonline.com|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109045541/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/rogues-gallery-powers-boothe/|archive-date=November 9, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Captain America's uniform was altered from the ones seen in previous films, with a Kevlar-based ballistic component that would protect Captain America but at the same time function like a military uniform.<ref name="StitchKingdom" /> Joe Russo said, "We wanted to use his Super Soldier outfit from the [''Steve Rogers: Super Soldier'' series] as a way to represent, thematically, his place in the world of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the difference between working for S.H.I.E.L.D. and being Captain America."<ref name="SFXCostume" /> For the Falcon costume, the filmmakers were interested in adding more of a tactical design than was represented in the comic books, by including real-world webbing, straps and gear and stripping away the more comic book elements.<ref name="StitchKingdom" />

=== Filming ===

[[File:Captain America- The Winter Soldier filming on the Mall.jpg|thumb|Film set for ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' on the [[National Mall]]]]

[[Principal photography]] began on April 1, 2013, at the Raleigh Manhattan Beach Studios in Los Angeles, under the [[working title]] ''Freezer Burn''.<ref name="FilmingBegins" /> Scenes taking place on the ''[[Features of the Marvel Cinematic Universe#Ships|Lemurian Star]]'' were filmed on the ''[[Sea Launch Commander]]'', docked in [[Long Beach, California]].<ref name="FrontlineFeaturette" /> In early May, [[Dominic Cooper]] confirmed he would return to reprise his role as [[Howard Stark (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Howard Stark]] from ''The First Avenger'' in the film.<ref name="Cooper" /> On May 14, 2013, production moved to Washington, D.C., with filming taking place at the [[National Mall]] and the [[Theodore Roosevelt Bridge]].<ref name="NBCWashington" /> The following day, [[Garry Shandling]] was spotted on set reprising his ''[[Iron Man 2]]'' (2010) role of Senator Stern.<ref name="Shandling" /> Other filming locations in Washington, D.C., included the [[Willard Hotel]] and [[Dupont Circle]].<ref name="DCist" /> Filming in Cleveland began on May 17 and was scheduled to last until mid-June with locations scheduled on the [[West Shoreway]], the Southerly Wastewater Treatment Plant in [[Cuyahoga Heights, Ohio|Cuyahoga Heights]] and the Lakeview Cemetery Dam.<ref name="Cleveland2" /> Cleveland was chosen as a stand-in for Washington, D.C., with the city's East 6th Street doubling as 7th and D Streets in [[Southwest (Washington, D.C.)|Southwest D.C.]]<ref name="Cleveland3" /> Other locations in Cleveland included the [[Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland]], the [[Cleveland Public Library]], [[Cleveland State University]], the [[Cleveland Arcade]], [[Tower City Center]], the [[Cleveland Museum of Art]], and the [[Western Reserve Historical Society]].<ref name="Cleveland3" /><ref name="Cleveland4" /><ref name="Cleveland5" /><ref name="Cleveland6" /><ref name="Cleveland7" /> Interior shots were also filmed inside private homes and the [[Pilgrim Congregational Church (Cleveland, Ohio)|Pilgrim Congregational Church]] in [[Tremont, Cleveland|Tremont]].<ref name="Cleveland8" /> Filming in Cleveland concluded on June 27, 2013.<ref name="Cleveland9" />

[[Trent Opaloch]], best known for his work on ''[[District 9]]'' (2009) and ''[[Elysium (film)|Elysium]]'' (2013), was brought in as the [[director of photography]]. Opaloch said that while attempting to emulate the 1970s thrillers that served as inspiration for the writers and directors, the staging and lighting tried to bring realism through "classic framing and naturalistic lighting", and the filming was done with [[hand-held camera]]s. To achieve this, Opaloch used [[Arri Alexa]] Plus 4:3 cameras with [[Panavision]] [[anamorphic format|anamorphic]] lenses and [[Codex Digital]] recorders.<ref name="Codex" /> Stunt work aimed for realistic action, prioritizing practical effects. The fight scenes were staged for months, with a choreography that aimed to highlight Captain America's superhuman qualities, and "move away from impressionistic action into specificity": the raid on the S.H.I.E.L.D. vessel had stealthiness as the Captain knocked out enemies to avert detection, and the freeway fight with Winter Soldier was more "last minute" to highlight the characters' struggle to survive.<ref name="FrontlineFeaturette" /> In contrast to the quick editing and moving cameras of modern action films, ''The Winter Soldier'' aimed to feature longer action scenes that felt more visceral and dangerous.<ref name="AudioCommentary" /> The Russos mentioned the bank robbing scene of ''[[Heat (1995 film)|Heat]]'' (1995) as a major influence, which they described as "the most intense eight minutes of filmmaking I've seen in a movie theater",<ref name="FrontlineFeaturette" /> and action scenes directed by [[Brian De Palma]], such as the vault heist in ''[[Mission: Impossible (film)|Mission: Impossible]]'' (1996) where "very likable characters are put in impossible situations that the audience is put on the edge on how they'd escape". Examples of these types of scenes include the ambushes on Nick Fury in the street and Captain America in the elevator.<ref name="AudioCommentary" />▼

Filming in Cleveland began on May 17 and was scheduled to last until mid-June with locations scheduled on the [[West Shoreway]], the Southerly Wastewater Treatment Plant in [[Cuyahoga Heights, Ohio|Cuyahoga Heights]] and the Lakeview Cemetery Dam.<ref name="Cleveland2" /> Cleveland was chosen as a stand-in for Washington, D.C, with the city's East 6th Street doubling as 7th and D Streets in [[Southwest (Washington, D.C.)|Southwest D.C.]]<ref name="Cleveland3" /> Other locations in Cleveland included the [[Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland]], the [[Cleveland Public Library]], [[Cleveland State University]], the [[Cleveland Arcade]], [[Tower City Center]], the [[Cleveland Museum of Art]], and the [[Western Reserve Historical Society]].<ref name="Cleveland3" /><ref name="Cleveland4" /><ref name="Cleveland5" /><ref name="Cleveland6" /><ref name="Cleveland7" /> Interior shots were also filmed inside private homes and the [[Pilgrim Congregational Church (Cleveland, Ohio)|Pilgrim Congregational Church]] in [[Tremont, Cleveland|Tremont]].<ref name="Cleveland8" /> Filming in Cleveland concluded on June 27, 2013.<ref name="Cleveland9" />

=== Post-production ===▼

▲[[Trent Opaloch]], best known for his work on ''[[District 9]]'' and ''[[Elysium (film)|Elysium]]'', was brought in as the [[director of photography]]. Opaloch said that while attempting to emulate the 1970s thrillers that served as inspiration for the writers and directors, the staging and lighting tried to bring realism through "classic framing and naturalistic lighting", and the filming was done with [[hand-held camera]]s. To achieve this, Opaloch used [[Arri Alexa]] Plus 4:3 cameras with [[Panavision]] [[anamorphic format|anamorphic]] lenses and [[Codex Digital]] recorders.<ref name="Codex" /> Stunt work aimed for realistic action, prioritizing practical effects. The fight scenes were staged for months, with a choreography that aimed to highlight Captain America's superhuman qualities, and "move away from impressionistic action into specificity": the raid on the S.H.I.E.L.D. vessel had stealthiness as the Captain knocked out enemies to avert detection, and the freeway fight with Winter Soldier was more "last minute" to highlight the characters' struggle to survive.<ref name="FrontlineFeaturette" />

In contrast to the quick editing and moving cameras of modern action films, ''The Winter Soldier'' aimed to feature longer action scenes that felt more visceral and dangerous.<ref name="AudioCommentary" /> The Russos mentioned the bank robbing scene of ''[[Heat (1995 film)|Heat]]'' as a major influence, which they described as "the most intense eight minutes of filmmaking I've seen in a movie theater",<ref name="FrontlineFeaturette" /> and action scenes directed by [[Brian De Palma]], such as the vault heist in ''[[Mission: Impossible (film)|Mission: Impossible]]'', where "very likable characters are put in impossible situations that the audience is put on the edge on how they'd escape". Examples of these types of scenes include the ambushes on Nick Fury in the street and Captain America in the elevator.<ref name="AudioCommentary" />

▲===Post-production===

[[File:Hayley Atwell aging VFX in Captain America The Winter Soldier.jpg|thumb|left|Hayley Atwell as Peggy Carter before (top) and after (bottom) she was digitally altered to appear older in the film]]

Additional photography was filmed in December 2013 and January 2014,<ref name="Reshoots" /> in order for the Russos to accurately show the state of each character after the defeat of S.H.I.E.L.D., having read the script of ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]'' (2015) to guide their choices.<ref name="AudioCommentary" /> [[Joss Whedon]], director of ''The Avengers'' and ''~~Avengers:~~ Age of Ultron'', wrote and directed the [[post-credits scene|mid-credits scene]],<ref name="PostCredits" /> which featured [[Elizabeth Olsen]] as [[Wanda Maximoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wanda Maximoff]], [[Aaron Taylor-Johnson]] as [[Pietro Maximoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Pietro Maximoff]],<ref name="OlsenTaylorJohnson" /> and [[Thomas Kretschmann]] as Baron [[Wolfgang von Strucker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wolfgang von Strucker]].<ref name="Kretschmann" /> The title sequences were created by design firm Sarofsky, who had worked with the Russos since ''Community''. Sarofsky collaborated with comic book artist [[David W. Mack]] on the sequences.<ref name="ScreenMagCredits" />

Anthony Mackie said the Russo brothers relied on minimal use of [[computer-generated imagery]], stating, "The Russos, what they did that was so great was, they wanted to stay with live action, which is a dying art form. If they can build it, they built it. If we could do it, we did it. They wanted to do as little CGI as possible. That's why the movie looks so great."<ref name="MTV2" /> Nevertheless, six special effects companies were involved in creating the visual effects of the film, including [[Industrial Light & Magic]] (ILM), [[Scanline VFX]], [[Lola Visual Effects]], [[Luma Pictures]], Whiskytree and [[The Embassy Visual Effects|The Embassy]], with [[previsualization]] completed by Proof.<ref name="Fxguide" /> The film contained 2,500 visual effects shots, with 900 worked on by ILM.<ref name="ILM" /> The film featured extensive use of [[Virtual actor|digital doubles]]. Russell Earl, ILM visual effects supervisor, said, "The character that we did the most work on was Falcon. We knew we were going to do CG wings. We also did some shots with wires and some with stunt doubles and head replacement. And we needed a very good digital double."<ref name="ILM" />

The Helicarriers in the film were completely digital. Earl said, "In [''The Avengers''] it was more like an aircraft carrier, now it's an aircraft carrier with the addition of battle ship-sized guns. We were all over the carriers [with the virtual camera]. We were on the decks; we were flying next to them. We had a lot of close ups and different angles. And we didn't just have one; we had three. On top of that, we had to destroy them all." This CGI environment was also used in close ups. Earl said, "The challenge was to get in all of the detail to make it feel like it is a real, working ship. We created details down to the railings and all the human-scale stuff. ... For the shots in which we were destroying them, we had to have the internals as well—the hallways, the storage areas."<ref name="ILM" /> Many of the shots of Washington, D.C., were digitally created due to [[Prohibited airspace#United States|numerous flight restrictions in the city]] which necessitated that locations be recreated by computer.<ref name="ILM" /> However, aerial footage of the city was filmed and used for live action plate photography for shots involving the Triskelion, which is located on [[Theodore Roosevelt Island]] on the Potomac River.<ref name="Fxguide" />

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350 different versions of the film were made, to accommodate for the different formats it would be released in domestically, while also accounting for international localization and formats. The versions had to be completed in 17 days, versus a normal turnaround time of three to four weeks for contemporary films, to make its theatrical release date.<ref name="DifferentVersions" /> One of the various changes for localization was the contents of Captain America's notebook list seen at the beginning of the film. The first five items were different depending on where the film was released, while the final five items were the same across all prints.<ref name="NotebookList" /> Marvel held online polls allowing fans to select the items featured in each country's release.<ref name="NotebookFeaturette" />

== Music ==

In June 2013, [[Henry Jackman]] announced that he would compose the film's [[Sheet music|score]].<ref name="Jackman" /> About the score Jackman said, "...it's 50% production and all the tricks I've learnt from spending years in the record industry but then it's also got the kind of injection of symphonic, thematic, heroic music that all kind of merges into one musical, and hopefully coherent piece".<ref name="Jackman2" /> A soundtrack album was released by [[Hollywood Records]] on April 1, 2014.<ref name="soundtrack" />

== Marketing ==

In July 2013, Marvel Studios released a teaser poster depicting a damaged and discolored Captain America shield.<ref name="Teaser" /> The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' said, "the image suggests that [Captain America] might see some serious battle in the sequel" while ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' said, "the image hints at darker themes in the sequel".<ref name="LATimes2" /><ref name="RollingStone" /> Later that month, Marvel Studios head and producer Kevin Feige, directors Joe and Anthony Russo, and cast members Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Samuel L. Jackson, Sebastian Stan, Anthony Mackie, Cobie Smulders, Emily VanCamp, and Frank Grillo held a panel at the 2013 San Diego Comic-Con ~~International~~ and presented footage from the film.<ref name="SDCC" /> In addition, Marvel had booths depicting a [[Smithsonian]]-type exhibit showing Captain America and the [[Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos|Howling Commandos]] from ''Captain America: The First Avenger''.<ref name="Smithsonian" /> At the end of the month, audiences were shown a glimpse of the film along with some of Marvel's other [[Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Two|Phase Two]] slate of films at [[Disney XD|Disney XD's]] Disney Fandom event.<ref name="DisneyFan" />

In August 2013, Feige, Evans, Stan, and Mackie presented a clip of the film at Disney's [[Disney D23|D23 Expo]].<ref name="THR" /> In September 2013, Marvel announced that it is again partnering with [[Harley-Davidson]], continuing their relationship from ''Captain America: The First Avenger'', with Captain America riding the company's [[Softail]] Breakout motorcycle in the film.<ref name="Harley" />

[[File:Captain America 2 press conference.jpg|thumb|left|Jackson, Johansson, Evans, and the Russo brothers promoting the film in Paris in March 2014]]

In October 2013, Marvel released the first trailer for ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier''. ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' said, "it looks like it'll live up to the 'political thriller' that's been promised for months now."<ref name="THR2" /> ''Los Angeles Times'' said, "[the] trailer runs 2½ minutes and teases plenty of action, conspiracy and clever banter between Captain America and his S.H.I.E.L.D. colleagues, with a smattering of the previously released Comic-Con International and D23 footage."<ref name="LATimes3" /> ''Los Angeles Times'' also noted that the day before the release of the trailer, the studio released "a teaser for a trailer."<ref name="LATimes4" /> The trailer received 23.5 million views in the 24 hours after its release.<ref name="TrailerViews" /> In November 2013, [[Jed Whedon]], the co-creator of the television series ''[[Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.]]'' (2013–2020), said that there were plans to reference events from the film into the show, stating, "Nick Fury is in [''Captain America: The Winter Soldier''], and S.H.I.E.L.D. makes an appearance, so we will definitely try to tee-up some stuff and probably play a little bit of the fallout from that film."<ref name="TVGuide" />

In January 2014, Disney announced that in honor of the film, Captain America would be making appearances at [[Disneyland]].<ref name="Disneyland" /> The meet and greet experience opened March 7, 2014 and is called ''Captain America: The Living Legend and Symbol of Courage'', located at [[Innoventions (Disneyland)|Innoventions]] in [[Tomorrowland (Disney Parks)|Tomorrowland]].<ref name="Disneyland2" /> Also in January, Marvel Comics released a prelude [[digital comic]] titled, ''Marvel's Captain America: The Winter Soldier Infinite Comic'', written by [[Peter David]], with art by Rock-He Kim.<ref name="Prelude" /> The comic sees the return of the "Zodiac", the mysterious weapon first seen in the [[Marvel One-Shots|One-Shot]] ''[[Agent Carter (film)|Agent Carter]]'' (2013), which has fallen into the wrong hands. Captain America, Black Widow, and Rumlow must track the weapon down and put it back in S.H.I.E.L.D. protection.<ref name="Prelude2" />

The first televised advertisement for ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' aired during [[Super Bowl XLVIII]] on February 2, 2014. According to ''The Hollywood Reporter'', Disney paid over $4 million per 30-second spot.<ref name="SuperBowl" /> The ''Los Angeles Times'' said, "The clip promoting the April 4 release had a recognizably melancholy tone as Chris Evans' patriotic hero grapples with the moral ambiguities of the modern age."<ref name="SuperBowl2" /> Also in February, [[Gameloft]] announced that a mobile video game, titled ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier – The Official Game'', would be released in conjunction with the release of the film in late March 2014 for [[iOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] platforms.<ref name="Game" /> A few days later [[General Motors]] announced that [[Chevrolet]] partnered with Marvel Entertainment and provided a specially designed [[Chevrolet Corvette (C7)|Corvette Stingray C7]] for use by the Black Widow in the film. The vehicle debuted at the 2014 [[Chicago Auto Show]], where fans received limited-edition Captain America comic books.<ref name="AutoBlog" /> Evans was named the grand marshal of the [[2014 Daytona 500]] to promote the film's release.<ref name="Daytona" /> Later in the month, a 30-second television spot received "a lot of attention on social media" for a line featured in the clip. The line, which was said by Captain America, suggests that Nick Fury would die in the film. ''The Hollywood Reporter'' noted that it all seemed "a bit too obvious", noting the fact that Jackson, who plays Fury, would be reprising the role in ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]'', although pointing out that it could be in a postmortem flashback appearance.<ref name="THRTVSpot" />

In March 2014, Marvel released the Captain America Experience [[Mobile application software|app]], that allowed fans to capture a picture of themselves with Captain America, and let them share it on [[Instagram]] and [[Twitter]] using specific [[hashtag]]s to unlock 10 early screenings of the film across the United States,<ref name="CapAppScreenings" /> which took place on March 20.<ref name="CapAppScreenings2" /> On March 18, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] aired a one-hour [[television special]], titled, ''Marvel Studios: Assembling a Universe'', which included a sneak peek of ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier''.<ref name="TVSpecial" /> On April 1, 2014, Evans and Stan rang the opening bell of the [[New York Stock Exchange]] in honor of the film's theatrical release.<ref name="NYSE" /> Jackson appeared in advertisements for [[Sky Broadband]].<ref name="SkyBroadband" />

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===

[[File:Chris Evans - Captain America 2 Paris premiere.jpg|thumb|Chris Evans at the Paris premiere of ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'']]

''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' was released in 32 markets on March 26, 2014<ref name="InternationalRelease" /><ref name="OverseasBoxOffice" /> and in North America on April 4, 2014, in 2D, [[3D film|3D]] and [[IMAX 3D]].<ref name="LATimes" /><ref name="3D" /> The film debuted on 668 IMAX screens worldwide, a record for films releasing in April.<ref name="IMAXScreens" /> The world premiere took place on March 13, 2014, at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles]].<ref name="LAPremiere" /> The Paris premiere occurred on March 17 at [[Le Grand Rex]],<ref name="ParisPremiere" /> the London premiere took place on March 20 at [[Westfield London]],<ref name="LondonPremiere" /> the Beijing premiere took place on March 24<ref name="BeijingPremiere" /> and the Cleveland premiere took place on April 1.<ref name="ClevelandPremiere" /> Chris Evans and Scarlett Johansson auctioned off passes to one of the premieres for charity.<ref name="auction" /> ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' is part of Phase Two of the MCU.<ref name="PhaseTwo" />

=== Home media ===

''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' was released by [[Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment]] for [[Digital distribution|digital download]] on August 19, 2014, and on [[Blu-ray]], [[Blu-ray 3D]], and [[DVD-Video|DVD]] on September 9, 2014. The physical media releases include behind-the-scenes featurettes, audio commentary, deleted scenes, and a blooper reel.<ref name="Blu-ray" />

The film was also collected in a 13-disc [[box set]], titled "[[Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Two#Home media|Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Two Collection]]", which includes all of the Phase Two films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It was released on December 8, 2015.<ref name="Boxset" /> ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' was released on [[Ultra HD Blu-ray|4K UHD Blu-Ray]] on April 23, 2019.<ref>{{Citation|title=Captain America: The Winter Soldier 4K Blu-ray|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Captain-America-The-Winter-Soldier-4K-Blu-ray/232225/|access-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428174325/https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Captain-America-The-Winter-Soldier-4K-Blu-ray/232225/|archive-date=April 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Box office ===

''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' earned $259.8 million in North America and $454.7 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $714.4 million.<ref name="Mojo" /> It became the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide.<ref name="Intl2014Rank" /> ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' calculated the film's net profit as $166.2 million, accounting for production budgets, marketing, talent participations, and other costs; box office grosses and home media revenues placed it ninth on their list of 2014's "Most Valuable Blockbusters".<ref name="DeadlineNetProfit" />

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''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' topped the box office on its opening weekend with $75.2 million from 32 overseas markets.<ref name="OverseasBoxOffice" /> The film debuted at number one in many territories, including Australia, China, and Russia<ref name="OW-record" /> and set a 3-day opening-weekend record in China among Disney films,<ref name="BOM-OW" /> with $38.81 million.<ref name="OW-record" /> It topped the box office outside North America on two consecutive weekends,<ref name="BOM-OW" /> followed by two weeks in second, behind ''[[Rio 2]]''.<ref name="IntlApril13" /><ref name="IntlApril20" />

=== Critical response ===

The [[review aggregator]] [[Rotten Tomatoes]] reported an approval rating of {{RT data|score}}, with an average score of {{RT data|average}}, based on {{RT data|count}} reviews. The website's critics consensus reads, "Suspenseful and politically astute, ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' is a superior entry in the ''Avengers'' canon and is sure to thrill Marvel diehards."<ref>{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes |id=captain_america_the_winter_soldier_2014 |type=m |title=Captain America: The Winter Soldier |access-date={{RT data|access date}}}}{{RT data|edit}}</ref> [[Metacritic]], which uses a [[weighted average]], assigned a score of 70 out of 100 based on 48 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".<ref name="metacritic" /> [[CinemaScore]] audiences gave ''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' an "A" grade rating on an A+ to F scale.<ref name="cinemascore" />

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Several critics have drawn comparisons between ''The Winter Soldier'' and the ''[[Metal Gear|Metal Gear Solid]]'' video game series. ''Gameranx'' compared the film to ''[[Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty]]'' (2001), stating that the first half of ''The Winter Soldier'' "feels like probably the closest movie adaptation we've gotten to ''Metal Gear Solid 2''", with similar elements including the "[[Stealth game|stealth]], an [[The Patriots (Metal Gear)|evil group]], [[Close-quarters combat|CQC]], and even the moral dilemma about sacrificing one's personal liberties for the feeling of security."<ref name="Parkinson-Gameranx" /> ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' noted that the film's opening tanker mission was "rendered as a ''Metal Gear Solid'' stealth mission".<ref name="Franich-EW" /> ''Eye For Film'' also said the opening sequence "will no doubt be familiar to anyone who's ever played ''Metal Gear Solid 2''".<ref name="Crawford-EyeforFilm" />

=== Accolades ===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width: 99%;"

Line 363 ⟶ 353:

| [[Chris Evans (actor)|Chris Evans]] vs. [[Sebastian Stan]]

| {{nom}}

| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2095540/mtv-movie-awards-nominations-2015/|title=Here Are Your 2015 MTV Movie Awards Nominees|work=MTV News|access-date=March 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412072632/http://www.mtv.com/news/2095540/mtv-movie-awards-nominations-2015/|archive-date=April 12, 2015|url-status=~~live~~dead}}</ref>

| Best Kiss

Line 370 ⟶ 360:

== Sequel ==

''Captain America: Civil War'' was released on May 6, 2016, and again was directed by the Russo brothers.<ref name="Cap3DirectorsConfirm" /><ref name="Cap3Date" /> Evans, Johansson, Stan, Mackie, VanCamp, and Grillo reprise their roles from ''The Winter Soldier''<ref name="Cap3" /><ref name="CWActors" /> and they are joined by [[Robert Downey Jr.]] as [[Tony Stark (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Tony Stark / Iron Man]], [[Paul Bettany]] as [[Vision (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Vision]], [[Jeremy Renner]] as [[Clint Barton (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Clint Barton / Hawkeye]], [[Don Cheadle]] as [[James Rhodes (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|James "Rhodey" Rhodes / War Machine]], [[Elizabeth Olsen]] as [[Wanda Maximoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Wanda Maximoff]], [[Paul Rudd]] as [[Scott Lang (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Scott Lang / Ant-Man]], and [[William Hurt]] as [[Thaddeus Ross (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross]],<ref name="CivilWar" /> all reprising roles from previous MCU films. [[Tom Holland]] and [[Chadwick Boseman]] appear as [[Peter Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Peter Parker / Spider-Man]] and [[T'Challa (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|T'Challa / Black Panther]], respectively.<ref name="Holland" /><ref name="Boseman" />

== See also ==

* "[[What If... the Watcher Broke His Oath?]]", an episode of the MCU television series ''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]'' that reimagines some events of this film

*[[List of films featuring surveillance]]

*[[List of films featuring drones]]

== Notes ==

== References ==

{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="BBFC">{{cite web|title=Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/captain-america-winter-soldier-2014 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date=March 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328132721/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/captain-america-winter-soldier-2014 |archive-date=March 28, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

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<ref name="OW-record">{{cite news |url=https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/blog/captain-america-3-gets-release-date-marvels-captain-america-winter-soldier-sets-april-record |title='Captain America 3' Gets Release Date as Marvel's 'Captain America: The Winter Soldier' Sets April Record |first=Janelle |last=Tipton |publisher=[[The Walt Disney Company]] |date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=April 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822144107/https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/blog/captain-america-3-gets-release-date-marvels-captain-america-winter-soldier-sets-april-record |archive-date=August 22, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="MTV">{{cite web|url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/04/14/captain-america-movie-sequel-avengers |title='Captain America' Writers Talk Sequel, Post-'Avengers' Plans, And The Marvel Movie-Verse |first=Rick |last=Marshall |publisher=MTV Splash Page |date=April 14, 2011 |access-date=April 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810184309/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/04/14/captain-america-movie-sequel-avengers/ |archive-date=August 10, 2011 |url-status=~~live~~dead}}</ref>

<ref name="ScreenJunkies">{{cite web |first=Fred |last=Topel |date=June 20, 2011 |title='Captain America' Sequel Already in the Works |url=http://www.screenjunkies.com/movies/movie-news/captain-america-sequel-already-in-the-works/ |publisher=ScreenJunkies.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623134011/http://www.screenjunkies.com/movies/movie-news/captain-america-sequel-already-in-the-works/ |archive-date=June 23, 2011 |access-date=July 22, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

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<ref name="VanCamp">{{cite web |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |url=https://www.deadline.com/2013/02/revenges-emily-vancamp-lands-lead-in-captain-america-2/ |title='Revenge's Emily VanCamp Landing Lead In 'Captain America 2' |date=February 1, 2013 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=February 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203180902/http://www.deadline.com/2013/02/revenges-emily-vancamp-lands-lead-in-captain-america-2/ |archive-date=February 3, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="Gillan">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2023/09/marvel-secrets-revealed-alternate-castings-that-would-have-changed-everything|title=Marvel Secrets Revealed: Alternate Castings That Would Have Changed Everything|last1=Robinson|first1=Joanna|last2=Gonzales|first2=Dave|last3=Edwards|first3=Gavin|date=September 21, 2023|magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|access-date=May 23, 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="Collider5">{{cite web|date=February 13, 2013 |first=Matt |last=Goldberg |title=Stanley Tucci Says Hayley Atwell Will Be Making a Cameo in CAPTAIN AMERICA: THE WINTER SOLDIER |url=https://collider.com/captain-america-2-sequel-hayley-atwell-cameo/ |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=February 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216022301/http://collider.com/captain-america-2-sequel-hayley-atwell-cameo/ |archive-date=February 16, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

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<ref name="Jackson2">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/08/18/samuel-l-jackson-sunday-conversation/2665355/ |title=Sunday Geekersation: Jackson unleashes the Fury |last=Truitt |first=Brian |work=[[USA Today]] |date=August 18, 2013 |access-date=August 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819112049/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/08/18/samuel-l-jackson-sunday-conversation/2665355/ |archive-date=August 19, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MTV2">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1712289/anthony-mackie-captain-america-winter-soldier-skydiving.jhtml |title=Anthony Mackie On 'Captain America' Sequel and the Perils of Slow-Mo Skydiving |first=Kevin P. |last=Sullivan |publisher=MTV Splash Page |date=August 13, 2013 |access-date=August 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815213245/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1712289/anthony-mackie-captain-america-winter-soldier-skydiving.jhtml |archive-date=August 15, 2013 |url-status=~~live~~dead}}</ref>

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<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite web|last=Barnes |first=Brooks |date=February 28, 2014 |title=A Blockbuster Landed in Their Laps Anthony and Joe Russo on 'Captain America: Winter Soldier' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/movies/anthony-and-joe-russo-on-captain-america-winter-soldier.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320224540/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/movies/anthony-and-joe-russo-on-captain-america-winter-soldier.html |archive-date=March 20, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MTV3">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1723588/captain-america-winter-soldier-set-visit.jhtml |title='Captain America': 9 Secrets From 'The Winter Soldier' Set |first1=Josh |last1=Wigler |first2=Brandon |last2=Rae |publisher=MTV Splash Page |date=March 6, 2014 |access-date=March 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307084256/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1723588/captain-america-winter-soldier-set-visit.jhtml |archive-date=March 7, 2014 |url-status=~~live~~dead}}</ref>

<ref name="CapAppScreenings">{{cite news|url=http://marvel.com/news/movies/2014/3/1/22058/bring_a_cap_screening_to_your_town_with_the_captain_america_experience |title=Bring a Cap Screening to Your Town With the Captain America Experience |work=Newsarama |date=March 1, 2014 |access-date=March 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306083046/http://marvel.com/news/movies/2014/3/1/22058/bring_a_cap_screening_to_your_town_with_the_captain_america_experience |archive-date=March 6, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

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<ref name="LondonPremiere">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.467985776661704.1073741890.237586379701646&type=1|title=Captain America: The Winter Soldier UK premiere|publisher=Facebook|date=March 21, 2014|access-date=March 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312023617/https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.467985776661704.1073741890.237586379701646&type=1|archive-date=March 12, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="metacritic">{{cite Metacritic |id=captain-america-the-winter-soldier |type=movie |title=Captain America: The Winter ~~Soldie~~Soldier |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="McCarthy-THR">{{cite web|last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=March 20, 2014 |title=Captain America: The Winter Soldier: Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/captain-america-winter-soldier/review/689435 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=March 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321145154/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/captain-america-winter-soldier/review/689435 |archive-date=March 21, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

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<ref name="Roeper-SunTimes">{{cite web|last=Roeper |first=Richard |date=April 2, 2014 |title='Captain America: The Winter Soldier': Superhero sequel deftly mixes fantasy, drama |url=http://www.suntimes.com/entertainment/movies/26581021-421/captain-america-the-winter-soldier-superhero-sequel-deftly-mixes-fantasy-drama.html |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=April 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406143103/http://www.suntimes.com/entertainment/movies/26581021-421/captain-america-the-winter-soldier-superhero-sequel-deftly-mixes-fantasy-drama.html |archive-date=April 6, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Gleiberman-EW">{{cite magazine |last=Gleiberman |first=Owen |date=April 2, 2014 |title=Movie Review Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) |url=~~https~~http://~~www.~~ew.com~~/ew~~/article/~~0,,20483133_20764828,00.html~~2014/04/18/captain-america-winter-soldier-movie/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=April 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403030333/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20483133_20764828,00.html |archive-date=April 3, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Collin-DailyTelegraph">{{cite web|last=Collin |first=Robbie |date=March 27, 2014 |title=Captain America: The Winter Soldier, review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/10712254/Captain-America-The-Winter-Soldier-review.html |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=April 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331064337/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/10712254/Captain-America-The-Winter-Soldier-review.html |archive-date=March 31, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

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<ref name="Agutter">{{Cite web |last=Armitage |first=Hugh |date=July 21, 2018 |title=13 actors you totally forgot appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a836135/actors-you-forgot-were-in-the-mcu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007075520/https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a836135/actors-you-forgot-were-in-the-mcu/ |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref>

<ref name="MCUReignVFExcerpt">{{Cite magazine |last=Robinson |first=Joanna |last2=Gonzales |first2=Dave |last3=Edwards |first3=Gavin |date=September 21, 2023 |title=Marvel Secrets Revealed: Alternate Castings That Would Have Changed Everything |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2023/09/marvel-secrets-revealed-alternate-castings-that-would-have-changed-everything |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921183637/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2023/09/marvel-secrets-revealed-alternate-castings-that-would-have-changed-everything |archive-date=September 21, 2023 |access-date=November 7, 2023 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref>

}}

== External links ==

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[[Category:Captain America (film series)]]

[[Category:Captain America films]]

[[Category:~~Drone~~Films ~~films~~about drones]]

[[Category:Films about memory erasure and alteration]]

[[Category:Films about amnesia]]

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[[Category:Superhero thriller films]]

[[Category:Techno-thriller films]]

[[Category:English-language science fiction action films]]

[[Category:English-language action thriller films]]

[[Category:English-language adventure films]]