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Line 54: |''Cedrus libanotica'' var. ''pendula'' {{small|(Carrière) Rehder (1927)}} }} |synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo/><ref>{{cite web |title=''Cedrus libani'' var. ''libani'' |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77190090-1 |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=28 August 2024}}</ref>
}} Line 78: ''C. libani'' var. ''libani'': Lebanon cedar, cedar of Lebanon – grows in Lebanon, western [[Syria]], and south-central [[Turkey]]. ''C. libani'' var. ''stenocoma'' (the Taurus cedar), considered a subspecies in earlier literature, is now recognized as an [[ecotype]] of ''C. libani'' var. ''libani.'' It usually has a spreading crown that does not flatten. This distinct morphology is a habit that is assumed to cope with the competitive environment, since the tree occurs in dense stands mixed with the tall-growing ''[[Abies cilicica]],'' or in pure stands of young cedar trees.<ref name=":01"/> [[Cedrus libani var. brevifolia|''C. libani'' var. ''brevifolia'']]: The Cyprus cedar occurs on the island's [[Troodos Mountains]].<ref name=":01"/> This taxon was considered a separate species from ''C. libani'' because of morphological and ecophysiological trait differences.<ref name="Debazac">Debazac 1964</ref><ref name=":3">Ladjal 2001</ref> It is characterized by slow growth, shorter needles, and higher tolerance to drought and aphids.<ref name=":3"/><ref name="fabre">Fabre et al. 2001, pp. 88–89</ref> Genetic relationship studies, however, did not recognize ''C. brevifolia'' as a separate species, the markers being indistinguishable from those of ''C. libani.''<ref name="Fady">Fady et al. 2000</ref><ref name="Kharrat">Kharrat 2006, p. 282</ref> ==Distribution and habitat== Line 84: ''C. libani'' var. ''libani'' is endemic to elevated mountains around the [[Eastern Mediterranean]] in Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey. The tree grows in well-drained calcareous [[Orthent|lithosols]] on rocky, north- and west-facing slopes and ridges and thrives in rich loam or a sandy clay in full sun.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cedrus+libani|title=Cedrus libani Cedar of Lebanon PFAF Plant Database|website=pfaf.org|publisher=Plants for a Future|access-date=6 January 2017}}</ref> Its natural habitat is characterized by warm, dry summers and cool, moist winters with an annual precipitation of {{Convert|1000|to|1500|mm|abbr=on}}; the trees are blanketed by a heavy snow cover at the higher elevations.<ref name=":0"/> In Lebanon and Turkey, it occurs most abundantly at elevations of {{Convert|1300|to|3000|m|abbr=on}}, where it forms pure [[forest]]s or mixed forests with Cilician fir (''[[Abies cilicica]]''), European black pine (''[[Pinus nigra]]''), Turkish pine (''[[Pinus brutia]]''), and several [[juniper]] species. In Turkey, it can occur as low as {{Convert|500|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":2">{{cite iucn |author=Gardner, M. |date=2013 |title=''Cedrus libani'' var. ''libani'' |volume=2013 |page=e.T42305A2970821 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42305A2970821.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=":0"/>
==History and symbolism== | |||