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Line 3: Two other possibly Celtic languages, [[Tartessos|Tartessian]] and [[Lusitania]]n, were spoken in pre-Roman Iberia. The Lusitanii gave their name to [[Lusitania]], the [[Latin]] name for [[Portugal]]. Extant tribal names include the ''Arevaci, Belli, Titti,'' and ''Lusones''. Some students maintain that the Celtiberians had some cultural contacts with the [[Caucasian Iberia|Caucasian Iberians]] (now territory of Eastern [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]), who were natives of the [[Caucasus]]. Very little remains of the language Celtiberians spoke. Any theories of their extinct language have to be grounded on the linguistic origins of some pre-Roman placenames ("toponyms") in the Iberian peninsula that survived long enough to be recorded in documents, on the formulas that were used in some personal names (giving hints of grammar), and on some untranslated inscriptions on bronze and lead plaques, written in an alphabet that combines Phoenician and Greek characteristics. Enough has been preserved to suggest that, unlike the P-Celtic or [[Brythonic]] [[Gaulish language]] spoken in what is now [[France]], the Celtiberian language was Q-Celtic or [[Goidelic]]. The longest extant Celtiberian inscription is on one of several [[bronze]] plaques from [[Botorrita]], near [[Saragossa]], late [[2nd century The Celtiberians had their largest impact on history during the [[Second Punic War]], during which they became the (perhaps unwilling) allies of [[Carthage]] in its conflict with [[Rome]], and crossed the [[Alps]] under [[Hannibal]]'s command. As a result of the defeat of Carthage, the Celtiberians first submitted to Rome in [[195 BC]]; In [[182 BC|182]] to [[179 BC|179]] T. Sempronius Gracchus spent years pacifying (as the Romans put it) the Celtiberians; however, conflicts between various semi-independent bands of Celtiberians continued. After the [[Numantine War]] ([[154 BC|154]] - [[133 == External links == | |||