Chloroflexus aurantiacus: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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[[File:Algae on left bacteria on right at Norris Geyser Basin in Yellowstone.JPG|thumb|250px|Thermophilic Organisms]]

'''''Chloroflexus aurantiacus''''' is a [[Photosynthesis|photosynthetic]] [[bacterium]] isolated from hot springs, belonging to the [[Chloroflexi (phylum)Chloroflexota|green non-sulfur bacteria]]. This organism is [[Thermophile|thermophilic]] and can grow at temperatures from {{convert|35 °C |to |70 °|C (94.998 to 158 °|F)}}. ''Chloroflexus aurantiacus'' can survive in the dark if [[oxygen]] is available. When grown in the dark, ''Chloroflexus aurantiacus'' has a dark orange color. When grown in sunlight it is dark green. The individual bacteria tend to form filamentous colonies enclosed in sheaths, which are known as [[trichomes]].

==Physiology==

As a genus, ''Chloroflexus'' spp. are filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic (FAP) organisms that utilize [[photosystem II|type II]] photosynthetic reaction centers containing [[bacteriochlorophyll]] ''a'' similar to the [[purple bacteria]], and light-harvesting [[chlorosome]]s containing bacteriochlorophyll ''c'' similar to [[green sulfur bacteria]] of the ''Chlorobi[[Chlorobiota]]''. Like other members of its phylum (''cf.'' [[Chloroflexi (phylum)|ChloroflexiChloroflexota]]), the species stains [[Gram negative]], yet has a single lipid layer (monoderm),<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sutcliffe | first1 = I. C. | title = A phylum level perspective on bacterial cell envelope architecture | doi = 10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.005 | journal = Trends in Microbiology | volume = 18 | issue = 10 | pages = 464–470 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20637628}}</ref> but with thin [[peptidoglycan]], which is compensated for by [[S-layer|S-layer protein]].

As the name implies, these anoxygenic phototrophs do not produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, in contrast to oxygenic phototrophs such as [[cyanobacteria]], [[algae]], and higher [[plants]]. While oxygenic phototrophs use [[water]] as an [[electron donor]] for phototrophy, ''Chloroflexus'' uses reduced sulfur compounds such as [[hydrogen sulfide]], [[thiosulfate]], or elemental sulfur. This belies their obsolescent name '''green non-sulfur bacteria'''; however, ''Chloroflexus'' spp. can also utilize [[hydrogen]](H₂) as a source of electrons.

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''Chloroflexus aurantiacus'' is thought to grow [[photoheterotroph]]ically in nature, but it has the capability of fixing inorganic carbon through [[photoautotroph]]ic growth. Instead of using the [[Calvin cycle|Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle]] typical of plants, ''Chloroflexus aurantiacus'' has been demonstrated to use an autotrophic pathway known as the [[3-Hydroxypropionate pathway]].

The complete [[electron transport chain]] for ''Chloroflexus'' spp. is not yet known. Particularly, ''Chloroflexus aurantiacus'' has not been demonstrated to have a [[cytochrome bc1 complex|cytochrome ''bc₁'' complex]], and may use different proteins to reduce [[cytochrome c|cytochrome ''c'']].

==Evolution of photosynthesis==

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==See also==

*[[Chloroflexota]]

*[[Chloroflexi (phylum)|Chloroflexi]]

*[[endosymbiotic theory]]

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[[Category:Phototrophic bacteria]]

[[Category:Bacteria described in 1974]]

[[Category:Chloroflexi (phylum)Chloroflexota]]