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A '''Christian''' {{audio2|En-us-Christian.ogg}} is a person who adheres to [[Christianity]], a supernatural [[Monotheism#Christian view|monotheistic]]<ref name="Monotheism"> The [[Catholic Encyclopedia]], Volume IX, [http://www.christianavenue.org ''Monotheism'']; [[William F. Albright]], ''From the Stone Age to Christianity''; [[H. Richard Niebuhr]], ; About.com, [http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/monotheisticreligions/ ''Monotheistic Religion resources'']; Jonathan Kirsch, ''God Against the Gods''; Linda Woodhead, ''An Introduction to Christianity''; [[Columbia Encyclopedia|The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia]] [http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0833762.html ''Monotheism'']; The New Dictionary of [[Cultural literacy|Cultural Literacy]], [http://www.bartleby.com/59/5/monotheism.html ''monotheism'']; New Dictionary of Theology, [http://www.ntwrightpage.com/Wright_NDCT_Paul.htm ''Paul''] pp. 496-99; David Vincent Meconi, "Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity" in ''Journal of Early Christian Studies'' pp. 111–12, 2nd London Baptist Confession 1689, 2:1 "1._____The Lord our God is but one only living and true God; whose subsistence is in and of himself, infinite in being and perfection; whose essence cannot be comprehended by any but himself; a most pure spirit, invisible, without body, parts, or passions, who only hath immortality, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto; who is immutable, immense, eternal, incomprehensible, almighty, every way infinite, most holy, most wise, most free, most absolute; working all things according to the counsel of his own immutable and most righteous will for his own glory; most loving, gracious, merciful, long-suffering, abundant in goodness and truth, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin; the rewarder of them that diligently seek him, and withal most just and terrible in his judgments, hating all sin, and who will by no means clear the guilty."</ref> [[religion]] centered on the life and teachings of [[Jesus Christ]] as presented in the [[New Testament]]<ref>[[BBC]], [http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/ ''BBC - Religion & Ethics - Christianity'']</ref> and interpreted by Christians to have been prophesied in the [[Hebrew Bible]]/[[Old Testament]]<ref> [[Book of Isaiah]] [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=29&chapter=53&version=31 ''Book of Isaiah, Chapter 53.'']</ref>.

==Etymology==

From Old English ''cristen'', from Latin ''Christianus'', from Greek {{polytonic|Χριστιανός}} (''khristianos''), from {{Polytonic|Χριστός}} (''khristos'') meaning "the [[anointing|anointed]]".<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Christ Christ] at Etymology Online </ref> In the ([[Greek]]) [[Septuagint]] version of the [[Hebrew Bible]], ''khristos'' was used to translate the [[Hebrew (language)|Hebrew]] מָשִׁיחַ (''{{unicode|Mašíaḥ}},'') ([[messiah]]), meaning "[one who is] anointed."<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=messiah Messiah] at Etymology Online </ref>

The first known usage of the term Χριστιανός ''(khristianos)'' can be found in the [[New Testament]], in {{bibleverse||Acts|11:26|31}}: "the disciples were called Christians first in [[Church of Antioch|Antioch]]." The term was thus first used to denote those known or perceived to be [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciples]] of [[Jesus Christ]]. In the two other New Testament uses of the word ({{bibleverse||Acts|26:28|31}} and {{bibleverse|1|Peter|4:16|31}}), it refers to the public identity of those who follow [[Jesus]].

The earliest recorded use of the term outside the Bible was when [[Tacitus on Jesus|Tacitus]] recorded that [[Nero]] blamed the "Christians" for the [[Great Fire of Rome]] in [[64 AD|AD 64]].<ref>[http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_1/tacitus.html Tacitus (c. 55 -117 CE): Nero's persecution of the Christians], online at Washington State University</ref>

"Christian" also means a member or adherent of a church or other organized group within Christianity. As an adjective, the term may also describe anything associated with Christianity, or even remotely thought to be consistent with Christianity, as in "the ''Christian'' thing to do."

In the [[United States]], especially (but not only) the South and Midwest, the word Christian may also be narrowly used as shorthand for either of two denominations: [[Disciples of Christ]] or the [[United Church of Christ]]. For example, "First Christian Church of (name of local town)."

== Who is a Christian? ==

The definition of who is a "Christian" varies among different Christian groups. Some believe that, to be a Christian, an individual must go to a [[church]] and participate in baptism. Others teach that instead a belief and acceptance in the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ is necessary. Some consider a Christian to be simply one who tries to follow the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Some theologians consider a Christian to be anyone who accepts the [[Nicene Creed]]. This ancient text is accepted by Catholics, the Orthodox, Anglicans, Lutherans and all the remaining mainline Protestant Churches.

[[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholics]], [[Eastern Orthodox]], and many [[Protestantism|Protestants]] define a Christian as one who has become a member of the church through the sacrament of [[baptism]]. In these denominations, [[Infant baptism|infants]] who are baptized may be considered Christians, although they are expected to make a personal affirmation of faith when old enough to decide for themselves.

[[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]] and [[fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] denominations do not generally practice infant baptism and do not necessarily believe that baptism is necessary for [[salvation]] (a ''sacrament''). Rather, they consider it to be a public command of identifying oneself with Jesus Christ in his death, representing repentance and a new life in God, as in Christ's resurrection. They encourage youth and adults to "become Christians" by personally "accepting Jesus Christ as their Lord and Saviour," and to follow that decision with [[Believer's Baptism]]. These groups also use the phrase "[[born-again]]" ({{bibleref2|John|3:3}}) to describe becoming a Christian. Many Christians believe that the only way to Salvation is through Jesus Christ (Son of God) ({{bibleref2|John|14:6}}). They believe that everyone is a sinner and must repent. Other Christians believe that being baptised is not required for salvation, but is an example that you are going to change your life and live as God wants you to live. Catholics believe that baptism is required for salvation and that it saves them from their sins.

A few denominations and sects teach that Believer's baptism is necessary for [[salvation]] — the transition from non-Christian to Christian (see [[Baptismal regeneration]]). They define a Christian as one who has been baptized as a repenting adult.

Other believers follow the teachings of Jesus Christ, but do not believe it is necessary to affiliate with organized religion.

Within countries where Christianity is the historical majority religion, the term is also used by some in a casual generic sense to indicate that they are not members of nor affiliated with any other religion – therefore considering themselves Christians by default.<ref name="christianity.com.com">{{cite web|url=http://christianity.com/Christian%20Foundations/The%20Essentials/11541702/|title= Becoming a Christian|accessdate=2007-10-25}}</ref>

== In other languages ==

As the identification of "Christ" with Jesus is not accepted within Judaism, in [[Talmud]]ic [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] Christians are called "[[Nazarene (sect)|Nazarenes]]" (''Notzri''), because Jesus is described in the New Testament as being from the city of [[Nazareth]].<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=nazarene Nazarene] at Etymology Online </ref>

Among [[Arab]]s (whether Christians, Muslims or belonging to other faiths), as well as in other languages influenced by the [[Arabic language]] (i.e. mainly in [[Islam|Muslim]] cultures influenced by Arabic as the [[liturgy|liturgical]] language of Islam), two words are commonly used for Christians: ''Nasrani'' (stemming from the Arabic ''ansar'', as in the disciples of Jesus), and ''Masihi'' meaning followers of the Messiah.<ref name=KhaledAhmed>Khaled Ahmed, [http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C02%5C19%5Cstory_19-2-2006_pg3_4 Pakistan Daily Times].</ref><ref name=SOFIR>Society for Internet Research, [http://www.sofir.org/sarchives/005539.php The Hamas Charter], note 62 (erroneously, "salidi").</ref> Where there is a distinction, ''Nasrani'' refers to people from a Christian culture and ''Masihi'' means those with a religious faith in Jesus.<ref name=Tayler>Jeffrey Tayler, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=98dQ39WOoUUC&pg=RA1-PA41&lpg=RA1-PA41&dq=masihi+nasrani&source=web&ots=LESqWUSy43&sig=ABHlcsuLXyO4iZBR2gMP4dnoux8 Trekking through the Moroccan Sahara].''</ref> In some countries ''Nasrani'' tends to be used generically for non-Muslim white people.<ref name=Tayler>Jeffrey Tayler, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=98dQ39WOoUUC&pg=RA1-PA41&lpg=RA1-PA41&dq=masihi+nasrani&source=web&ots=LESqWUSy43&sig=ABHlcsuLXyO4iZBR2gMP4dnoux8 Trekking through the Moroccan Sahara].''</ref> Another Arabic word sometimes used for Christians, particularly in a political context, is ''Salibi;'' this refers to [[Crusades|Crusaders]] and has negative connotations.<ref name=SOFIR>Society for Internet Research, [http://www.sofir.org/sarchives/005539.php The Hamas Charter], note 62 (erroneously, "salidi").</ref><ref>Akbar S. Ahmed, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=kXY9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq=salibi+crusader&source=web&ots=R_6x5wvD-L&sig=iSIt3GH4P7yJg-OrI39idUrO0AA Islam, Globalization, and Postmodernity],'' p 110.</ref>

== See also ==

* [[LivePrayer]]

* [[Conversion to Christianity]]

* [[Christendom]]

== References ==

[[Category:Christianity]]

[[Category:Jesus]]

[[Category:Christian people| ]]

[[af:Christene]]

[[ar:مسيحيون]]

[[cs:Křesťan]]

[[de:Christ]]

[[es:Cristiano]]

[[eo:Kristanismo]]

[[eu:Kristau]]

[[fr:Chrétien]]

[[ko:그리스도인]]

[[it:Cristiano (religione)]]

[[ky:Христиан]]

[[la:Christianus]]

[[nl:Christen]]

[[ja:クリスチャン]]

[[nds:Christ]]

[[simple:Christian]]

[[sv:Kristen]]

[[tl:Kristyano]]

[[vi:Cơ Đốc nhân]]

[[tpi:Kristen]]

[[tr:Hristiyan]]

[[ur:عیسائی]]

[[zh:基督徒]]