Christopher Columbus: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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'''Christopher Columbus''' (c. 1451&nbsp;– 20 May 1506) was a [[navigator]], [[colonialist|colonizer]] and [[explorer]] whose voyages across the [[Atlantic Ocean]] led to general European awareness of the [[Americas|American continents]] in the [[Western Hemisphere]]. With his four voyages of exploration and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of [[Hispaniola]], all funded by [[Isabella I of Castile]], he initiated the process of [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spanish colonization]] which foreshadowed general [[European colonization of the Americas|European colonization]] of the "[[New World]]."

Although not the first to reach the Americas from [[Europe]]—he was preceded by at least one other group, the [[Norsemen|Norse]], led by [[Leif Ericson]], who built a temporary settlement 500 years earlier at [[L'Anse aux Meadows]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/nl/meadows/index_e.asp |title=Parks Canada&nbsp;— L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site of Canada |publisher=Pc.gc.ca |date=2009-04-24 |accessdate=2009-07-29}}</ref>— Columbus initiated widespread contact between [[Demography of Europe|Europeans]] and [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous Americans]]. The term "[[pre-Columbian]]" is usually used to refer to the peoples and cultures of the Americas before the arrival of Columbus and his European successors.

The term "[[pre-Columbian]]" is usually used to refer to the peoples and cultures of the Americas before the arrival of Columbus and his European successors. Columbus himself was responsible for the deaths of millions of Native Americans (estimates range between 1 and 3 million) in first 15 years of his colonization of the Caribbean<ref name="phus-zinn">{{cite book|last=Zinn|first=Howard|title=A People's History of the United States: 1492-Present|publisher=Harper Perennial|location=New York|date=2003|edition=Fifth Printing|pages=7|chapter=1|isbn=0060838655|language=English}}</ref><ref name="iau-churchill">{{cite book|last=Churchill|first=Ward|title=Indians Are Us?: Culture and Genocide in Native North America|publisher=Common Courage Press|date=December 1993|url=http://www.mit.edu/~thistle/v9/9.11/1columbus.html|accessdate=10-12-2009|language=English}}</ref>, including entire peoples' such as the [[Taino]]<ref name="taino-rouse">{{cite book|last=Rouse|first=Irving|title=The Tainos: Rise and Decline of the People Who Greeted Columbus (Paperback)|publisher=Yale University Press|date=July 28, 1993|isbn=0300056966|language=English}}</ref> and the [[Arawak]]<ref name="zinn-ph-arawak">{{cite book|last=Zinn|first=Howard|title=A People's History of the United States: 1492-Present|publisher=Harper Perennial|date=2003|edition=Fifth Printing|pages=5|chapter=1|isbn=0060838655|language=English}}</ref>, and was the founder of the practice of slavery in the Americas.<ref name="ph-zinn-slavery">{{cite book|last=Zinn|first=Howard|title=A People's History of the United States: 1492-Present|publisher=Harper Perennial|location=New York|date=2003|edition=Fifth Printing|pages=4|chapter=1|language=English}}</ref>

Academic consensus is that Columbus was born in [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]], though there are [[Origin theories of Christopher Columbus|other theories]]. The name ''Christopher Columbus'' is the Anglicisation of the [[Latin]] ''Christophorus Columbus''. The original name in 15^th century [[Ligurian language (Romance)|Genoese language]] was ''Christoffa''<ref>Rime diverse, Pavia, 1595, p.117</ref> ''Corombo''<ref>Ra Gerusalemme deliverâ, Genoa, 1755, XV-32</ref> ({{pron|kriˈʃtɔffa kuˈɹuŋbu}}) The name is rendered in modern Italian as ''Cristoforo Colombo'', in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] as ''Cristóvão Colombo'' (formerly ''Christovam Colom'') and in [[Spanish language|Spanish ]] as ''Cristóbal Colón''.