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'''''Clostridioides difficile'' infection'''
<ref>Taxonomy. Lawson et al (2016). NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=1496&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock</ref> ('''CDI''' or '''C-diff'''), also known as '''''Clostridium difficile'' infection''', is a symptomatic [[infection]] due to the [[bacterial spores|spore]]-forming bacterium ''[[Clostridioides difficile]]''.<ref name=AHRQ2016/><ref>{{citeCite journal |last=Di vauthorsBella |first=Stefano Guh|last2=Sanson AY,|first2=Gianfranco Kutty|last3=Monticelli PK|first3=Jacopo |last4=Zerbato title|first4=Verena |last5=Principe Clostridioides|first5=Luigi difficile|last6=Giuffrè Infection|first6=Mauro |last7=Pipitone journal|first7=Giuseppe |last8=Luzzati Annals of Internal Medicine|first8=Roberto |date=2024-02-29 volume |editor-last= 169Staley |editor-first=Christopher issue |others=Mayuresh 7Abhyankar |title=Clostridioides pagesdifficile =infection: ITC49–ITC64history, |epidemiology, daterisk =factors, Octoberprevention, 2018clinical |manifestations, pmidtreatment, =and 30285209future options |url=https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/cmr.00135-23 pmc |journal=Clinical 6524133Microbiology Reviews |language=en |doi = 10.73261128/AITC201810020cmr.00135-23 |issn=0893-8512}}</ref> Symptoms include watery [[diarrhea]], fever, nausea, and [[abdominal pain]].<ref name=CDC2012/> It makes up about 20% of cases of [[antibiotic-associated diarrhea]].<ref name=CDC2012/> Antibiotics can contribute to detrimental changes in [[gut microbiota]]; specifically, they decrease short-chain fatty acid absorption which results in osmotic, or watery, diarrhea.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mullish BH, Williams HR | title = ''Clostridium difficile'' infection and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea | journal = Clinical Medicine | volume = 18 | issue = 3 | pages = 237–241 | date = June 2018 | pmid = 29858434 | pmc = 6334067 | doi = 10.7861/clinmedicine.18-3-237 }}</ref> Complications may include [[colitis#Infectious|pseudomembranous colitis]], [[toxic megacolon]], [[perforation of the colon]], and [[sepsis]].<ref name=CDC2012/>
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