Line 1:
{{Short description|Species of fly}}
{{Expand German|topic=scitech|Cochliomyia hominivorax|date=December 2012}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858).jpg
| binomialtaxon = ''Cochliomyia hominivorax''▼
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| binomial_authorityauthority = ([[Charles Coquerel|Coquerel]], 1858)▼
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| ordo = [[Diptera]]
| familia = [[Calliphoridae]]
| genus = ''[[Cochliomyia]]''
| species = '''''C. hominivorax'''''
▲| binomial = ''Cochliomyia hominivorax''
▲| binomial_authority = ([[Charles Coquerel|Coquerel]], 1858)
}}
[[File:Screwworm larva.jpg|thumb|''Cochliomyia hominivorax'' larva.[[Larva]]]]
'''''Cochliomyia hominivorax''''', the '''New World screw-wormscrewworm fly''', or simply '''screwworm''' or '''screw-worm''' for short, is a species of [[Parasitism|parasitic]] [[fly]] that is well known for the way in which its [[Larva|larvae (maggots)]] eat the living tissue of [[warm-blooded]] [[animal]]s. It is present in the New World [[tropics]]. There are five species of ''[[Cochliomyia]]'' but only one species of screw-wormscrewworm fly in the genus is parasitic; there is also a single Old World species in a different genus (''[[Chrysomya bezziana]]''). Infestation of a live vertebrate animal by a maggot is technically called [[myiasis]]. While the maggots of many fly species eat dead flesh, and may occasionally infest an old and putrid wound, screw-wormscrewworm maggots are unusual because they attack healthy tissue.
==LifecycleLife cycle==
Screw-wormScrewworm females lay 250–500 [[egg (biology)|egg]]s in the exposed flesh of warm-blooded animals, including humans, such as in [[wound]]s and the [[navel]]s of newborn animals. The larvae hatch and burrow into the surrounding tissue as they feed. Should the wound be disturbed during this time, the larvae burrow or "screw" deeper into the flesh, thushence the insectlarva's common name. The maggots are capable of causing severe tissue damage or even [[death]] to the host. About three to seven days after hatching, the larvae fall to the ground to [[Pupation|pupate]]. The pupae reach the adult stage about seven days later. Female screw-wormscrewworm flies mate four to five days after hatching. The entire lifecycle is around 20 days. A female can lay up to 3,000 eggs and fly up to {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}} during her life.
==Control==
The [[United States]] officially eradicated the screw-wormscrewworm in 1982 using the [[sterile insect technique]]. However, aalthough 2016an isolated outbreak occurred in [[Monroe County, Florida]] in autumn of 2016.<ref name="CH1">{{cite web|url=http://www.flkeysnews.com/news/local/article105665836.html|publisher=[[FLKeysNews.com]]|accessdate=2016-10-03|date=2016-10-03|title=Deadly fly larvae infests federally endangered Key deer population, more than 40 are euthanized}}</ref> The screwFloridian government instituted control measures including mandatory inspections of all animals leaving the area; the outbreak was declared as neutralized in March 2017.<ref name="AVMA">{{cite web|url=https://www.avma.org/javma-wormnews/2017-05-15/screwworm-again-eradicated-florida|author=Cima, Greg|publisher= American Medical Veterinary Association|accessdate=2024-02-20|date=2017-04-26|title=Screwworm again eradicated in Florida}}</ref> The screwworm was eradicated in [[Guatemala]] and [[Belize]] in 1994, [[El Salvador]] in 1995, and [[Honduras]] in 1996. Campaigns against the flies continue in [[Mexico]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Panama]], and [[Jamaica]] with financial assistance from the [[United States Department of Agriculture]], which triesis trying to push back the parasite beyondsouth of the narrow and easily controlled [[Isthmus of Panama]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhang |first=Sarah |date=2020-05-26 |title=America’s Never-Ending Battle Against Flesh-Eating Worms |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/05/flesh-eating-worms-disease-containment-america-panama/611026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921224909/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/05/flesh-eating-worms-disease-containment-america-panama/611026/ |archive-date=2024-09-21 |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |language=en}}</ref>
==Etymology==
From the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''kochlias'' (snail with a spiral shell) + ''myia'' (fly) and the [[Latin language|Latin]] ''hominis'' (man) + ''vorax'' (consuming), ''Cochliomyia hominivorax'', or the New World screw-wormscrewworm fly (formerly ''Callitroga'' ([[Greek language|Greek]] ''kallos'', (beautiful), + ''trogein'', (to gnaw), americanaAmericana), was first described by [[France|French]] entomologist [[Charles Coquerel]] in 1858.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Henry|first1= Ronnie |date=February 2019 |title=Etymologia: Cochliomyia hominivorax |journal= Emerg Infect Dis |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages= 389–390|doi=10.3201/eid2502.et2502 |pmid= 30666944 |pmc= 6346460 |quote= citing public domain text from the CDC }}</ref>
== References ==
Line 36 ⟶ 30:
== External links==
*[https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/profile/screwworm Species Profile - Screwworm (''Cochliomyia hominivorax'')], National Invasive Species Information Center, [[United States National Agricultural Library]].
*[https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/stop-screwworms--selections-fr/introduction STOP Screwworms: Selections from the Screwworm Eradication Collection] – United States National Agricultural Library
*[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/11753 Invasive Species Compendium], CAB International
| 
Article Images