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|[[File:Communes caption=of Luxembourg.png|thumb|The 116 municipalitiescommunes of Luxembourg between 2006 and 2012. 11 of these municipalitiescommunes no longer exist.]]▼
{{Infobox subdivision type
Luxembourg's 105 '''municipalitiesCommunes''' ([[French language|French]]: ''communes'', {{lang-lb|Gemengen}}, {{lang-de|Gemeinden}}) conform to [[Local administrative unit|LAU]] Level 2<ref name="Statec 2003">Statec (2003), p. 9&10</ref> and are the country's lowest [[administrative division]]s.▼
| name = Municipalities of Luxembourg
| map = Communes of Luxembourg.png
▲| caption=The 116 municipalities of Luxembourg between 2006 and 2012. 11 of these municipalities no longer exist.
| category = Third level of subdivision
| territory = {{flag|Luxembourg}}
| start_date =
| current_number = 105
| number_date =
| population_range =
| area_range =
| government =
| subdivision =
}}
▲Luxembourg's 105 '''municipalities''' ([[French language|French]]: ''communes'', {{lang-lb|Gemengen}}, {{lang-de|Gemeinden}}) conform to [[Local administrative unit|LAU]] Level 2<ref name="Statec 2003">Statec (2003), p. 9&10</ref> and are the country's lowest [[administrative division]]s.
[[Commune (subnational entity)|MunicipalitieCommunes]]s rank below [[Cantons of Luxembourg|cantons]] in Luxembourg's hierarchy of administrative subdivisions. MunicipalitiesCommunes are often re-arranged, being merged or divided as demanded by demographic change over time. Unlike the cantons, which have remained unchanged since their creation, the identity of the municipalitiescommunes has not become ingrained within the geographical sensations of the average [[Luxembourgers|Luxembourger]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}} The cantons are responsible for the ceremonial, administrative, and statistical aspects of government, while the municipalitiescommunes provide local government services.<ref name="Devolution in Luxembourg">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cor.europa.eu/document/documents/luxembourg_en.pdf |title=Devolution in Luxembourg |accessdate=2006-07-18 |format=PDF |publisher=Committee of the Regions |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822104735/http://www.cor.europa.eu/document/documents/luxembourg_en.pdf |archivedate=2006-08-22 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
The [[Municipality|municipal system]] was adopted when Luxembourg was annexed into the French département of [[Forêts]] in 1795. Despite ownership passing to the [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands|Netherlands]], this system was maintained until it was introduced upon independence in 1843. The [[Luxembourg (Belgium)|province of Luxembourg]], which now constitutes part of Belgium, was part of [[Luxembourg]] prior to 1839 when it possessed a low degree of sovereignty. Due to Luxembourg's incorporation into the main country by its occupying powers, the modern municipal system in Luxembourg is less than two centuries old.
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| Gemeinde/Gemeinden <ref>http://www.luxembourg.public.lu/de/le-grand-duche-se-presente/systeme-politique/territoire/communes/index.html</ref><ref>http://www.wiltz.lu/de</ref><ref>http://map.geoportail.lu/communes/?lang=de</ref>
|-
| [[English language|English]]
| municipality/municipalities <ref>http://www.statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=12700&IF_Language=eng&MainTheme=1&FldrName=1</ref><ref>http://www.statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=12701&IF_Language=eng&MainTheme=1&FldrName=1</ref><ref>http://www.statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=12704&IF_Language=eng&MainTheme=1&FldrName=1</ref><ref>http://www.luxembourg.public.lu/de/le-grand-duche-se-presente/systeme-politique/territoire/communes/index.html</ref><ref>https://chargy.lu/en/</ref><ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/584843/municipalities-in-luxembourg-by-size/</ref><ref>http://cor.europa.eu/en/regions/Pages/country.aspx?Country=Luxembourg</reF><ref>http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/urban2/urban/audit/results/luxembourg.htm</ref><ref>https://www.europeandataportal.eu/data/en/dataset/nombre-de-ressortissants-par-nationalite-et-par-commune-number-of-citizens-per-nationality-and-</ref><ref>http://datanavigator.espon.eu/index.php/component/datanavigator?camps=1,6,3,2&w=17%,11%,25%&cond=country=%27Luxembourg%27&ordre=1,6,3,2</ref><ref>http://www.eurocadres.eu/mobilnet/english/luxembourg/lu-condres-en.htm</ref><ref>http://map.geoportail.lu/communes/?lang=en</ref>
|}
==Authority==
The municipalitiescommunes have no legislative control over matters relating to the national interest, which reside solely with the [[Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg|Chamber of Deputies]]. Below this level, however, they have wide-ranging powers. The municipalitiescommunes provide [[public education]], maintain the local [[road|road network]] and other infrastructure, ensure basic [[public health]], and provide most [[social security]].<ref name="Devolution in Luxembourg" /> MunicipalitiesCommunes also have discretionary powers for comprehensive [[health care]] (including maintenance of hospitals and clinics) within their borders, [[land use planning|land-use planning]], funds for culturral activities, provision of care to the elderly, and providing a sufficient supply of water, gas, and electricity.<ref name="Devolution in Luxembourg" />
==MunicipalitiesCommunes and cities==
[[File:Cities of Luxembourg.PNG|thumb|The cities of Luxembourg, colored in orange.]]
{{Main|List of communes of Luxembourg|List of cities in Luxembourg}}
There are currently 105 municipalitiescommunes in the 12 [[Cantons of Luxembourg|cantons]]. The 12 municipalitiescommunes with city status are [[Diekirch]], [[Differdange]], [[Dudelange]], [[Echternach]], [[Esch-sur-Alzette]], [[Ettelbruck]], [[Grevenmacher]], [[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]], [[Remich]], [[Rumelange]], [[Vianden]], and [[Wiltz]].<ref>[http://www.luxembourg.public.lu/fr/tourisme/cartes/communes/index.html Carte des communes]. luxembourg.public.lu</ref>
==Former municipalitiescommunes==
Since the country's creation in 1839, five municipalitiescommunes have changed their name and thirty-four municipalitiescommunes have been merged, resulting in the 105 municipalitiescommunes that exist today. These defunct municipalitiescommunes are listed in the table below.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
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==Evolution of municipalitiescommunes==
[[File:Number of Communes of Luxembourg.PNG|frame|This chart <!-- greaphgs -->shows the gradual expansion and contraction among the municipalitiescommunes over time.]]
The municipal system was created during the French occupation to mirror the systems employed in the rest of the [[French First Republic|French Republic]]. These were overhauled in 1823, but the system itself was retained until independence, which was granted under the 1839 [[Treaty of London, 1839|Treaty of London]].<ref name="Statec 2003" /> The law regulating their creation and organisation dates to 24 February 1843,<ref>{{fr icon}}/{{de icon}} {{Cite web | url=http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/a/archives/1843/0170304/0170304.pdf#page=1 | title=Mémorial A, 1843, No. 17 | accessdate=2006-07-21 | format=PDF | publisher=Service central de législation }}</ref> which was later enshrined in the [[Constitution of Luxembourg|Luxembourgian constitution]] promulgated on 17 October 1868.<ref name="Devolution in Luxembourg" />
Upon independence, there were 120 municipalitiescommunes. A series of mergers and partitions between 1849 and 1891 increased this number to 130. Most of these were brought about by asymmetrical population growth, as population growth in the south caused the balance of population in the country to shift. For instance, some of the municipalitiescommunes born in that era include [[Rumelange]], [[Schifflange]], and [[Walferdange]]. In the pattern of [[Nordstad]], [[Erpeldange]] and [[Schieren]] were also separated from [[Ettelbruck]].
Since the end of the [[First World War]], during which Luxembourg was [[German occupation of Luxembourg in World War I|occupied by Germany]], the number of municipalitiescommunes has dropped steadily. In 1920, [[Luxembourg City]] was expanded, annexing four surrounding municipalitiescommunes. Another wave of mergers took place in the 1970s when sparsely-populated areas in the north and west of the country were merged to form [[Lac de la Haute-Sûre]], [[Rambrouch]], and [[Wincrange]].<ref name="Statec 2015" /> 2006 saw the creation of [[Kiischpelt]] and [[Tandel]] from four smaller municipalitiescommunes, further reducing them to just 116.<ref name="Statec 2015" /> 2012 saw the creation of [[Käerjeng]], [[Vallée de l'Ernz]] and [[Parc Hosingen]] from smaller municipalitiescommunes, and the merger of [[Clervaux]], [[Esch-sur-Sûre]] and [[Schengen, Luxembourg|Schengen]] into adjacent ones. With the 2015 expansion of [[Wiltz]], there are now only 105 municipalitiescommunes.<ref name="Statec 2015" />
==See also==
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