Cooper Canyon Formation: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Cooper Canyon Formation

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| caption =

| type = [[Geological formation]]

| age = {{Geological range|Norian|Norian|[[Upper Triassic]], [[Norian]]}}

| period = Norian

| prilithology =

| otherlithology =

| namedfor =

| namedby =

| region = {{Flag|Texas}}

| country = [[{{Flag|United States]]}}

| coordinates = {{coord|33.127|N|101.366|W|display:inline}}

| unitof = [[Dockum Group]]

| subunits =

| underlies = ~~[[Redonda Formation]]~~

| overlies = ~~[[Trujillo Formation]], possibly~~ [[Camp Springs Formation]], ~~and~~possibly [[Colorado City Formation]]

| thickness =

| extent =

| area =

| map = {{Location map+ | United States#Texas

| relief = 1

| width = 250

| float = center

| places =

{{Location map~ | United States#Texas

| lat_deg = 33.127

| lon_deg = -101.366

| mark = Purple pog.svg

| marksize = 12

}}

| map_caption =

}}

The '''Cooper Canyon Formation''' is a geological [[Formation (geology)|formation]] of [[Norian]] age in [[Texas]]. It is one of several formations encompassed by the [[Dockum Group]].<ref name="triassicdistribution">Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=h4WRTHfTzXsC&dq=%22Cooper%20Canyon%20Formation%22&pg=PA521 Dinosaur distribution (Late Triassic, North America)]." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 518–521. {{ISBN |0-520-24209-2}}.</ref><ref name=Lehman_1992/>

The type area of the formation is situated in [[Garza County, Texas]], southeast of [[Lubbock, Texas|Lubbock]]. The Cooper Canyon Formation consist of reddish [[siltstone]] and [[mudstone]] with [[lens (geology)|lenses]] of [[sandstone]] and [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]]. Thickness of the formation in the type area is 161.5 meters. It increases to the south, and in some places exceeds 200 m. The formation contains diverse fossils, including [[vertebrate]] remains.<ref name="Lehman_1992" />

== Regional equivalents ==

The [[Bull Canyon Formation]] in eastern New Mexico is equivalent to the upper part of the Cooper Canyon Formation. Some researchers argue that the latter name should be abandoned.<ref name="Lehman_1992" /> The middle and lower parts of the Cooper Canyon are correlated to the [[Trujillo Formation|Trujillo]] and [[Tecovas Formation|Tecovas]] formations (respectively) further north in the [[Texas Panhandle]]. The lowermost part of the Cooper Canyon Formation may also be correlated to the [[Colorado City Formation]] further south at [[Otis Chalk]] ([[Howard County, Texas|Howard County]]).<ref name="Martz08" /><ref name="Martz13" /><ref name="Sar16" />

==Vertebrate fauna==

=== Temnospondyls ===

{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

! colspan="7" align="center" |'''[[Temnospondyl]]s of the Cooper Canyon Formation'''

! Genus/Taxon

! Species

! Unit

! Location

! Material

! Notes

! Images

''[[Apachesaurus]]''

''A. gregorii''<ref name="Martz13"/>

*Lower (upper)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

Partial skull, mandible and pectoral girdle<ref name="Martz13"/>

The lowest known stratigraphic occurrence of diagnostic ''Apachesaurus'' cranial material.<ref name="Gee22"/>

''[[Buettnererpeton]]''

''B. bakeri''<ref name="Gee22">{{cite journal |last1=Gee |first1=Bryan M. |last2=Kufner |first2=Aaron M. |title=Revision of the Late Triassic metoposaurid "''Metoposaurus''" ''bakeri'' (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from Texas, USA and a phylogenetic analysis of the Metoposauridae |journal=PeerJ |date=2022 |volume=10 |pages=e14065 |doi=10.7717/peerj.14065|s2cid=252894139 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

*Lower (lower)

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)

Two skulls

A [[metoposaurid]] temnospondyl. Species was originally assigned to ''[[Anaschisma]]'' or ''[[Metoposaurus]]'' before being given its own genus in 2022.<ref name="Martz08">{{cite thesis |last1=Martz |first1=J. W. |year=2008 |title=Lithostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, and vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Dockum Group (Upper Triassic), of southern Garza County, West Texas |type=Unpublished PhD thesis |publisher=Texas Tech University |url=https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/handle/2346/20495 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="Gee22"/>

| rowspan="93" |

[[File:Metoposaurus bakeri1DB.jpg|thumb|center|200px|''[[Buettnererpeton bakeri]]'']]

''[[Rileymillerus]]''

''R. cosgriffi''<ref name="Martz13"/>

*Lower (upper)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

Skull and jaws, vertebral intercentra<ref name="Martz13"/>

An unusual small temnospondyl, known only by one specimen.

===Archosaurs===

====Phytosaurs====

{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

! colspan="57" align="center" |'''[[~~Archosaur~~Phytosaur]]s of the Cooper Canyon Formation'''

! Genus/Taxon

~~! Taxa~~

! Species

~~! Presence~~

! Unit

! Location

! Material

! Notes

! Images

''[[Leptosuchus]]''

~~''[[Poposaurus|Poposaurus langstoni]]''<ref>http://paleodb.science.mq.edu.au/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=basicTaxonInfo&taxon_no=178205</ref>~~

''L.'' sp.<ref name="Martz13">{{cite journal |last1=Martz |first1=J. W. |last2=Mueller |first2=B. |last3=Nesbitt |first3=S. J. |last4=Stocker |first4=M. R. |last5=Parker |first5=W. G. |last6=Atanassov |first6=M. |last7=Fraser |first7=N. |last8=Weinbaum |first8=J. |last9=Lehane |first9=J. |year=2013 |title=A taxonomic and biostratigraphic re-evaluation of the Post Quarry vertebrate assemblage from the Cooper Canyon Formation (Dockum Group, Upper Triassic) of southern Garza County, western Texas |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |volume=103 |issue=3–4 |pages=339–364 |doi=10.1017/S1755691013000376 |s2cid=129744424}}</ref>

~~Illium~~

*Lower (upper)

~~| rowspan="99" |~~

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

Partial skull and mandibles<ref name="Martz13"/>

May represent a distinct species of ''Leptosuchus'' from ''L. crosbiensis'' and ''L. studeri''.<ref name="Martz13"/>

| rowspan="107" |

| rowspan="3" |

''[[Machaeroprosopus]]''

''M. lottorum''<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Hungerbühler |first1=Axel |last2=Mueller |first2=Bill |last3=Chatterjee |first3=Sankar |last4=Cunningham |first4=Douglas P. |title=Cranial anatomy of the Late Triassic phytosaur ''Machaeroprosopus'' , with the description of a new species from West Texas |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |date=September 2012 |volume=103 |issue=3–4 |pages=269–312 |doi=10.1017/S1755691013000364|s2cid=129442164 }}</ref>

*Upper

*Patricia Site (MOTT 3870)<ref name=":0"/>

Two skulls<ref name=":0"/>

A derived [[mystriosuchin]] phytosaur closely related to and intermediate with ''[[Redondasaurus]]''.<ref name=":0"/>

''M.'' sp.

*Upper<ref name=":0"/>

*Patricia Site (MOTT 3870)<ref name=":0"/>

One skull<ref name=":0"/>

A specimen of ''Machaeoprosopus'' that appears phylogenetically distinct from ''M. lottorum''.<ref name=":0"/>

''M.'' sp.<ref name="Martz08"/>

*Middle

*Headquarters (MOTT 3892)<ref name="Martz08"/>

Squamosal<ref name="Martz08"/>

The lowest occurrence of ''Machaeoprosopus'' in the Dockum Group, defining the base of the [[Revueltian]] teilzone in the Cooper Canyon Formation.<ref name="Martz08"/><ref name="Martz13"/>

"''[[Paleorhinus]]''"

"''P''." cf. ''sawini''<ref name="Martz08"/>

*Lower (lower)

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Martz08"/>

Skull<ref name="Martz08"/>

A phytosaur similar to "''Paleorhinus''" ''sawini'', although potentially representing a distinct species.<ref name="Martz08"/>

''[[Redondasaurus]]?''

''R. gregorii''?<ref name="SL12"/>

*Upper<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sarıgül |first=Volkan |date=2017-02-01 |title=New theropod fossils from the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas, USA, and a brief overview of the Dockum theropod diversity |url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt8z33r6cx/qt8z33r6cx.pdf |journal=PaleoBios |volume=34 |doi=10.5070/p9341033817 |issn=2373-8189}}</ref>

*Macy Ranch<ref name=":2" /> (MOTT 3927)<ref name=":1" />

Skull and postcranial skeleton (specimen TTUP 9425).<ref name=":2" /><ref name="SL12"/>

Specimens currently only described in unpublished theses, initially referred to a new informal genus "Macysuchus".<ref name=":2">{{Cite thesis |last=McQuilkin |first=K. S. |year=1998 |title=An Articulated Phytosaur Skeleton: Preparation Techniques From Field to Exhibit |type=Unpublished MSc thesis |publisher=[[Texas Tech University]] |url=https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/2346/16514/31295013300354.pdf}}</ref> Referred to ''R. gregorii'' by Spielmann and Lucas (2012).<ref name="SL12">{{cite journal |last1=Spielmann |first1=J. A. |last2=Lucas |first2=S. G. |year=2012 |title=Tetrapod Fauna of the Upper Triassic Redonda Formation East-central New Mexico: The Characteristic Assemblage of the Apachean Land-vertebrate Faunachron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r-woCgAAQBAJ |journal=Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science |volume=55}}</ref>

====Pseudosuchians====

Indeterminate [[paracrocodylomorph]] and [[stagonolepidid]] material is known from the Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869).<ref name="Argo"/>

{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

! colspan="7" align="center" |'''[[Pseudosuchia]]ns of the Cooper Canyon Formation'''

! Genus/Taxon

! Species

! Unit

! Location

! Material

! Notes

! Images

''[[Calyptosuchus]]''

''C. wellesi''<ref name="Argo"/>

*Lower (lower)

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Argo"/>

A [[desmatosuchia]]n [[aetosaur]]. Material from Post Quarry named as the new genus and species ''Scutarx deltatylus'' in 2016.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Parker |first=William |date=2016 |title=Revised phylogenetic analysis of the Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia); assessing the effects of incongruent morphological character sets |journal=PeerJ |volume=4 |pages=e1583 |doi=10.7717/peerj.1583 |pmid=26819845 |pmc=4727975 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

| rowspan="107" |

[[File:Poposaurus_gracilis_(1).jpg|thumb|center|200px|''[[Poposaurus gracilis]]'']]

[[File:Postosuchus kirkpatricki.jpg|thumb|center|200px|''[[Postosuchus kirkpatricki]]'']]

[[File:Scutarx-deltatylus_1.jpg|thumb|center|200px|''[[Scutarx deltatylus]]'']]

[[File:Shuvosaurus BW.jpg|thumb|center|200px|''[[Shuvosaurus inexpectatus]]'']]

[[Crocodylomorpha]] indet.<ref name="Martz13"/>

Indeterminate

*Lower (upper, lower)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Argo"/>

Femora<ref name="Martz13"/>

A small crocodylomorph comparable to ''[[Hesperosuchus]]''.<ref name="Martz13"/>

''[[Desmatosuchus]]''

''D. smalli''<ref name="Dsmalli">{{cite journal |last=Parker |first=W. G. |year=2005 |title=A new species of the Late Triassic aetosaur ''Desmatosuchus'' (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) |journal=[[Comptes Rendus Palevol]] |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=327–340 |doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2005.03.002}}</ref>

*Lower (upper)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Dsmalli"/>

Several skulls and partial skeletons, osteoderms<ref name="Dsmalli"/>

An armoured aetosaur with large shoulder spines. Type locality of ''D. smalli'', species also known from the [[List of archosaurs of the Chinle Formation#Aetosaurs|Chinle Formation]]. Some skeletal postcranial material may belong to ''Paratypothorax''.<ref name=":3"/>

''[[Garzapelta]]''

''G. muelleri''<ref name="Gpelta">{{Cite journal|last1=Reyes |first1=W. A. |last2=Martz |first2=J. W. |last3=Small |first3=B. J. |title=''Garzapelta muelleri'' gen. et sp. nov., a new aetosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Late Triassic (middle Norian) middle Cooper Canyon Formation, Dockum Group, Texas, USA, and its implications on our understanding of the morphological disparity of the aetosaurian dorsal carapace |year=2024 |journal=The Anatomical Record |volume=307 |issue=4 |pages=1271–1299 |doi=10.1002/ar.25379 }}</ref>

*Middle

*UU Sand Creek (MOTT 3882)<ref name="Gpelta"/>

Osteoderms and some associated postcrania<ref name="Gpelta"/>

Believed to be a [[Paratypothoracini|paratypothoracin]] aetosaur, but with lateral osteoderms convergent with [[Desmatosuchinae|desmatosuchins]].<ref name="Gpelta"/>

''[[Paratypothorax]]''

''P.'' sp.<ref name=":3" />

*Lower (upper)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

Osteoderms and some associated postcrania<ref name="Martz13"/>

A paratypothoracin aetosaur. Potentially belongs to a distinct species from ''P. andressorum'', as for other North American ''Paratypothorax''.<ref name=":3"/>

''[[Poposaurus]]''

''P. gracilis''<ref name="Argo"/>

*Lower (lower)

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Argo"/>

Femur, cervical vertebra<ref name="Mueller16"/>

A bipedal predatory paracrocodylomorph.

''[[Postosuchus]]''

''P. kirkpatricki''<ref name="Martz13"/>

*Upper?

*Lower (upper)

*Patricia Site (MOTT 3870)?<ref name=":0"/>

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

Two skeletons and isolated remains<ref name="Martz13"/>

A large predatory [[rauisuchid]], type specimen from the Post Quarry. Most rauisuchid material from elsewhere in the southwestern US has also been assigned to ''Postosuchus kirkpatricki'' but it is unclear how much of it definitively belongs to ''Postosuchus''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Emily J. Lessner |author2=Michelle R. Stocker |author3=Nathan D. Smith |author4=Alan H. Turner |author5=Randall B. Irmis |author6=Sterling J. Nesbitt |year=2016 |title=A new rauisuchid (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia) from the Upper Triassic (Norian) of New Mexico increases the diversity and temporal range of the clade |journal=PeerJ |volume=4 |pages=e2336 |doi=10.7717/peerj.2336 |pmid=27651983 |pmc=5018681 |doi-access=free }}</ref> A fifth metatarsal from the Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869) may belong to ''Postosuchus''.<ref name="Mueller16">{{cite thesis |last1=Mueller |first1=B. D. |year=2016 |title=Triassic Tetrapod Paleontology and Taphonomy of the Boren Quarry, Dockum Group, Garza County, Texas |type=Unpublished PhD thesis |publisher=Texas Tech University |url=https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/handle/2346/73724 |access-date=5 November 2023}}</ref>

''[[Scutarx]]''

''S. deltatylus''<ref name=":3"/>

*Middle

*Lower (upper)

*Headquarters NW (MOTT 3899)<ref name=":4"/>

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name=":3"/>

Osteoderms<ref name=":4"/>

A [[desmatosuchine]] aetosaur based on material formerly assigned to ''[[Calyptosuchus wellesi]]''. Known more abundantly in the [[List of archosaurs of the Chinle Formation#Aetosaurs|Chinle Formation]].<ref name=":3"/>

''[[Shuvosaurus]]''

''S. inexpectatus''<ref name="Martz13"/>

*Upper?

*Lower (upper, lower)

*Patricia Site (MOTT 3870)?<ref name=":0"/>

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Argo"/>

Skulls and skeleton<ref name="Martz13"/>

Originally named as an [[ornithomimid]] dinosaur based on its skull, later recognised to be synonymous with [[poposauroid]] postcrania named "''Chatterjeea elegans''". Type specimen is from the Post Quarry, ''Shuvosaurus'' has also reported from the [[List of archosaurs of the Chinle Formation#Other paracrocodylomorphs|Chinle Formation]].

Cf. ''[[Stagonolepis]]''?<ref name="Martz08"/>

''S''.? sp.

*Lower (lower)

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Martz08"/>

Lateral and caudal paramedian osteoderm<ref name="Martz08"/>

Aetosaur osteoderms compared favourably to ''Stagonolepis'' (including ''Calyptosuchus'' at the time).<ref name="Martz08"/>

''[[Typothorax]]''<ref name=":0" />

''T. coccinarum''

*Upper

*Lower (upper)

*Patricia Site (MOTT 3870)<ref name=":0"/>

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

Partial skeleton, braincase, and osteoderms

A [[typothoracine]] aetosaur. Also commonly found in the [[List of archosaurs of the Chinle Formation#Aetosaurs|Chinle Formation]] of Arizona and the [[Bull Canyon Formation]] of New Mexico.

====Ornithodirans====

Numerous bones from ornithodirans have been discovered throughout the Cooper Canyon Formation but cannot be assigned to specific genera or clades. However, they are at least variably identifiable as lagerpetids, dinosauromorphs, dinosaurs, saurischians and theropods.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Lessner |first1=E. J. |last2=Parker |first2=W. G. |last3=Marsh |first3=A. D. |last4=Nesbitt |first4=S. J. |last5=Irmis |first5=R. B. |last6=Mueller |first6=B. D. |title=New insights into Late Triassic dinosauromorph-bearing assemblages from Texas using apomorphy-based identifications |journal=PaleoBios |date=2018 |volume=35 |doi=10.5070/P9351039960|doi-access=free }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

! colspan="7" align="center" |'''[[Ornithodira]]ns of the Cooper Canyon Formation'''

! Genus/Taxon

! Species

! Unit

! Location

! Material

! Notes

! Images

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

*Lower (upper)

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

Material since referred to indeterminate herrerasaurids and neotheropods.

| rowspan="107" |

[[Dinosauriformes]] indet.<ref name="Sar16"/>

Indeterminate

*Lower (lower)

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Sar16"/>

Two left fibulae<ref name="Sar16"/>

The fibulae are most similar to those of ''[[Marasuchus]]'', but notably are three times as long.<ref name="Sar16"/>

| rowspan="2" |

''[[Dromomeron]]''

''D. gregorii''<ref name="Martz13"/>

*Lower (upper, lower)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name=":4"/>

Four left femora<ref name="Martz13"/><ref name=":4"/><ref name="Sar16"/>

| rowspan="2" |

[[Lagerpetid]] [[pterosauromorph]]s.

''D. romeri''<ref name="Sar16">{{Cite journal |last=Sarıgül |first=V. |year=2016 |title=New basal dinosauromorph records from the Dockum Group of Texas, USA |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=19.2.21A |doi=10.26879/564 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

*Middle (upper)

*Headquarters South (MOTT 3898)<ref name="Sar16"/>

Proximal right tibia<ref name="Sar16"/>

[[Herrerasauridae]] indet.<ref name="Martz13"/>

Indeterminate

*Lower (upper)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

Partial hip<ref name="Martz13"/>

Previously referred to ''Coelophysis bauri'' by Lehman and Chatterjee (2005).<ref name="LC05">{{cite journal |last1=Lehman |first1=Thomas |last2=Chatterjee |first2=Sankar |title=Depositional setting and vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Triassic Dockum Group of Texas |journal=Journal of Earth System Science |year=2005 |volume=114 |issue=3 |pages=325–351 |doi=10.1007/BF02702953|bibcode=2005JESS..114..325L |s2cid=128760266 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

[[Neotheropoda]] indet.<ref name="Martz13"/>

Indeterminate

*Lower (upper)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

[[Ilium (bone)|Ilium]] and [[tibia]]<ref name="Martz13"/>

Previously referred to ''Coelophysis bauri'' by Lehman and Chatterjee (2005).<ref name="LC05"/>

''[[Soumyasaurus]]''

''S. aenigmaticus''<ref name="Sari18">{{cite journal |last1=Sarıgül |first1=V. |last2=Agnolín |first2=F. |last3=Chatterjee |first3=S. |year=2018 |title=Description of a multitaxic bone assemblage from the Upper Triassic Post Quarry of Texas (Dockum group), including a new small basal dinosauriform taxon |journal=Historia Natural |volume=8 |issue=1 |issn=1853-6581 |url=https://fundacionazara.org.ar/img/revista-historia-natural/tomo-15/VolkanSarigul-5-24-ok.pdf }}</ref>

*Lower (upper)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Sari18"/>

Left [[dentary]]<ref name="Sari18"/>

A very small [[silesaurid]] [[dinosauriform]], type specimen.<ref name="Sari18"/>

''[[Technosaurus]]''

''T. smalli''<ref name="Martz13"/>

*Lower (upper)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

[[Premaxilla]] and [[dentary]]<ref name="Martz13"/>

A [[silesaurid]] [[dinosauriform]], type and only specimen.

===Archosauromorphs===

Fragmentary fossils are identifiable as archosauromorphs, namely members of the [[Allokotosauria]]+''[[Prolacerta]]''+[[Archosauriformes]] clade.<ref name=":4"/>

{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

! colspan="7" align="center" |'''Non-[[crurotarsan]] [[archosauromorphs]] of the Cooper Canyon Formation'''

! Genus/Taxon

! Species

! Unit

! Location

! Material

! Notes

! Images

|cf. ''[[Doswellia]]''<ref name="Martz08"/>

cf. ''D''. sp.

*Lower (lower)

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Martz08"/>

Fragmentary osteoderm<ref name="Martz08"/>

An unusual armoured [[archosauriform]].

| rowspan="107" |

[[File:Trilophosaurus_buettneri_(1).jpg|thumb|center|200px|''[[Trilophosaurus buettneri]]'']]

[[File:Vancleavea.jpg|thumb|center|200px|''[[Vancleavea campi]]'']]

?''[[Malerisaurus]]''

?''M. langstoni''

*Middle

*Lower (upper, lower)

*Headquarters North (MOTT 3900)<ref name="Martz08"/>

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="maleri21">{{cite journal |last1=Nesbitt |first1=S. J. |last2=Stocker |first2=M. R. |last3=Ezcurra |first3=M. D. |last4=Fraser |first4=M. C. |last5=Heckert |first5=A. B. |last6=Parker |first6=W. G. |last7=Mueller |first7=B. |last8=Sengupta |first8=S. |last9=Bandyopadhyay |first9=S. |last10=Pritchard |first10=A. C. |last11=Marsh |first11=A. D. |year=2021 |title=Widespread azendohsaurids (Archosauromorpha, Allokotosauria) from the Late Triassic of western USA and India |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |volume=8 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1413 |s2cid=245049571|doi-access=free }}</ref>

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="maleri21"/>

Dentaries, cervical vertebrae, femur, humerus.<ref name="maleri21"/><ref name="Sari17"/>

A ''Malerisaurus''-like taxon, a small carnivorous [[azendohsaurid]] allokotosaur. Three dentaries from the Boren Quarry were misinterpreted as the oldest [[saurischian]] dinosaurs in North America, but show affinity to malerisaurines.<ref name="Sari17">{{cite journal |last=Sarigül |first=V. |year=2017 |title=New archosauromorph fragments from the Dockum Group of Texas and the assessment of earliest dinosaurs in North America |journal=Historical Biology |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=1059–1075 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2017.1333609}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Marsh |first1=Adam D. |last2=Parker |first2=William G. |last3=Nesbitt |first3=Sterling J. |last4=Kligman |first4=Ben T. |last5=Stocker |first5=Michelle R. |year=2022 |title=Puercosuchus traverorum n. gen. n. sp.: a new malerisaurine azendohsaurid (Archosauromorpha: Allokotosauria) from two monodominant bonebeds in the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic, Norian) of Arizona |journal=Journal of Paleontology |language=en |volume=96 |issue=S90 |pages=1–39 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2022.49 |issn=0022-3360 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

[[Tanystropheidae]] indet.<ref name=":4"/>

Indeterminate

*Lower (middle, lower)

*Kirkpatrick Quarry (MOTT 3628)<ref name=":4"/>

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name=":4"/>

Two femora<ref name=":4"/>

Small tanystropheids comparable to ''[[Tanytrachelos]]'' and ''[[Langobardisaurus]]''.<ref name=":4"/>

| rowspan="3" |

''[[Trilophosaurus]]''

''T. buettneri''<ref name="Trilo20">{{Cite journal |last1=Kligman |first1=B. T. |last2=Marsh |first2=A. D. |last3=Nesbitt |first3=S. J. |last4=Parker |first4=W. G. |last5=Stocker |first5=M. R. |year=2020 |title=New trilophosaurid species demonstrates a decline in allokotosaur diversity across the Adamanian-Revueltian boundary in the Late Triassic of western North America |journal=Palaeodiversity |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=25–37 |doi=10.18476/pale.v13.a3 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

*Lower (lower)

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Trilo20"/>

Teeth

| rowspan="3" |

Herbivorous [[trilophosaurid]] [[allokotosaur]]s. Of the three species represented in the Boren Quarry, ''T. dornorum'' and ''T. jacobsi'' are the more common, with ''T. buettneri'' represented by only two specimens.<ref name="Martz08"/> ''T. jacobsi'' is also common at the Kahle Quarry (NMMNH L-3775) should it belong to the middle Cooper Canyon Formation.<ref name="Trilo20"/>

''T. dornorum''<ref name="Martz13"/><ref name="Trilo20"/>

*Lower (upper, lower)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/><ref name="Trilo20"/>

*Lott Hill (MOTT 3878)<ref name="Trilo20"/>

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Trilo20"/>

Teeth, jaw elements<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Müller |first1=B. D. |last2=Parker |first2=W. G. |year=2006 |title=A new species of ''Trilophosaurus'' (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha) from the Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation) of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona |journal=Museum of Northern Arizona, Bulletin |volume=62 |pages=119–125 |url=https://www.nps.gov/pefo/upload/Mueller-Parker-2006-New-Species-of-Trilophosaurus.pdf}}</ref>

''T. jacobsi''<ref name="Trilo20"/>

*Lower (lower)

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Trilo20"/>

Teeth

''[[Vancleavea]]''

''V. campi''<ref name="Sari18"/>

*Lower (upper, lower)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Sari18"/>

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Argo"/>

Postcervical vertebrae, osteoderms (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Sari18"/>

An unusual armoured semi-aquatic archosauriform. Additional limb bones from the Post and Kirkpatrick quarries may belong to ''Vancleavea'' or a related taxon.

===Other amniotes===

Numerous fragmentary limb bones of various reptiles have been collected that cannot be reliably diagnosed to specific clades, though some show similarities to [[drepanosauromorphs]]. Indeterminate [[procolophonid]] material is known from the Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869).<Ref name="Argo"/>

{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

! colspan="7" align="center" |'''Miscellaneous [[amniotes]] of the Cooper Canyon Formation'''

! Genus/Taxon

! Species

! Unit

! Location

! Material

! Notes

! Image

|''[[Argodicynodon]]''<ref name="Argo">{{Cite journal |last1=Mueller |first1=B. D. |last2=Huttenlocker |first2=A. K. |last3=Small |first3=B. J. |last4=Pinto |first4=J. L. |last5=Dean-Wallace |first5=K. |last6=Chatterjee |first6=S. |year=2023 |title=A new kannemeyeriiform dicynodont (Synapsida) from a Late Triassic vertebrate assemblage in west Texas, U.S.A. |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |at=e2255236 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2255236|doi-access=free }}</ref>

''A. boreni''

*Lower (lower)

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="LC05"/>

Skull, mandibles, and postcrania<ref name="LC05"/><ref name="Martz13"/>

A [[Placeriinae|placeriine]] [[dicynodont]], related to the later ''[[Placerias]]''.<ref name="Argo"/>

Cf. ''[[Clevosaurus]]''<ref name="Martz08"/>

Cf. ''C''. sp.

*Lower (upper)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

Premaxilla<ref name="Martz13"/>

A [[sphenodontian]] [[lepidosauromorph]], very similar to ''[[Clevosaurus]]''.

|[[Dicynodont|Dicynodontia]] indet.<ref name="Martz08"/><ref name="LC05"/>

Indeterminate

*Lower (middle)

*MOTT 3610<ref name="Argo"/>

*McCarty Ranch (MOTT 0690)<ref name="Argo"/>

Cranial fragments, sternum.<ref name="Argo"/>

Isolated indeterminate dicynodont material.<ref name="Argo"/>

[[Drepanosauromorpha]] indet.<ref name="Martz13"/>

Indeterminate

*Lower (upper, lower)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Argo"/>

Two scapulacoracoids (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

An unusual, possibly arboreal diapsid reptile.

[[Eucynodontia]] indet.<ref name="Martz13"/>

Indeterminate

*Lower

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

Jaw bones and teeth<ref name="Martz13"/>

Probable eucynodonts with teeth lacking a cingulum and possessing a large main cusp and 2–3 smaller posterior cusps.<ref name="Martz13"/>

|[[Kannemeyeriiformes]] indet.<ref name="Argo"/>

Indeterminate

*Lower (upper)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Argo"/>

*Meyer’s Hill (MOTT 3881)<ref name="Argo"/>

A humerus (MOTT 3881) and a femur (MOTT 3624).<ref name="LC05"/><ref name="Martz13"/>

Isolated indeterminate kannemeyeriiforms, potentially distinct from ''Argodicynodon''.<ref name="Argo"/>

''[[Libognathus]]''<ref name="Small97">{{cite journal |last1=Small |first1=Bryan J. |title=A new procolophonid from the Upper Triassic of Texas, with a description of tooth replacement and implantation |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |date=15 December 1997 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=674–678 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1997.10011016}}</ref>

''L. sheddi''<ref name="Small97"/>

*Upper

*Middle

*Simpson Ranch (MOTT 3874)<ref name="Martz08"/>

*UU Sand Creek (MOTT 3882)<ref name="Martz08"/>

Skull and dentaries<ref name="Martz08"/><ref name="LC05"/>

A [[procolophonid]] [[parareptile]], one of the only known from Late Triassic North America.<ref name="Small97"/>

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

{{strikethrough|''P. milleri''}}<ref name="Martz13"/>

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

*Lower (upper)

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

Dentary with teeth<ref name="Martz13"/>

|style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

Named as a new species of ''Pachygenelus'' by Chatterjee (1983), assignment to this genus is doubtful. Material now provisionally regarded as eucynodont.<ref name="Martz13"/>

''[[Protoavis]]''

''P. texensis''<ref name="Martz13"/>

*Lower (upper, middle)

~~Two partial skeletons~~

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz13"/>

*Kirkpatrick Quarry (MOTT 3628)<ref name="LC05"/>

At least two partial skeletons

A problematic taxon purported to be an early [[avialan]], may be a [[Chimera (paleontology)|chimaera]] of different fossils.<ref>{{cite book |last=Witmer |first=L. |year=2002 |chapter=The debate on avian ancestry: phylogeny, function, and fossils |pages=3–30 |editor-last1=Chiappe |editor-first1=L. M. |editor-last2=Witmer |editor-first2=L. M. |title=Mesozoic birds: Above the heads of dinosaurs |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley, Calif., USA |isbn=0-520-20094-2}}</ref>

''[[~~Technosaurus~~Sphenodontia]]'' indet.<ref name="~~triassicdistribution~~Martz08" />

Indeterminate

~~Dentary and premaxilla.~~

*Lower (upper, lower)

*Post Quarry (MOTT 3624)<ref name="Martz08"/>

*Boren Quarry (MOTT 3869)<ref name="Martz08"/>

[[Pterygoid bone|Pterygoid]] and mandible<ref name="Martz08"/>

Sphenodont lepidosauromorphs.

Line 59 ⟶ 745:

==References==

{{Reflist}}|refs=

<ref name=Lehman_1992>{{cite journal

|title =The Cooper Canyon Formation (Late Triassic) of western Texas

|author1 =Lehman T.

|author2 =Chatterjee S.

|author3= Schnable J.

|date =1992

|journal=The Texas Journal of Science

|volume =44

|issue =3

|pages =349–355

|url =https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Cooper+Canyon+Formation+(Late+Triassic)+of+western+Texas.-a0128663777

}}</ref>

}}

==Links==

*[https://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/sgmc-unit.php?unit=NMTRb%3B0 Bull Canyon Formation of Chinle Group] by USGS

~~[[Category:Triassic geology of New Mexico]]~~

[[Category:Triassic geology of Texas]]

[[Category:Norian ~~geologic formations~~Stage]]