Crystallography on stamps: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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[[File:Danzig Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen 25 Pf 1939.jpg|thumb|[[Wilhelm Röntgen]], Free City of Danzig, 1939|150px]]

The depiction of '''crystallography on stamps''' began in 1939 with the issue of a [[Free City of Danzig|Danzig]] stamp commemorating [[Wilhelm Röntgen]] who discovered [[X-rays]].<ref name=Klickstein>{{cite journal|last1=Klickstein|first1=Herbert S.|last2=Leicester|first2=Henry M.|title=Philately - A Chapter in the History of Chemistry|journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences|year=1947|volume=2|issue=3|pages=337–378|doi=10.1093/jhmas/ii.3.337|pmid=20266807 }}</ref> Crystallographic stamps contribute to crystallography education<ref name=Rappoport>{{cite journal|last1=Rappoport|first1=Zvi|title=Chemistry on Stamps (Chemophilately)|journal=Accounts of Chemical Research|year=1992|volume=25|issue=|pages=24–31|doi=10.1021/ar00013a004}}</ref>{{rp|24}}<ref name=Schreck1>{{cite journal|last1=Schreck|first1=James O.|title=Postage Stamps as a Teaching Tool in Chemistry|journal=Journal of Chemical Education|date=April 1986|volume=63|issue=4|pages=283–287|doi=10.1021/ed060p128}}</ref>{{rp|286}} and to the public understanding of science.<ref name=Yardley>{{cite book|last1=Yardley|first1=Christopher B.|year=2015|url=https://library.open.org/bitsream/20.500.12657/33142/1/569090.pdf|title=The representation of science and scientists on postage stamps|publisher=ANU Press|location= Canberra|ISBNisbn=978-19250-2178-3}}</ref>{{rp|64}}

Crystallography on stamps was promoted as part of the [[International Year of Crystallography]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title = Crystallography and philately|access-date = 2024-08-15|publisher = IUCr|url = https://www.iycr2014.org/events/postage_stamps/philately}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Mani|first1=Jagannath|title = Crystallography meets philately|access-date = 2024-08-15|publisher = IUCr|pages=33|year=2014|url = http://iycr2014.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/91140/100-Years-of-Crystallography-by-Jagannath-Mani.pdf}}</ref>

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===Crystallographers===

[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_1995_-_Colnect_163730_-_WCRontgen_Discoverer_of_X_Rays_-_150th_Birth_Anniversary.jpeg|thumb|[[Wilhelm Röntgen]], India, 1995|150px]]

Stamps depicting individual crystallographers are sometimes issued by countries to commemorate the birth or death anniversaries of their significant national crystallographers,<ref name=Caswell>{{cite journal|last1=Caswell|first1=Lyman R.|title=American Chemists and Physicists on Postage Stamps|journal=Journal of Chemical Education|date=October 1990|volume=67|issue=10|pages=842–847|doi=10.1021/ed067p842}}</ref> For example, on August 6, 1996, the British postal service (Royal Mail) issued a stamp honouring [[Dorothy Hodgkin]], a pioneer of protein crystallography (Great Britain's first female Nobel laureate, in 1964, in Chemistry).<ref name=García-Granda>{{cite journal|last1=García-Granda|first1=Santiago|last2=Montejo-Bernardo|first2=Jose|title=X-rays and crystallography. A story through stamps|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section A: Foundations and Advances|year=2012|volume=A68|issue=|page=s129|doi=10.1107/S0108767312097516|doi-access=free}}</ref> Some countries have also issued stamps depicting internationally famous scientists associated with crystallography. For example, up to 2023, 55 stamps from 40 countries have been issued commemorating [[Wilhelm Röntgen]] the discoverer of [[X-rays]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen - on international postage stamps|url=https://uwmadison.app.box.com/s/yqkk2ed00kiottv5mugmn8o4rxelpauj|first1= Ilia|last1=Guzei|publisher=|year=2023|access-date=16 August 2024}}</ref><ref name=Munk>{{cite journal|last1=Munk|first1=Peter L.|last2=Peh|first2=Wilfred C.G.|title=Rontgen and the Discovery of X rays on stamps|journal=The Canadian Philatelist|year=2023|volume=74|issue=1|pages=14–19|doi=|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peter-Munk-6/publication/367208292_Rontgen_and_the_Discovery_of_X_rays_-_On_stamps_The_Canadian_Philatelist/links/63c9767bd9fb5967c2ecc122/Rontgen-and-the-Discovery-of-X-rays-On-stamps-The-Canadian-Philatelist.pdf367208292}}</ref>

A number of crystallographers have been awarded the Nobel Prize<ref>{{cite web|title = Nobel Prize winners associated with crystallography|access-date = 2024-08-15|publisher = IUCr|url = https://www.iucr.org/people/nobel-prize}}</ref> and have subsequently appeared on stamps.<ref name=Miller_Kauffman4>{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=Foil A.|last2=Kauffman|first2=George B.|title=Nobel Laureates in Chemistry - A Philatelic Survey. Part III. 1935-1988|journal=Journal of Chemical Education|date=September 1990|volume=67|issue=9|pages=774–781|doi=10.1021/ed067p774}}</ref> The following Nobel prize-winning crystallographers (or their work) have been depicted on stamps: [[Charles Glover Barkla]], [[Paul D. Boyer]], [[Lawrence Bragg]], [[William Henry Bragg]], [[Georges Charpak]], [[Emmanuelle Charpentier]], [[Francis Crick]], [[Robert Curl]], [[Clinton Davisson]], [[Peter Debye]], [[Johann Deisenhofer]], [[Louis de Broglie]], [[Jennifer Doudna]], [[Ben Feringa]], [[Andre Geim]], [[Herbert A. Hauptman]], [[Dorothy Hodgkin]], [[Jerome Karle]], [[Martin Karplus]], [[Aaron Klug]], [[Brian Kobilka]], [[Harry Kroto]], [[Robert Lefkowitz]], [[Michael Levitt (biophysicist)|Michael Levitt]], [[Hartmut Michel]], [[Konstantin Novoselov]], [[Ardem Patapoutian]], [[Linus Pauling]], [[Max Perutz]], [[Venki Ramakrishnan]]. [[Wilhelm Röntgen]], [[Jean-Pierre Sauvage]], [[Dan Shechtman]], [[Richard Smalley]], [[Thomas A. Steitz]], [[Fraser Stoddart]], [[George Paget Thomson]], [[Max von Laue]], [[Arieh Warshel]], [[James Watson]], [[Maurice Wilkins]], [[Ada Yonath]].

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<gallery mode=packed heights=150px style="text-align:left">

The Soviet Union 1968 CPA 3681 stamp (Prospecting Geologist with Found Diamond and Red Crystals–Pyropes (Garnets), with label).jpg|[[Geologist]] and [[garnet]]s, USSR, 1968

The Soviet Union 1968 CPA 3661 stamp (Chemistry Institute and DimetricDimeric Anion).jpg|[[Rhenium]] [[Dimer (chemistry)|dimetricdimeric]] [[Ion#Anions and cations|anion]] with a [[Quadruple bond#History|Re-Re bond]], USSR, 1968

Stamps of Romania, 2006-079.jpg|[[Amethyst]], Romania, 2006

</gallery>

Stamps depicting crystals or crystallographic symbols are shown in the gallery above: a 1968 Russian stamp depicting a [[geologist]] and [[garnet]] crystals, a 1968 Russian stamp depicting a [[Rhenium]] [[Dimer (chemistry)|dimetricdimeric]] [[Ion#Anions and cations|anion]] with a [[Quadruple bond#History|quadruple Re-Re bond]] (Re₂Cl₈^2-),<ref name=Rovner>{{cite journal|last1=Rovner|first1=Sophie L.|publisher=American Chemical Society|title=Chemophilately|journal=Chemical & Engineering News|date=17 December 2007|volume=85|issue=51|pages=29–31|doi=10.1021/cen-v085n051.p029}}</ref> and a 2006 Romanian stamp illustrating [[amethyst]] crystals.

===International Year of Crystallography===

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{{Topical stamps}}

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[[Category:Stamp collecting]]