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{{Short description|Russian cavalry general}}

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{{about|the cavalry general}}

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[[Image:Dmitriy Vladimirovich Golitsyn.jpg|thumb|right|Portrait by [[George Dawe]]]]

'''Prince Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn''' ({{lang-ru|Князь Дмитрий Владимирович Голицын|[[Knyaz]] Dmitriy Vladimirovič Golit͡syn}}; 29 October 1771{{snd}}27 March 1844, [[Paris]]) was an Imperial Russian [[cavalry]] [[general]] prominent during the [[Napoleonic Wars]], statesman and military writer.

==Biography==

He was born in the [[Golitsyn family]] of [[Prince|Knyaz]] [[Vladimir Borisovich Golitsyn]] (1731–1798) and his wife [[Princesse Moustache|Natalie Chernyshova]], nicknamed ''La Princesse Moustache'', or ''[[the Queen of Spades (story)|the Queen of Spades]]'', who was portrayed as a central character in [[Pushkin]]'s story (and [[Tchaikovsky]]'s opera) of the same name. She was known as a learned woman, a gambler, a good dancer and served Catherine the Great. His siblings were [[Boris Vladimirovitch Golitsyn]], [[Ekaterina Vladimirovna Apraksina]] and [[Sophie Stroganov]].

In 1774 Golitsyn was enrolled in the [[Leib Guard]] [[Preobrazhensky regiment]] and received his first rank of [[sergeant]] in 1777. He continued his education in [[Strasbourg]] andin from1782. 1781 heHe travelled in Germany and France with histhe family. In the middle of the 1780s1786 the Golitsyns settled in Paris, where DmitriyDmitry and his brother Boris studied [[military science]] at the [[École Militaire]]. On 14 July 1789 Dmitry was somehow involved in the [[Storming of the Bastille]].<ref>Rzewski V.S. & V.A. Chudinov Russian "members" of the French revolution // French Yearbook 2010: Sources of the history of the French revolution of the XVIII century and the era of Napoleon. M.C. 6-45.</ref> He wrote his mother about the activities of the [[National Assembly (France)]]. In 17851791 Golitsynthe Golitsyns returned to Imperial Russia and he entered the cavalry. During the [[Kościuszko Uprising]] he fought under [[Aleksandr Suvorov]] and on 24 October 1794 distinguished himself at the [[Battle of Praga]] and earned his first [[Order of St. George]] of the 4th degree.

During the reign of Emperor [[Paul I of Russia|Paul I]] he was quickly promoted, first to [[colonel]] (on 2 May 1797), then to [[Major General]] (on 5 August 1798), and finally to [[Lieutenant General]] (on 21 August 1800). He meanwhile received the [[Order of St. Anna|Order of St. Anne]] 4th class, and also became a member of the [[Knights Hospitaller]]. He also married [[Tatiana Vasilyevna Golitsyna|Tatiana Vasilyevna Vasilchikova]] in 1800.

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[[image:Dmitriy Golitsyn.jpg|thumb|right|Portrait by [[François Nicholas Riss]]]]

Golitsyn fought bravely during the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. In 1805, during the War of the [[Third Coalition]], his regiment started the campaign in the corps of Count [[Levin August, Count von Bennigsen|Bennigsen]] in [[Silesia]]. In December 1806 he led the 4th division at the [[Battle of Golymin]]. This victory and success of Bennigsen at the [[Battle of Pułtusk]] stopped the French forces. After that, Golitsyn commanded the cavalry of the left wing. His forces took part in all major actions &ndash; at [[Battle of Eylau|Eylau]], [[Battle of Heilsberg|Heilsberg]] and [[Battle of Friedland|Friedland]]. For this campaign he received numerous Russian and foreign awards: the [[Order of St. George]] 3rd class (on 21 January 1807), the [[Order of St. Vladimir]] 2nd class, the [[Prussia]]n [[Order of the Red Eagle]] (on 18 May 1807), the [[Order of the Black Eagle]] (on 25 June 1807), and a gold sword with diamonds with the inscription ''For Bravery.''

After a brief participation in the [[Finnish War]] - proposing—proposing entering Sweden over the frozen [[Bothnian Gulf]] - Golitsyn—Golitsyn resigned his commission on 18 April 1809 and travelled into Germany. He listened to lectures at different universities. Upon returning to Russia, he lived on his [[Bolshiye Vyazyomy|Viaziomy Manor]] near Moscow. Dmitry spoke French most of the time,; his knowledge of the Russian language was limited.

[[File:Borovikovsky Golitsyn family.jpg|thumb|''Golitsyn family'' by [[Vladimir Borovikovsky]] (1810), [[National Museum, Warsaw|National Museum]] in Warsaw]]

On 31 August 1812 ([[New Style]]) he entered military service again. During the Fire of Moscow he offered 30,000 roubles to conduct him to the Russian army.<ref>With Napoleon's Guard in Russia, The Memoirs of Major Vionnet, 1812, p. 229</ref> [[Kutuzov]] entrusted him with leading the cavalry of the 2nd Western Army and the 1st and 2nd Cuirassier Divisions that were not assigned to any cavalry corps, at which he excelled at [[Battle of Tarutino]], [[Battle of Vyazma|Vyazma]], and [[Battle of Krasnoi|Krasny]]. In 1814 he was promoted to the rank of full [[General of the Cavalry]].

He governed [[Moscow]] as military Governor from 1820 and put much effort in rebuilding the city after the [[Fire of Moscow (1812)]]. In 1829 he founded a committee aimed at the protection of prisoners and supported [[Friedrich Joseph Haass]].

In the late 1830s Golitsyn fell seriously ill and from 1838 he received medical treatment for the [[urolithiasis]]. On 16 April 1841 Golitsyn received the title of [[Serene Highness|''Serene Prince'']] for his great merits. He died in Paris on 27 March 1844, a few months before the 25th anniversary of his service as Governor of Moscow.

==Works==

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==References==

{{Reflist}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071126123900/http://www.museum.ru/museum/1812/Persons/Slovar/sl_g27.html Dictionary of Russian Generals]

* Families of the nobility of the Russian Empire. Vol. II "Princes". Saint Petersburg, 1995. P. 42.

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[[Category:Golitsyn family|Dmitriy Vladimirovich]]

[[Category:Imperial Russian Army generals]]

[[Category:Governors-Generalgeneral of Moscow]]

[[Category:Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)]]

[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree]]

[[Category:Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]]

[[Category:Military writers offrom the Russian Empire]]

[[Category:Nobility from the Russian Empire]]