Double standard: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
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Line 2: {{For|the money usage|Bimetallism}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} A '''double standard''' is the application of different sets of [[principle]]s for situations that are, in principle, the same.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of double standard |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/double-standard|access-date=2020-07-27|website=dictionary.com|language=en}}</ref> It is often used to describe treatment whereby one group is given more latitude than another.<ref>{{cite web Applying different principles to similar situations may or may not indicate a double standard. To distinguish between the application of a double standard and a valid application of different standards toward circumstances that only ''appear'' to be the same, several factors must be examined. One is the [[sameness]] of those circumstances – what are the parallels between those circumstances, and in what ways do they differ? Another is the [[philosophy]] or [[belief system]] informing which principles should be applied to those circumstances. Different standards can be applied to situations that appear similar based on a qualifying [[truth]] or [[fact]] that, upon closer examination, renders those situations distinct (a [[Physical world|physical]] reality or [[moral]] obligation, for example). However, if similar-looking situations have been treated according to different principles and there is no truth, fact or [[principle]] that distinguishes those situations, then a double standard has been applied. Line 15: Dr. Tristan Botelho and Dr. Mabel Abraham, Assistant Professors at the [[Yale School of Management]] and [[Columbia Business School]], studied the effect that gender has on the way people rank others in financial markets. Their research showed that average-quality men were given the benefit of the doubt more than average-quality women, who were more often "penalized" in people's judgments. Botelho and Abraham also showed that women and men are similarly risk-loving, contrary to popular belief. Altogether, their research showed that double standards (at least in financial markets) do exist around gender. They encourage the adoption of controls to eliminate [[gender bias]] in application, hiring, and evaluation processes within organizations. Examples of such controls include using only initials on applications so that applicants' genders are not apparent, or auditioning musicians from behind a screen so that their skills, and not their gender, influence their acceptance or rejection into orchestras.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Dr. Tristan Botelho |author2=Dr. Mabel Abraham |title=Pursuing Quality: How Search Costs and Uncertainty Magnify Gender-based Double Standards in a Multistage Evaluation Process |journal=Administrative Science Quarterly |date=1 December 2017 |volume=62 |issue=4 |pages=698–730 |doi=10.1177/0001839217694358 |s2cid=157322669 |url=https://www.gendereconomy.org/double-standards-in-evaluation/ |access-date=9 March 2019 |language=en |format=Journal article}}</ref> Practices like these are, according to Botelho and Abraham, already being implemented in a number of organizations. ==Common areas==
{{See also|Double standard of aging}} ===Gender=== It has long been debated how someone's [[gender role]] affects others' [[moral]], [[social]], [[Politics|political]] and [[Law|legal]] responses. Some believe that differences in the way men and women are perceived and treated is a function of social norms, thus indicating a double standard. Kennair et al. (2023) found no signs on a sexual double standard in
===Law=== A double standard may arise if two or more groups who have equal legal rights are given different degrees of legal protection or representation. Such double standards are seen as unjustified because they violate a common [[Legal maxim|maxim]] of modern legal [[jurisprudence]] - that all parties should stand equal before the law. Where [[judge]]s are expected to be impartial, they must apply the same standards to all people, regardless of their own subjective [[biases]] or [[In-group favoritism|favoritism]], based on: [[social class]], [[Social rank|rank]], [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], [[gender]], [[sexual orientation]], [[religion]], age or other distinctions.{{Citation needed | date=August 2023}} ===Politics=== A double standard arises in [[politics]] when the treatment of the same political matters between two or more parties (such as the response to a public crisis or the allocation of funding) is handled differently.<ref>{{Cite Double standard policies can include situations when a country's or commentator's assessment of the same phenomenon, process or event in [[international relations]] depends on their relationship with or attitude to the parties involved.<ref>{{ === Ethnicity === Double standards exist when people are preferred or rejected on the basis of their ethnicity in situations in which ethnicity is not a relevant or justifiable factor for discrimination (as might be the case for a cultural performance or ethnic ceremony). Line 41 ⟶ 39: ==See also== {{Portal|Society}} {{Div col|colwidth= * [[Discrimination]] * [[Double bind]] * [[Doublethink]] * [[Golden * [[Honne and tatemae]] * [[Hypocrisy]] * [[In-group and out-group]] * [[In-group favoritism]] * [[Nordic sexual morality debate]] * [[Political hypocrisy]] * ''[[Quod licet Iovi, non licet bovi]]'' * [[Psychological projection]] * [[Reciprocity (social and political philosophy)]] * [[Social exclusion]]{{Div col end|Moral Duality=}} ==References== | |||