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*{{cite journal |last1=Ekman |first1=Matthias |title=Online Islamophobia and the politics of fear: manufacturing the green scare |journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies |date=2015 |volume=38 |issue=11 |pages=1986-2002 |doi=10.1080/01419870.2015.1021264 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01419870.2015.1021264 |access-date=3 January 2021 |quote=Important Islamophobic intellectuals are, among others, Melanie Phillips, Niall Ferguson, Oriana Fallaci (d. 2006), Diana West, Christopher Hitchens (d. 2011), Paul Berman, Frank Gaffney, Nick Cohen, Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Douglas Murray (Kundnani 2012b, 2008; Carr 2006; Gardell 2010).}}

Murray described as 'Islamophobic':

*{{cite journal |last1=Allchorn |first1=William |title=Beyond Islamophobia? The role of Englishness and English national identity within English Defence League discourse and politics |journal=National Identities |date=2019 |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=527-539 |doi=10.1080/14608944.2018.1531840 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14608944.2018.1531840 |access-date=3 January 2021 |quote=In addition, in Busher’s (2015) ethnographic study of EDL activism in the South East, he confirms that – while EDL activists’ ideological sources were largely drawn from ‘esoteric [Counter-Jihad] authors’ – they also ‘extended well beyond this niche’ to include mainstream ‘Islamophobes’ such as Douglas Murray and prominent New Atheists Christopher Hitchens and Richard Dawkins (p. 84), whose characterisation of the Muslim faith as ‘evil’ or ‘mad’ adds grist to the group's Islamophobic cause.}}</ref>

Murray's profile in Georgetown University's Bridge Initiative, which aims to document Islamophobia:

*{{cite web |author1=Bridge Initiative Team |title=Factsheet: Douglas Murray |url=https://bridge.georgetown.edu/research/factsheet-douglas-murray/ |website=Bridge: a Georgetown University Initiative |publisher=Georgetown University |access-date=2 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930082042/https://bridge.georgetown.edu/research/factsheet-douglas-murray/ |archive-date=30 September 2020 |language=English |date=13 June 2018}}</ref>

==Early life==

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Murray is a frequent critic of [[Islam]], saying that there is "a creed of Islamic fascism—a malignant fundamentalism, woken from the Dark Ages to assault us here and now".<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.newsweek.com/would-mark-twain-be-prevented-speaking-berkeley-798321 |title= Would Mark Twain be prevented from speaking at Berkeley? |last=Ali|first= Ayaan Hirsi|date=2 February 2018|website= Newsweek}}</ref><ref name= "Murray2005">{{cite web|last=Murray |first= Douglas |url= http://www.socialaffairsunit.org.uk/blog/archives/000636.php | work = Web Review | title = Neoconservatism: why we need it—a talk to the Manhattan Institute |publisher= The Social Affairs Unit | date = 26 October 2005 | access-date =12 November 2010}}</ref> In the wake of the [[2017 London Bridge attack]], Murray stated in a radio interview:

{{Blockquote |text=We’ve fallen into the idea that answer [to terrorism] is more Islam. This is the argument of the Muslim Brotherhood and other groups. ‘You don’t like this Islam? Well we’ve got some other Islam, or different Islam.’ And I just say, look, we need a bit less Islam.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ferrari |first1=Nick |title=Douglas Murray Says To Have Less Terrorism The UK Needs “Less Islam” |url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/radio/presenters/nick-ferrari/douglas-murray-less-terrorism-the-uk-less-islam/ |website=LBC: Leading Britain's Conversation |access-date=6 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112022053/https://www.lbc.co.uk/radio/presenters/nick-ferrari/douglas-murray-less-terrorism-the-uk-less-islam/ |archive-date=12 November 2020 |date=7 June 2017}}</ref>}}

Murray has been extensively profiled by [[Georgetown University]]'s Bridge Initiative, which aims to document examples of [[Islamophobia]].<ref name="BridgeMurray">{{cite web |author1=Bridge Initiative Team<!-- wikidata:Q98311653 -->|title=Factsheet: Douglas Murray |url=https://bridge.georgetown.edu/research/factsheet-douglas-murray/ |website=Bridge: a Georgetown University Initiative |publisher=Georgetown University |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930082042/https://bridge.georgetown.edu/research/factsheet-douglas-murray/ |archive-date=30 September 2020 |language=English |date=13 June 2018}}</ref>Murray's criticisms of Islam have been described as a form of far-right [[entryism]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahmed |first1=Nafeez |title=White supremacists at the heart of Whitehall |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/white-supremacists-heart-whitehall |website=Middle East Eye |access-date=6 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101204707/https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/white-supremacists-heart-whitehall |archive-date=1 November 2019 |date=9 March 2015 |quote=Murray’s screed against the free speech of those asking questions about the intelligence services is ironic given that in a separate Wall Street Journal comment, he laments that the attacks in Paris and Copenhagen prove the West is losing the war on “free speech” being waged by Islamists. But Murray’s concerns about free speech are really just a ploy for far-right entryism.}}</ref> and he has drawn scrutiny for praising the anti-Muslim author [[Robert B. Spencer]], who is banned from entering the U.K., and appearing on the podcast ''The Milo Yiannopoulos Show'' in 2016, hosted by the eponymous [[far-right]] figure.

In 2008, Murray listed the cases of 27 writers, activists, politicians and artists – including Sir [[Salman Rushdie]], [[Maryam Namazie]] and [[Anwar Shaikh (critic of Islam)|Anwar Shaikh]], all three of whom had received death threats due to their criticism of Islam. Murray said that "Unless Muslims are allowed to discuss their religion without fear of attack there can be no chance of reform or genuine freedom of conscience within Islam."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7718715.stm|title=Muslims' free speech 'threatened'|date=10 November 2008|access-date= 15 April 2020 |language= en-GB}}</ref>