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In fact, the availability of other sources of capital, coinciding with the growth of religious intolerance following the [[Fourth Lateran Council]] of 1215, is the simplest and most likely explanation for the Edict.<ref>The Cambridge historical encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland, page 126. Cambridge University Press, 1985</ref> The expulsion should also be viewed in the context of the growth of anti-Jewish sentiment in [[13th century]] Continental Europe; France, for example, had expelled all Jews from its cities; Edward's mother, [[Eleanor of Provence]] had expelled Jews from her estates in 1275.
==Later contacts with the Mongols==
The Mongol ruler [[Arghun]] sent several embassies to European rulers from 1287, to invite them to join in combined operations against the [[Mamluks]] in the [[Holy Land]]. In 1287, he sent the Nestorian [[Rabban Bar Sauma]], with the objective of contracting a military alliance to fight the Muslims in the Middle-East, and take the city of [[Jerusalem]]. Sauma returned in 1288 with positive letters from Pope [[Nicholas IV]], Edward I of England, and [[Philip IV the Fair]] of France whom he had all visited. He met with Edward in the city of [[Bordeaux]]:<ref>Boyle, in Camb. Hist. Iran V, pp. 370-71; Budge, pp. 165-97. [http://www.encyclopediairanica.com/articles/v10f2/v10f216a.html Source]</ref>.
{{quote|"King Edward rejoiced greatly, and he was especially glad when Rabban Sauma talked about the matter of Jerusalem. And he said "We the kings of these cities bear upon our bodies the sign of the Cross, and we have no subject of thought except this matter. And my mind is relieved on the subject about which I have been thinking, when I hear that King Arghun thinketh as I think"|Account of the travels of Rabban Bar Sauma, Chap. VII.<ref>"The Monks of Kublai Khan Emperor of China", Sir E. A. Wallis Budge [http://www.aina.org/books/mokk/mokk.htm Source]</ref>}}
In 1289, Arghun sent a third mission to Europe, in the person of [[Buscarel of Gisolfe]], a Genoese who had settled in Persia. The objective of the mission was to determine at what date concerted Christian and Mongol efforts could start. Arghun committed to march his troops as soon as the Crusaders had disambarked at [[Saint-Jean-d'Acre]]. Buscarel was in Rome between July 15th and September 30th 1289. He was in Paris in November-December 1289. Buscarel then went to England to bring Arghun's message to Edward I. He arrived in London January 5, 1290. Edward, whose answer has been preserved, answered enthusiastically to the project but remained evasive and failed to make a clear commitment, probably because of the difficult internal situation with the Welsh and the Scots.<ref>"Histoire des Croisades III", Rene Grousset.</ref> Edward sent a prominent English notable, [[Sir Geoffrey de Langley]], to accompany Buscarel back to Persia.<ref>Iranica Encyclopedia [http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v4f6/v4f6a008.html]</ref>
Arghun then sent a fourth mission to European courts in 1290, led by a certain Chagan or Khagan, who was accompanied by Buscarel of Gisolfe and a Christian named Sabadin. Arghun's death on March 10, 1290, deprived the plan of a motivating force. On May 18, 1291, [[Saint-Jean-d'Acre]] was conquered by the Mamluks following a [[Siege of Acre (1291)|six week siege]].
These attempts to mount a combined offensive had mainly failed because of the internal conflicts which preoccupied the European monarchs and this pattern was to continue.
In March 1302, Edward I would again respond to Mongol proposals (this time from [[Ghazan]]), explaining that he supported combined action but that he was obliged to give priority to challenges from nearby states:
{{quote|"The wars that trouble Christiandom have blocked us for a long time from taking, as we would like, resolutions regarding the Holy Land. But when the Pope will have established favourable conditions, we will gladly commit all our forces to this enterprise, for which we wish a successful outcome, more than anything in the world."|Letter from Edward I to Ghazan, 12 March 1302, [[Westminster]].<ref>Quoted in Luisetto, p.116</ref>}}
==Ancestry==
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* Thomas B. Costain, ''The Three Edwards'' (Popular Library, 1958, 1962, ISBN 0-445-08513-4)
* ''The Times Kings & Queens of The British Isles'', by Thomas Cussans (page 84, 86, 87) ISBN 0-0071-4195-5
* Luisetto, Frédéric (2007). Arméniens & autres Chrétiens d'Orient sous la domination Mongole (in French). Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner S.A. ISBN 9782705337919.
* GWS Barrow, Robert Bruce and the community of the realm of scotland
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