Electronic cigarette: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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=== Safety ===

{{Main|Safety of electronic cigarettes}}

The risks of electronic cigarette use are uncertain.<ref name=Odum2012>{{cite journal|last1=Odum|first1=L. E.|last2=O'Dell|first2=K. A.|last3=Schepers|first3=J. S.|title=Electronic cigarettes: do they have a role in smoking cessation?|journal=Journal of pharmacy practice|date=December 2012|volume=25|issue=6|pages=611–4|pmid=22797832|doi=10.1177/0897190012451909}}</ref><ref name=Harrell2014/> This is due to there being little data regarding their [[health effect]]s<ref name=Palazzolo>{{Citation | title=Electronic cigarettes and vaping: a new challenge in clinical medicine and public health. A literature review. | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3859972/ | author1-first=Dominic L. |author1-last=Palazzolo | journal=Frontiers in Public Health | volume=1 |issue=56 | date=Nov 2013| doi=10.3389/fpubh.2013.00056 | pmid=24350225 | pmc=3859972}}</ref> and to the variability of vaporizers and variability in liquid ingredients and in their concentration and quality, and thus variability of the contents of mist delivered to the user.<ref name=Grana2014/><ref name=Odum2012/><ref name=O2012>{{cite journal|last=O'Connor|first=RJ|title=Non-cigarette tobacco products: what have we learnt and where are we headed?|journal=Tobacco control|date=March 2012|volume=21|issue=2|pages=181–90|pmid=22345243|doi=10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050281|pmc=3716250}}</ref><ref name=CDCQ&A>{{cite web |author=Edgar, Julie |title=E-Cigarettes: Expert Q&A With the CDC |url=http://www.webmd.com/smoking-cessation/news/20131112/e-cigarettes-cdc |publisher=WebMD |accessdate=17 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=FDAPublicHealthFocus>{{cite web|title=Public Health Focus: Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes)|url=http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm172906.htm|publisher=FDA|date=24 April 2014}}</ref> The limited evidence suggests that e-cigarettes are probably safer than traditional [[cigarette]]s.<ref name=O2012/> They are similar in [[toxicity]] to other [[nicotine replacement products]], but there is not enough data to draw conclusions.<ref name=Caponnetto2013/> The evidence suggests that the US [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) accepted products such as a [[nicotine inhaler]] may be a safer way to give nicotine.<ref name=Drummond2014/> A July 2014 WHO report cautioned about potential risks of using electronic cigarettes.<!-- <ref name=WHOPosition2014/> --> The report concluded that "the existing evidence shows that ENDS aerosol is not merely "water vapour" as is often claimed in the marketing for these products. ENDS use poses serious threats to adolescents and fetuses."<ref name=WHOPosition2014/> A 2014 [[systematic review]] concluded that the risks of e-cigarettes have been exaggerated by health authorities and stated that it is apparent that there may be some remaining risk accompanied with e-cigarette use, though the risk of e-cigarette use is likely small compared to smoking tobacco.<ref name=FarsalinosPolosa2014/> {{Asof|2014}}, e-cigarettes cannot be regarded as harmless.<ref name=Pisinger2014/> A 2013 review found until additional data is available on the topic, using e-cigarettes cannot be regarded as safe.<ref name=Bertholon2013>{{cite journal|last1=Bertholon|first1=J.F.|last2=Becquemin|first2=M.H.|last3=Annesi-Maesano|first3=I.|last4=Dautzenberg|first4=B.|title=Electronic Cigarettes: A Short Review|journal=Respiration|year=2013|issn=1423-0356|doi=10.1159/000353253|pmid=24080743}}</ref> No long-term studies have shown that e-cigarettes are a "healthier alternative."<ref name=Drummond2014/> {{FV|date=November 2014}}

===Addiction===