Fisting: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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<!-- Please don't remove images without first seeking consensus on the talk page - your edit will be reverted -->Fisting's emergence as a sexual practice is commonly attributed to [[LGBT culture#Gay men's culture|gay male culture]].<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Fisting, also called handballing, fist-fucking, brachiovaginal, or brachioproctic insertion |url=http://www.leatherpedia.org/fisting-also-called-handballing-fist-fucking-brachiovaginal-or-brachioproctic-insertion/ |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Leatherpedia |language=en-US}}</ref> However, its precise origin is disputed. Some claim fisting began in the twentieth century,<ref name="Damousi">{{cite book|first1=Joy |last1=Damousi |first2=Robert |last2=Reynolds|title=History on the Couch: Essays in History and Psychoanalysis|publisher=[[Melbourne University]]|isbn=052285057X|year=2003|page=57|access-date=February 24, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9NIWYP7MmkC&pg=PA57}}</ref><ref name="Bergman">{{cite book|author=David Bergman|title=The Violet Hour: The Violet Quill and the Making of Gay Culture|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|isbn=0231503830|year=2004|pages=206–207|access-date=February 24, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yam1zo4yUlsC&pg=PA206}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Piontek|first=Thomas|title=Queering Gay and Lesbian Studies|url=https://archive.org/details/queeringgaylesbi0000pion|url-access=registration|access-date=October 9, 2014|date=January 2006|publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]]|isbn=978-0-252-03031-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/queeringgaylesbi0000pion/page/90 90]}}</ref> whereas others assert the practice dates back to the eighteenth century or earlier.<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Jarred H |date=2023-04-03 |title=Fisting intimacy: The sexual scripting of intimacy in gay men's anal fisting |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19419899.2022.2148119 |journal=Psychology & Sexuality |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=416–431 |doi=10.1080/19419899.2022.2148119 |hdl=2263/88857 |s2cid=253530400 |issn=1941-9899|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jonathan |date=2011-08-15 |title=A Hand in the Bush - An Interview with Deborah Addington |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/jmvqx7/a-hand-in-the-bush-an-interview-with-deborah-addington |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Sex education|Sex educator]] [[Center for Sex & Culture#Robert Lawrence|Robert Morgan Lawrence]], for example, claimed the practice dates back thousands of years.<ref>{{cite book |last=Taormino |first=Tristan |author-link=Tristan Taormino |date=1998 |title=The Ultimate Guide to Anal Sex for Women |publisher=Cleis Press |url=https://archive.org/details/ultimateguidetoa00taorrich |url-access=registration |page=103 |isbn=9781573440288}}</ref><ref name="1occupytampa.org">[[Gayle Rubin]], "The Catacombs: A Triumph of the Butthole", in ''Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics, and Practice'', Alyson Press, 1992, {{ISBN|1555831877}}, pp. 119-141; reprinted in ''Deviations: A Gayle Rubin Reader'', Duke University Press, 2011, {{ISBN|0822349868}}, {{cite web|url=http://occupytampa.org/files/tristan/introfem/final/introfem%20final%20final/Gayle_S._Rubin_Deviations_A_Gayle_Rubin_Reader_a_John_Hope_Franklin_Center_Book__2011.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=September 30, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082917/http://occupytampa.org/files/tristan/introfem/final/introfem%20final%20final/Gayle_S._Rubin_Deviations_A_Gayle_Rubin_Reader_a_John_Hope_Franklin_Center_Book__2011.pdf |archive-date=October 6, 2014 }}, retrieved September 30, 2014.</ref>

Fisting became more visible and popular around the time of the [[gay liberation movement]], during which [[sex club]]s partly or entirely dedicated to the practice emerged. By 1973, gay bars, bathhouses and clubs such as the Red Star Saloon in [[South of Market, San Francisco]] were openly advertising fisting.<ref name=":22" /> The most famous fisting club was the [[Catacombs (sex club)|Catacombs]], a gay and lesbian [[sadomasochism|S/M]] [[Leather subculture|leather]] fisting club in the South of Market area of San Francisco, which operated from 1975 to 1981, and reopened at another location from 1982 to 1984.<ref name="occupytampa.org">{{cite book |last=Rubin |first=Gayle |author-link=Gayle Rubin |title=Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics, and Practice |date=1992 |publisher=Alyson Press |isbn=1555831877 |pages=119–141 |chapter=The Catacombs: A Temple of the Butthole}}; reprinted in {{cite book |url=http://occupytampa.org/files/tristan/introfem/final/introfem%20final%20final/Gayle_S._Rubin_Deviations_A_Gayle_Rubin_Reader_a_John_Hope_Franklin_Center_Book__2011.pdf |title=Deviations: A Gayle Rubin Reader |date=2011 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0822349860 |access-date=September 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082917/http://occupytampa.org/files/tristan/introfem/final/introfem%20final%20final/Gayle_S._Rubin_Deviations_A_Gayle_Rubin_Reader_a_John_Hope_Franklin_Center_Book__2011.pdf |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Handball Express was another notable fisting club.<ref>{{cite book | first = Eric | last = Rofes | author-link=Eric Rofes | title = A Walking Tour of South of Market in the 1970s | location = San Francisco | date = 2005 | pages = 16–17 | chapter = The Handball Express, 975 Harrison Street | url=http://www.ericrofes.com/pdf/70s_Walking_Tour.pdf |access-date=November 24, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031170033/http://www.ericrofes.com/pdf/70s_Walking_Tour.pdf |archive-date=October 31, 2014 }}</ref> [[Crisco]] was commonly used as a [[Personal lubricant|lubricant]]—prominently featured in [[pornographic film]]s like ''[[Bijou Theater (Chicago)#Bijou Video|Erotic Hands]]'' (1980)<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Erotic Hands |url=https://gay.aebn.com/gay/movies/125210/erotic-hands |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[AEBN]]}}</ref>—before [[#Lubricants|specialized products]] became available.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":8" />▼

[[File:San Francisco Catacombs.jpg|thumb|A patch for [[Catacombs (sex club)|The Catacombs]], a gay and lesbian [[sadomasochism|S/M]] leather fisting club, from the [[Leather Archives & Museum]]'s collection]]

▲Fisting became more visible and popular around the time of the [[gay liberation movement]], during which [[sex club]]s partly or entirely dedicated to the practice emerged. The [[Handkerchief code|hanky code]] allowed fisters to surreptitiously solicit partners in public by wearing red handkerchiefs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gremore |first=Graham |date=2016-05-19 |title=Levi's Is Bringing Back The Hanky Code Just In Time For Pride |url=https://www.queerty.com/levis-bringing-back-hanky-code-just-time-pride-20160519 |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=[[Queerty]] |language=en}}</ref> By 1973, gay bars, bathhouses and clubs such as the Red Star Saloon in [[South of Market, San Francisco]] were openly advertising fisting.<ref name=":22" /> The most famous fisting club was the [[Catacombs (sex club)|Catacombs]], a gay and lesbian [[sadomasochism|S/M]] [[Leather subculture|leather]] fisting club in the South of Market area of San Francisco, whichthat operated from 1975 to 1981, and reopened at another location from 1982 to 1984.<ref name="occupytampa.org">{{cite book |last=Rubin |first=Gayle |author-link=Gayle Rubin |title=Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics, and Practice |date=1992 |publisher=Alyson Press |isbn=1555831877 |pages=119–141 |chapter=The Catacombs: A Temple of the Butthole}}; reprinted in {{cite book |url=http://occupytampa.org/files/tristan/introfem/final/introfem%20final%20final/Gayle_S._Rubin_Deviations_A_Gayle_Rubin_Reader_a_John_Hope_Franklin_Center_Book__2011.pdf |title=Deviations: A Gayle Rubin Reader |date=2011 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0822349860 |access-date=September 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082917/http://occupytampa.org/files/tristan/introfem/final/introfem%20final%20final/Gayle_S._Rubin_Deviations_A_Gayle_Rubin_Reader_a_John_Hope_Franklin_Center_Book__2011.pdf |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Handball Express was another notable fisting club.<ref>{{cite book | first = Eric | last = Rofes | author-link=Eric Rofes | title = A Walking Tour of South of Market in the 1970s | location = San Francisco | date = 2005 | pages = 16–17 | chapter = The Handball Express, 975 Harrison Street | url=http://www.ericrofes.com/pdf/70s_Walking_Tour.pdf |access-date=November 24, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031170033/http://www.ericrofes.com/pdf/70s_Walking_Tour.pdf |archive-date=October 31, 2014 }}</ref> [[Crisco]] was commonly used as a [[Personal lubricant|lubricant]]—prominently featured in [[pornographic film]]s like ''[[Bijou Theater (Chicago)#Bijou Video|Erotic Hands]]'' (1980)<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Erotic Hands |url=https://gay.aebn.com/gay/movies/125210/erotic-hands |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[AEBN]]}}</ref>—before [[#Lubricants|specialized products]] became available.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":8" />

During the [[AIDS Crisis|AIDS crisis]] in the 1980s, cities such as San Francisco<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=1984-10-10 |title=14 San Francisco Sex Clubs Told to Close to Curb AIDS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/10/us/14-san-francisco-sex-clubs-told-to-close-to-curb-aids.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=8 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and [[New York City|New York]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carroll |first=Maurice |date=1985-10-26 |title=State Permits Closing of Bathhouses to Cut AIDS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/26/nyregion/state-permits-closing-of-bathhouses-to-cut-aids.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=1 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> forcibly closed gay establishments that, accurately or not, were believed to permit [[unsafe sex]],<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Hank |first=Trout |date=2021-12-22 |title=The bathhouse battle of 1984 |url=https://www.sfaf.org/collections/beta/the-bathhouse-battle-of-1984/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=[[San Francisco AIDS Foundation]] |language=en-US}}</ref> including fisting.<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last=Barcelos |first=Chris A. |date=2023-05-04 |title=Adventures in fisting |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/share/DPWUMPWCVITJDH2EKU2R?target=10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |journal=[[Sex Education (journal)|Sex Education]] |language=en |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=279–286 |doi=10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |issn=1468-1811 |s2cid=248197422 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Consequently, most venues that permitted fisting, namely [[gay bathhouses]] and [[sex club]]s, permanently closed.<ref>[[Gayle Rubin|Gayle S. Rubin]], "Elegy for the Valley of Kings: AIDS and the Leather Community in San Francisco, 1981-1996", in ''In Changing Times: Gay Men and Lesbians Encounter HIV/AIDS'', ed. John H. Gagnon, Peter M. Nardi, and Martin P. Levine, University of Chicago Press, 1997, {{ISBN|0226278573}}, pp. 101-144.</ref><ref name=":8" /> While the closures were supported by some in the gay community (such as [[Randy Shilts]]), others—including the [[gay press]], [[San Francisco AIDS Foundation]], and [[San Francisco Human Rights Commission]]—criticized the decision as counterproductive and a violation of civil liberties.<ref name=":12" /> Many regarded the closures as a product of [[Homophobia|anti-gay]] hysteria as well as [[Antisexualism|anti-sex]] attitudes and [[Taboo|disapproval]] of gay sexual activity in particular.<ref name=":12" /> Meanwhile, [[safe sex]] advocates launched a public health campaign to promote the use of gloves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=one-2018001-p02335~01 (UC12335431) |url=https://doi.org/10.25549/one-c4-45746 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=USC Libraries |date=2021 |doi=10.25549/one-c4-45746 |via=[[ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives]]}}</ref>▼

▲During the [[AIDS Crisis|AIDS crisis]] in the 1980s, cities such as San Francisco<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=1984-10-10 |title=14 San Francisco Sex Clubs Told to Close to Curb AIDS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/10/us/14-san-francisco-sex-clubs-told-to-close-to-curb-aids.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=8 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and [[New York City|New York]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carroll |first=Maurice |date=1985-10-26 |title=State Permits Closing of Bathhouses to Cut AIDS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/26/nyregion/state-permits-closing-of-bathhouses-to-cut-aids.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=1 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> forcibly closed gay establishments that, accurately or not, were believed to permit [[unsafe sex]],<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Hank |first=Trout |date=2021-12-22 |title=The bathhouse battle of 1984 |url=https://www.sfaf.org/collections/beta/the-bathhouse-battle-of-1984/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=[[San Francisco AIDS Foundation]] |language=en-US}}</ref> including fisting.<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last=Barcelos |first=Chris A. |date=2023-05-04 |title=Adventures in fisting |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/share/DPWUMPWCVITJDH2EKU2R?target=10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |journal=[[Sex Education (journal)|Sex Education]] |language=en |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=279–286 |doi=10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |issn=1468-1811 |s2cid=248197422 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Consequently, most venues that permitted fisting, namely [[gay bathhouses]] and [[sex club]]s, permanently closed.<ref>[[Gayle Rubin|Gayle S. Rubin]], "Elegy for the Valley of Kings: AIDS and the Leather Community in San Francisco, 1981-1996", in ''In Changing Times: Gay Men and Lesbians Encounter HIV/AIDS'', ed. John H. Gagnon, Peter M. Nardi, and Martin P. Levine, University of Chicago Press, 1997, {{ISBN|0226278573}}, pp. 101-144.</ref><ref name=":8" /> While the closures were supported by some in the gay community (such as [[Randy Shilts]]), others—including the [[gay press]], [[San Francisco AIDS Foundation]], and [[San Francisco Human Rights Commission]]—criticized the decision as counterproductive and a violation of civil liberties.<ref name=":12" /> Many regarded the closures as a product of [[Homophobia|anti-gay]] hysteria as well as [[Antisexualism|anti-sex]] attitudes and [[Taboo|disapproval]] of gay sexual activity in particular.<ref name=":12" /> Meanwhile, [[safe sex]] advocates launched a public health campaign to promote the use of gloves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=one-2018001-p02335~01 (UC12335431) |url=https://doi.org/10.25549/one-c4-45746 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=USC Libraries |date=2021 |doi=10.25549/one-c4-45746 |via=[[ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives]]}}</ref>

A table in [[Larry Townsend]]'s ''The Leatherman's Handbook II'' (the 1983 second edition; the 1972 first edition did not include this list) which is generally considered authoritative states that a red handkerchief is a symbol for fisting in the [[handkerchief code]], which is employed usually among gay male casual-sex seekers or [[BDSM]] practitioners in the United States, Canada, Australia and Europe. Wearing the handkerchief on the left indicates the top, dominant, or active partner; right the bottom, submissive, or passive partner. However, negotiation with a prospective partner remains important because, as Townsend noted, people may wear hankies of any color "only because the idea of the hankie turns them on" or "may not even know what it means".<ref>{{cite book |last=Townsend |first=Larry|title=The Leatherman's Handbook II |year=1983 |publisher=Modernismo Publications |location=New York |isbn=0-89237-010-6 |page=26}}</ref>

Fisting's visibility and popularity has grown in the twenty-first century,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-24 |title=Exploring The Pleasures Of Fisting: A Guide To Safe And Enjoyable Fisting Sexual Experiences |url=https://www.allohealth.care/healthfeed/sex-education/fisting-sexual |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Allo Health |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Beresford |first=Kaitlyn Hayes and Meka |date=2016-06-23 |title=UK sex trends: "Fisting is the new black" |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2016/06/23/uk-sex-trends-fisting-is-the-new-black/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[PinkNews]] |language=en-US}}</ref> likely due in large part to the [[Internet pornography|internet]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheves |first=Alexander |date=2019-07-10 |title=4 Perspectives On How The Internet Has Changed Kink |url=https://www.them.us/story/how-the-internet-has-changed-kink-bdsm-leather |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[Them (website)|Them]] |language=en-US}}</ref> and greater [[Prevention of HIV/AIDS|HIV prevention and treatment options]]. Fisting [[pornography]] is now widely available online<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Dickson |first=E. J. |date=2014-10-21 |title=Is fisting the Internet's last taboo sex act? |url=https://cashmeremag.com/fisting-taboo-law-75692/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Cashmere Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> and fisters can easily meet via [[Social media|social media platforms]], some of which are tailored for fisting (e.g. [[Recon (app)|Recon]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cox |first=Joseph |date=2016-05-10 |title=Another Day, Another Hack: Is Your Fisting Site Updating Its Forum Software? |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/qkjj4p/rosebuttboard-ip-board |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-26 |title=Kinky Dating App {{!}} Recon Review |url=https://www.fetish.com/magazine/kinky-dating-site-reviews/recon-app-review/ |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Fetish.com |language=en}}</ref> Gay bathhouses have made a comeback, with some even advertising fisting parties and live demonstrations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-24 |title=IML 2017: International Mr. Leather in Chicago |url=https://www.windycitytimes.com/lgbt/IML-2017-International-Mr-Leather-in-Chicago/59220.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=[[Windy City Times]]}}</ref><ref name=":15" />[[File:Self Fisting.jpg|thumb|Anal self-fisting|180x180px|alt=Anal fisting performed by a man on himself]]

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* "[[Stinkfist]]" (1996) by [[Tool (band)|Tool]]

* Music video for "[[House of Air (song)|House of Air]]" (2017) by [[Brendan Maclean]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Michelson |first=Noah |date=2017-02-10 |title=This Singer's 'Shocking' XXX Music Video Is A 'Royal F**K You' To The Trump Era |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/brendan-maclean-house-of-air_n_589dc5d9e4b03df370d5811c |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=[[Huffington Post]] |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Monument to Joe Louis--.jpg|thumb|The ''[[Monument to Joe Louis]]'', which made headlines in 2013 for what was widely considered a fisting joke]]

=== Film ===

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=== United Kingdom ===

In the [[United Kingdom]], performing fisting<ref name="extreme-porn-trial">{{cite news|author=[[Myles Jackman]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2012/aug/08/extreme-porn-trial-simon-walsh |title=Extreme porn trial: consensual sex and the state |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 8, 2012 |access-date=January 4, 2013 |location=London}}</ref> and fisting pornography are both legal.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Matilda |date=2019-01-31 |title=Ban on fetish porn including BDSM overturned in England in landmark ruling |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/violent-porn-including-bdsm-no-longer-illegal-uk-long-performers-consenting-155930303.html |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=[[Yahoo News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> However, until 2019, the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] (CPS) considered publication of fisting material to be grounds for prosecution under the [[Obscene Publications Act 1959]]<ref name=":9">{{cite web |title=Obscene publications: Legal Guidance |url=http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/l_to_o/obscene_publications/#a05 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215064811/http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/l_to_o/obscene_publications/#a05 |archive-date=2016-12-15 |access-date=April 20, 2023 |website=[[Crown Prosecution Service]]}}{{void|comment|Fabrickator|Evidently, fisting had been removed from the website by about 2019, claim may need to be reviewed and updated}}</ref> and [[Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008]], the latter of which prohibits so-called "extreme pornography."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extreme Pornography |url=https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/extreme-pornography |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=[[Crown Prosecution Service]] |archive-date=January 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118000008/https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/extreme-pornography |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1998, the [[Birmingham City University|University of Central England]] was involved in a controversy when a library book by [[Robert Mapplethorpe]] was confiscated from a student by the police, who informed the university that two photographs in the book (including one involving fisting) would have to be removed. If the university agreed to the removal (which it did not) the book would be returned. The two photographs, which were deemed possibly prosecutable as obscenity, included “Helmut and Brooks, NYC, 1978”, which shows anal fisting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/254559/robert-mapplethorpe-helmut-and-brooks-nyc-american-1978/ |title=Helmut and Brooks, N.Y.C. (Getty Museum) |publisher=Getty.edu |date= |accessdate=2020-01-03}}</ref><ref name="independent1998">{{cite news|author=Jason Bennetto |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/mapplethorpe-images-cleared-1175348.html%3famp |title=Mapplethorpe images cleared |publisher=The Independent |date=1998-10-01 |accessdate=2020-01-03}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1999">{{cite web |url=http://www.uce.ac.uk/mapplethorpe/ |title=UCE pages on the Mapplethorpe controversy |accessdate=12 November 2002 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990209055420/http://www.uce.ac.uk/mapplethorpe/ |archivedate=February 9, 1999 }}</ref> However, after a delay of about six months, the affair came to an end when Peter Knight, the Vice-Chancellor of the university, was informed that no legal action would be taken.<ref name="independent1998"/><ref name="autogenerated1999"/> The book was returned to the university library without removal of the photos.<ref name="Smartt2011">{{cite book|author=Ursula Smartt|title=Media and Entertainment Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qCLR5fyc7N0C&pg=PA277|date=19 April 2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-73641-4|pages=277–}}</ref> In ''[[R v Peacock]]'' (2012), the jury found Michael Peacock not guilty of breaching the Obscene Publications Act for selling [[DVD]]s containing anal fisting.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Beaumont |first1=Peter |last2=Hodgson |first2=Nichi |date=2012-01-07 |title=Obscenity law in doubt after jury acquits distributor of gay pornography |url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2012/jan/07/obscene-publications-act-future-doubt |access-date=2012-01-07 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> That same year, a jury took less than 90 minutes<ref>{{Cite news |last=Davies |first=Caroline |date=2012-08-08 |title=Former Boris Johnson aide cleared of possession of 'extreme pornography' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/aug/08/boris-johnson-aide-extreme-pornography-cleared |access-date=2024-01-17 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008#2012 test case|to acquit Simon Walsh]] for possession of images of anal fisting that the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] (CPS) alleged constituted illegal, extreme pornography.<ref name="extreme-porn-trial" /> In 2019, the CPS declared it would no longer prosecute pornography produced by consenting adults engaging in legal acts,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=2019-01-31 |title=Pornography of adult consensual sex no longer taboo, says CPS |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2019/jan/31/pornography-of-adult-consensual-sex-no-longer-taboo-says-cps |access-date=2024-01-18 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> including fisting.<ref name=":10" />

=== United States ===