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Line 8: <!-- Please don't remove images without first seeking consensus on the talk page - your edit will be reverted -->Fisting's emergence as a sexual practice is commonly attributed to [[LGBT culture#Gay men's culture|gay male culture]].<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Fisting, also called handballing, fist-fucking, brachiovaginal, or brachioproctic insertion |url=http://www.leatherpedia.org/fisting-also-called-handballing-fist-fucking-brachiovaginal-or-brachioproctic-insertion/ |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Leatherpedia |language=en-US}}</ref> However, its precise origin is disputed. Some claim fisting began in the twentieth century,<ref name="Damousi">{{cite book|first1=Joy |last1=Damousi |first2=Robert |last2=Reynolds|title=History on the Couch: Essays in History and Psychoanalysis|publisher=[[Melbourne University]]|isbn=052285057X|year=2003|page=57|access-date=February 24, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9NIWYP7MmkC&pg=PA57}}</ref><ref name="Bergman">{{cite book|author=David Bergman|title=The Violet Hour: The Violet Quill and the Making of Gay Culture|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|isbn=0231503830|year=2004|pages=206–207|access-date=February 24, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yam1zo4yUlsC&pg=PA206}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Piontek|first=Thomas|title=Queering Gay and Lesbian Studies|url=https://archive.org/details/queeringgaylesbi0000pion|url-access=registration|access-date=October 9, 2014|date=January 2006|publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]]|isbn=978-0-252-03031-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/queeringgaylesbi0000pion/page/90 90]}}</ref> whereas others assert the practice dates back to the eighteenth century or earlier.<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Jarred H |date=2023-04-03 |title=Fisting intimacy: The sexual scripting of intimacy in gay men's anal fisting |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19419899.2022.2148119 |journal=Psychology & Sexuality |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=416–431 |doi=10.1080/19419899.2022.2148119 |hdl=2263/88857 |s2cid=253530400 |issn=1941-9899|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jonathan |date=2011-08-15 |title=A Hand in the Bush - An Interview with Deborah Addington |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/jmvqx7/a-hand-in-the-bush-an-interview-with-deborah-addington |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Sex education|Sex educator]] [[Center for Sex & Culture#Robert Lawrence|Robert Morgan Lawrence]], for example, claimed the practice dates back thousands of years.<ref>{{cite book |last=Taormino |first=Tristan |author-link=Tristan Taormino |date=1998 |title=The Ultimate Guide to Anal Sex for Women |publisher=Cleis Press |url=https://archive.org/details/ultimateguidetoa00taorrich |url-access=registration |page=103 |isbn=9781573440288}}</ref><ref name="occupytampa.org">[[Gayle Rubin]], "The Catacombs: A Triumph of the Butthole", in ''Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics, and Practice'', Alyson Press, 1992, {{ISBN|1555831877}}, pp. 119-141; reprinted in ''Deviations: A Gayle Rubin Reader'', Duke University Press, 2011, {{ISBN|0822349868}}, {{cite web|url=http://occupytampa.org/files/tristan/introfem/final/introfem%20final%20final/Gayle_S._Rubin_Deviations_A_Gayle_Rubin_Reader_a_John_Hope_Franklin_Center_Book__2011.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=September 30, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082917/http://occupytampa.org/files/tristan/introfem/final/introfem%20final%20final/Gayle_S._Rubin_Deviations_A_Gayle_Rubin_Reader_a_John_Hope_Franklin_Center_Book__2011.pdf |archive-date=October 6, 2014 }}, retrieved September 30, 2014.</ref> Fisting became more visible and popular around the time of the [[gay liberation movement]], during which [[sex club]]s partly or entirely dedicated to the practice emerged. By 1973, gay bars, bathhouses and clubs such as the Red Star Saloon in [[South of Market, San Francisco]] were openly advertising fisting.<ref name=":22" /> The most famous fisting club was the [[Catacombs (sex club)|Catacombs]], a gay and lesbian [[sadomasochism|S/M]] [[ [[File:San Francisco Catacombs.jpg|thumb|[[Catacombs (sex club)|Catacombs]], an early fisting club]] During the [[AIDS Crisis|AIDS crisis]] in the 1980s, cities such as San Francisco<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=1984-10-10 |title=14 San Francisco Sex Clubs Told to Close to Curb AIDS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/10/us/14-san-francisco-sex-clubs-told-to-close-to-curb-aids.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=8 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and [[New York City|New York]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carroll |first=Maurice |date=1985-10-26 |title=State Permits Closing of Bathhouses to Cut AIDS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/26/nyregion/state-permits-closing-of-bathhouses-to-cut-aids.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=1 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> forcibly closed gay establishments that, accurately or not, were believed to permit [[unsafe sex]],<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Hank |first=Trout |date=2021-12-22 |title=The bathhouse battle of 1984 |url=https://www.sfaf.org/collections/beta/the-bathhouse-battle-of-1984/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=[[San Francisco AIDS Foundation]] |language=en-US}}</ref> including fisting.<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last=Barcelos |first=Chris A. |date=2023-05-04 |title=Adventures in fisting |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/share/DPWUMPWCVITJDH2EKU2R?target=10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |journal=[[Sex Education (journal)|Sex Education]] |language=en |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=279–286 |doi=10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |issn=1468-1811 |s2cid=248197422 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Consequently, most venues that permitted fisting, namely [[gay bathhouses]] and [[sex club]]s, permanently closed.<ref>[[Gayle Rubin|Gayle S. Rubin]], "Elegy for the Valley of Kings: AIDS and the Leather Community in San Francisco, 1981-1996", in ''In Changing Times: Gay Men and Lesbians Encounter HIV/AIDS'', ed. John H. Gagnon, Peter M. Nardi, and Martin P. Levine, University of Chicago Press, 1997, {{ISBN|0226278573}}, pp. 101-144.</ref><ref name=":8" /> While the closures were supported by some in the gay community (such as [[Randy Shilts]]), others—including the [[gay press]], [[San Francisco AIDS Foundation]], and [[San Francisco Human Rights Commission]]—criticized the decision as counterproductive and a violation of civil liberties.<ref name=":12" /> Many regarded the closures as a product of [[Homophobia|anti-gay]] hysteria as well as [[Antisexualism|anti-sex]] attitudes and [[Taboo|disapproval]] of gay sexual activity in particular.<ref name=":12" /> Meanwhile, [[safe sex]] advocates launched a public health campaign to promote the use of gloves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=one-2018001-p02335~01 (UC12335431) |url=https://doi.org/10.25549/one-c4-45746 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=USC Libraries |date=2021 |doi=10.25549/one-c4-45746 |via=[[ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives]]}}</ref> Line 116: * In the [[handkerchief code]], the color [[red]] signifies interest in fisting.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cornier |first=J. Raúl |date=2019-04-23 |title=Hanky Panky: An Abridged History of the Hanky Code |url=https://historyproject.org/news/2019-04/hanky-panky-abridged-history-hanky-code-0 |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=The History Project}}</ref> * In 2011, adult performers [[Jiz Lee]] and Courtney Trouble proclaimed [[October 21]] as "International Fisting Day," which Lee described as "a day of international celebration and education" intended in part to combat [[censorship]].<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":15" /> *The [[San Francisco South of Market Leather History Alley]], opened in 2017, honors [[leather subculture|leather culture]] and community members including Steve McEachern (owner of the [[Catacombs (sex club)|Catacombs]], a now defunct gay and lesbian [[sadomasochism|S/M]] [[ == Legal status == | |||