Genetically modified food: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

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Livestock and poultry are raised on [[Compound feed|animal feed]], much of which is composed of the leftovers from processing crops, including GM crops. For example, approximately 43% of a canola seed is oil. What remains is a canola meal that is used as an ingredient in animal feed and contains protein from the canola.<ref name="What Is Canola Oil?">{{cite web|url=http://www.canolainfo.org/canola/index.php |title=What is Canola Oil? |publisher=CanolaInfo |accessdate=2012-12-29}}</ref> Likewise, the bulk of the soybean crop is grown for oil production and soy meal, with the high-protein defatted and toasted soy meal used as livestock feed and dog food. 98% of the U.S. soybean crop is used for livestock feed.<ref>David Bennett for Southeast Farm Press, February 5, 2003 [http://southeastfarmpress.com/mag/farming_world_soybean_consumption/index.html World soybean consumption quickens]</ref><ref name=britannica>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/557184/soybean|title=Soybean|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica Online|accessdate=February 18, 2012}}</ref> As for corn, in 2011, 49% of the total maize harvest was used for livestock feed (including the percentage of waste from [[distillers grains]]).<ref name=NCGA>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncga.com/uploads/useruploads/woc_2012.pdf |title=2012 World of Conn, National Corn Growers Association |format=PDF |accessdate=2012-12-29}}</ref> "Despite methods that are becoming more and more sensitive, tests have not yet been able to establish a difference in the meat, milk, or eggs of animals depending on the type of feed they are fed. It is impossible to tell if an animal was fed GM soy just by looking at the resulting meat, dairy, or egg products. The only way to verify the presence of GMOs in animal feed is to analyze the origin of the feed itself."<ref>Staff, GMO Compass. December 7, 2006. [http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/processed_foods/153.animal_feed_genetic_engineering.html Genetic Engineering: Feeding the EU's Livestock]</ref>

In some countries, recombinant [[bovine somatotropin]] (also called rBST, or bovine growth hormone or BGH) is approved for administration to dairy cows in order to increase milk production. rBST may be present in milk from rBST treated cows, but it is destroyed in the digestive system and even if directly injected, has no direct effect on humans.<ref>Dale E. Baumana and Robert J Collier. September 15, 2010 [http://www.agribiotech.info/details/2010%20rBST%20article%20for%20NABC_Bauman%2009-15%20Final%2004.pdf Use of Bovine Somatotropin in Dairy Production]</ref><ref>Staff, American Cancer Society. Last Medical Review: 02/18/2011; Last Revised: 02/18/2011. [http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/othercarcinogens/athome/recombinant-bovine-growth-hormone Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone]</ref> The [[Food and Drug Administration]], [[World Health Organization]], [[American Medical Association]], [[Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics|American Dietetic Association]], and the [[National Institute of Health]] have independently stated that dairy products and meat from BST treated cows are safe for human consumption.<ref name="Brennand">{{cite web |url=https://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/factsheet/FN-250_6.pdf |title=Bovine Somatotropin in Milk |accessdate=2011-03-06 |author=Charlotte P. Brennand, PhD, Extension Food Safety Specialist }}</ref> However, on 30 September 2010, the United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, analyzing evidence submitted in briefs, found that there is a "compositional difference" between milk from rBGH-treated cows and milk from untreated cows.<ref>Greg Cima, November for JAVMA News. November 18, 2010. [https://www.avma.org/News/JAVMANews/Pages/101201m.aspx Appellate court gives mixed ruling on Ohio rBST labeling rules]</ref><ref name="Ohio decision">{{cite web|author=leagle.com |url=http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?xmldoc=in%20fco%2020100930180.xml&docbase=cslwar3-2007-curr |title=INTERNATIONAL DAIRY FOODS ASS'N v. BOGGS – Argued: June 10, 2010 |publisher=Leagle.com |date= }}</ref> The court stated that milk from rBGH-treated cows has: increased levels of the hormone [[Insulin-like growth factor 1]] (IGF-1); higher fat content and lower protein content when produced at certain points in the cow's lactation cycle; and more somatic cell counts, which may "make the milk turn sour more quickly."<ref name="Ohio decision"/>

==Foods made from GM animals ==